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Biomedical subjects

A Farinelli

Publications and source records attributed to A Farinelli.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Early skeletal changes of the hand phalanges in patients with chronic renal failure.

Appearance time and the severity of skeletal changes in patients with chronic renal failure are still not well defined. In 61 patients with incipient to advanced renal insufficiency (glomerular filtration rate 70 to 5 ml/min X 1.73 m2), bone alterations (acro-osteolysis, subeperiosteal and intracortical resorption) were mammographically studied in hand phalanges. A high correlation (p less than 0.001) was found between the radiological score and the severity of the renal insufficiency. The earliest changes of renal osteodystrophy occurred in the tufts. Biopsy specimens were taken from the iliac crest in 22 patients. Qualitative bone histology correlated significantly (p less than 0.001) with the total radiological score. Mammography offers an effective and non-invasive means of studying early skeletal changes in patients with chronic renal failure.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Periosteal new bone in uraemic osteodystrophy.

Out of 54 patients requiring haemodialysis approximately one quarter were found to have periosteal new bone associated with severe renal osteodystrophy. This feature has been analysed and correlated with biochemical, clinical, and histological parameters. No direct correlation was found with the duration of haemodialysis, but there is a good correlation with histological indices of osteitis fibrosa and serum parathormone levels. Periosteal new bone regressed or totally disappeared in eight patients after parathyroidectomy and renal transplantation. It is suggested that periosteal new bone may be a useful indicator of hyperparathyroidism in this type of patient.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Exercise-induced urinary abnormalities in long-distance runners.

The post-exercise urine samples from 122 long-distance runners showed evident abnormalities upon microscopic examination in 95% of all subjects. Proteinuria, alone or with microscopic hematuria, was frequently found. Macroscopic hematuria was a rare occurrence. The urine samples collected in 30 runners before, immediately after the race, and 6, 12, 24, 36, and 48 h later showed a significant post-race decrease in the osmolarity and a significant increase in gamma-glutamyl transferase and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase enzyme activity. Plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone, determined before and after the race in nine runners, showed a significant increase in the post-race samples. The abnormal urinary findings disappeared in all cases within 24-36 h. It can be concluded that urinary abnormalities are very common after exercise. These abnormalities are most often of a "renal" origin, probably due to a temporary hemodynamic impairment, partially of glomerular but principally of tubular function.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1984

Serum aluminum levels and peritoneal dialysis.

Serum aluminum levels, significantly higher in dialysis patients than in normal subjects, were also found to be significantly higher in patients on PD than in those on HD. This could be related to a higher AI transport rate across membrane during PD than during HD. The easier contamination of PD dialysates and their acidic pH could account for this trend to a positive AI balance in PD. On the basis of our observations, however, the significance of the serum aluminum level could be very low, since aluminemia does not seem to reflect the cumulative amount of AI ingested and might not readily help predict the risk of AI intoxication.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Electrolyte and osmolar changes during extracorporeal ultrafiltration of hepatic cirrhosis ascites].

Ultrafiltration of ascitic fluid with intraperitoneally reinfusion of concentrate was performed on 4 patients with hepatic cirrhosis and ascites. Ascites was removed, ultrafiltered using a parallel plate dialyzer and returned to the peritoneal space via a single catheter. A mean of 4693 ml (range 2000ml-8000ml) of protein free ascitic fluid was removed over the 2-3 hour period of ultrafiltration without evidence of worsening hypovolemia or deterioration of renal function.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Human renin granules: ultrastructural aspects.

The ultrastructure of human renin granules has been studied from a case of Bartter's syndrome. Renin bodies present roundish (R), lobulated (L) or sharply angulated (SA) shapes. The latter are indicative of the highest rates of renin synthesis and thereby of the greatest concentrations of the pressor enzyme. Their singular shape is consistent with the form monoclinic crystals assume when they grow in an isotrophic medium. R granules form owing to filling of Golgian vesicles by renin. R bodies may then coalesce for giving rise to transient L forms. Renin is released through leak from the containing granules into the intracellular space.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Renal contrast radiography study in hypertensive patients: comparison of the nephrotoxicity of ionic and non-ionic contrast media].

The results of a study carried out on 32 patients with arterial hypertension about nephrotoxic effect obtained with a new non-ionic contrast agent have been reported. The diagnostic approach was based on the determination of the urinary excretion of two characteristic enzymes of the proximal tubule-epithelial cells (alfa-glycosidase and gamma-glutamil-transferase) and of a microprotein (beta-2-microglobulin) filtered by glomeruli and readsorbed and catalized by epithelial cells. The method used show an increased sensitivity and reliability in the early recognition of a kidney damage as well as in the control of anatomic and functional changes, in comparison with the classic parameters (azotemia, creatininemia). The results show a significantly lower enzymuric and microproteinuric level using non-ionic contrast media, also, in the patients at relatively higher risk of kidney damage. This results should be interpreted in favour to a lower potential nephrotoxicity of non-ionic contrast media and their elective use in the patients with a higher risk of kidney damage.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Medium molecular weight uremic toxins and endogenous polyamines. Behavior of polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemotaxis with respect to chromatographic peaks of dialysate and standard polyamines].

The aim of our study is to evaluate the eventual activity of the total dialysate of two uremic nephrectomized patients in recirculating dialysis and the chromatographic peak of the dialysate fractionated by Sephadex column G 15 on PMN chemotaxis. Only the total dialysate and the chromatographic peak B showed inhibition of chemotaxis. On the contrary the commercial polyamines in the same concentration range, and the other chromatographic peaks, containing polyamines too, did not revealed inhibition. Our data show, therefore, that the chemotaxis inhibition could be due to the middle-molecules present in the peak B, rather than the polyamines itself. Polyamines were determined by dansylation method, separated by thin layer chromatography and quantified by spectrofluorimeter. Chemotaxis was evaluated using the modified Boyden chamber.

Chemotaxis, Leukocyte↗
PubMed1980

Response of plasma aldosterone to sequential ultrafiltration, dialysis and conventional hemodialysis.

The response of plasma aldosterone to sequential ultrafiltration dialysis has been studied during 16 sessions and compared with the response to 12 conventional sessions of hemodialysis. During the isolated ultrafiltration phase an important and significant increase in plasma aldosterone and plasma renin activity was observed. There was a substantial removal of extracellular fluid, but no change in plasma biochemistry. During conventional hemodialysis over the same time scale the concentration of plasma aldosterone decreased significantly, plasma renin underwent a small increase and plasma osmolality and plasma potassium decreased. Several possible pathophysiological mechanisms are discussed. We conclude that rapid isosmotic ultrafiltration without change in plasma potassium or sodium, the maintenance of plasma potassium at normal elevated values, and the increase of angiotensin II are factors favoring aldosterone biosynthesis.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Positive aluminium balance in patients on regular peritoneal treatment: an effect of low dialysate pH?

Aluminium concentration was determined in dialysates used for HD and for PD and in the serum of normal subjects and of uraemic patients on treatment with HD and with PD. The main finding of this study was that serum A1 levels are significantly higher in patients on PD than in patients on HD. We conclude that the use of dialysates with pH less than 5.5 could contribute to a positive balance of A1 during PD.

Adolescent↗