This is a synthetic report about multiple sclerosis: there is described the neuropathology (by optic and electronic microscopy) of this disease, the changes in the protein metabolism, above all in basic protein content, in lipids, in enzymes of the plaques and of the apparently normal white and gray matter. There are afterwords described the relationship between viruses and multiple sclerosis, the probable action mechanism of the virus-determined demyelination, and the changes of the immunitary system (increase of gamma-globulins, serum myelotoxicity, lymphocitary changes).

Antibodies, Viral↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Cerebrospinal fluid immunoglobulins and neurological diseases].

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Humans↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Determination of serum levels of 2,6 diethylaniline in laboratory animal treated with Alachlor.

In order to estimate the environmental risk of the use of Alachlor, experiments on laboratory animals were conducted. Alachlor and 2,6 diethylaniline content in blood serum was quantified. Three groups of male ACI/T rats and C3H/FEJ mice were treated with three different doses of Alachlor. Six hours after the intraperitoneal injection the animals were bled and blood was collected by cardiac puncture. From serum obtained after blood centrifugation, A and DEA were extracted using diethyl ether. 2,6 diethylaniline and Alachlor determinations were carried out by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The HPLC revealed that the metabolic capacity of 2,6 diethylaniline production from Alachlor in rats is dose-dependent; moreover, the animals can be subdivided into at least two groups, according to their Alachlor metabolic capacities. In mice the metabolic release of 2,6 diethylaniline was found to be practically complete at every dose tested.

Acetamides↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Identification of optimal conditions for the detection of benzo[a]pyrene-DNA adducts by enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assays (ELISA).

The aim of the present report was to establish the optimal conditions for the detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon adducted to DNA by enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assays (ELISA). Racemic 7,t-8-dihydroxy-t-9,10-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-benzo[a]pyrene ((+/-)-anti-BPDE) modified DNA samples were produced in vitro, by reacting (+/-)-anti-BPDE with calf thymus DNA, and in vivo in Swiss female mice by single i.p. injection of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) (200 mg/kg body weight dissolved in tricaprylin). The BPDE adduct content in vitro and in liver and lung modified DNA was detected by direct and competitive ELISA using serial dilutions of the samples in unmodified calf thymus DNA, and polyclonal rabbit immunoglobulin-G elicited toward BPDE-DNA and BPDE-gelatin, both produced in our laboratory. The carcinogen-macromolecule conjugate in which adducts were sought could be used as an immunogen to produce a specific and potent antibody. Moreover, the modification level of the ELISA standards should be as close to the range as of the biological samples to correctly calculate the adducts, since different binding efficiency between antibody and BPDE-modified DNA is dependent on the BPDE modification level (33). Appropriate extraction of the in vitro modified samples is also necessary to guarantee the exact covalent modification level, eliminating noncovalently linked BPDE. Under these conditions, our results confirm that competitive ELISA is much more sensitive than the direct method, mainly because of the limitations caused by the coating of the antigen in each well (max 5 micrograms DNA/well), whereas the amount of DNA (modified or not) that can be employed for adduct detection by competitive ELISA increases 20-fold. The sensitivity obtained was 0.5 fmol B[a]P/microgramDNA (1.6 adducts/10(7) nucleotides).

7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide↗