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Biomedical subjects

A Fairney

Publications and source records attributed to A Fairney.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Vitamin D metabolites in synovial fluid.

This study has shown that it is possible to measure vitamin D metabolites and vitamin D binding protein (DBP) in synovial fluid as well as serum. Significant amounts of 25-OHD, 24,25-(OH)2D, and DBP are present in synovial fluid. The 25-OHD and DBP maintain a serum:synovial fluid ratio of approximately 2:1 irrespective of the type of joint disease, whereas no such relationship was detected for 24,25-(OH)2D. The possible reasons for these findings are diffusion of the metabolites into synovial fluid or local production from suitable precursors, or both.

24,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3↗
PubMed1987

Vitamin A and D status of black South African women and their babies.

Knowledge of the vitamin D status of pregnant and lactating women in developing countries is very limited. An elective visit to the Transkei therefore provided us with the opportunity to study the relationship between the vitamin A and D status of dark-skinned mothers and babies resident in an environment of high sunshine exposure. 25-hydroxyvitamin D, retinol and retinol binding protein (RBP) were measured in serum samples collected from 43 black South African women and their babies, shortly after delivery. The results were compared with values obtained on sera from pregnant white and black women resident in the UK. The values for serum retinol in the Transkei mothers and babies were low. This accords with the poor nutrition and consequent high childhood mortality observed in this population. In contrast, the serum 25-OHD values were normal. This suggests that in these malnourished black South African mothers, normal vitamin D status is maintained by actinic synthesis.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Associations between sex hormones, thyroid hormones and lipoproteins.

1. A study of 150 middle-aged male industrial employees has shown significant positive correlations between plasma levels of high-density-lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and both serum testosterone and alcohol intake, and significant negative correlations between HDL cholesterol and both serum thyroxine and obesity. These associations persist when examined by multiple linear regression, indicating their independence. 2. Significant positive correlations are also shown between plasma triglyceride levels and both obesity and serum thyrotropic hormone (TSH) levels. 3. There are no evident relationships between serum oestrone or oestradiol and either HDL cholesterol or triglyceride levels, nor between any of the hormones and either total or low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. 4. Because of the potential importance in relation to coronary heart disease prevention, further studies are needed to try and understand the mechanisms of the associations between HDL cholesterol and obesity, alcohol intake and thyroid and sex hormone levels.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1979

Hypercalcaemia in rheumatoid arthritis: investigation of its causes and implications.

When correction was made for hypoalbuminaemia, 23 of 50 ambulant patients with definite or classical rheumatoid arthritis were found to have hypercalcaemia. When these 23 patients were studied 6 months later, 7 had hypercalcaemia as defined by the correction factor for a low serum albumin level, and 6 of these patients had raised serum ionised calcium concentrations. Biochemical studies in the 23 patients indicated evidence of hyperparathyroidism, namely, hypophosphataemia, increased serum alkaline phosphatase, hyperchloraemia, and reduced tubular reabsorption of calcium. However, serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone concentrations were normal. Only one patient had an abnormally low serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D result: this patient had a high level of urinary D-glucaric acid and was receiving phenobarbitone for treatment of epilepsy. The biochemical features suggestive of parathyroid overactivity were particularly found in patients with raised serum calcium levels. The cause of hypercalcaemia in rheumatoid arthritis remains to be explained.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

The effect of darkness on vitamin D in adults.

Circulating 25-hydroxy vitamin D measurements were made on Caucasians in the Antarctic. Following a period of 3 months' complete darkness there was a significant fall in 25-hydroxy vitamin D values. These results emphasize the importance of u.v. light on skin synthesis of cholecalciferol and support the view that the geriatric and immigrant population should be adequately exposed to sunlight to prevent vitamin D deficiency.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

A simple micromethod for 25-hydroxyvitamin D estimation.

A quick and simple method for estimating 25-hydroxyvitamin D is described, It involves dichloromethane extraction followed by competitive protein-binding assay without chromatography. This assay can be performed on 100 microliter of serum and enables 50 samples to be estimated in one working day. The simplicity, speed, and sample size of this method make it very suitable for use in a routine clinical biochemistry laboratory. It is particularly useful when calcium disorders secondary to abnormalities in vitamin D intake and metabolism are suspected.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Vitamin D and human lactation.

Circulating serum-25-hydroxyvitamin-D concentration was measured in recently delivered mothers who were breast-feeding and in those who were not. 4-6 weeks' lactation produced no significant change. Basal and 4-6-week values in the breast-feeding group were significantly higher than in those who were not breast-feeding. There was no evidence that lactation was an indication for supplementary vitamin D.

Asia↗
PubMed1977

Current status of vitamin D metabolism.

In summary one can record that the biochemist has discovered a beautiful metabolic pathway for vitamin D which is probably as yet incomplete. Subsequently the medicinal chemist has provided numerous synthetic analogues. However, delays in the diagnosis and treatment of vitamin D disorders, due to lack of specific assays and inadequate supplies of therapeutic metabolites, still unfortunately exist. It is hoped that these problems will be rectified as soon as more plentiful supplies of the appropriate metabolites are available.

Calcium Metabolism Disorders↗
PubMed1976

Hormonal changes in thalassaemia major.

Patients with severe thalassaemia major suffer endocrine and other abnormalities before their eventual death from iron overload due to repeated blood transfusions. The endocrine status of 31 thalassaemic patients aged 2-5 to 23 years was investigated. Exact data were available on the rate and duration of blood transfusion in all of them and in many the liver iron concentration was also known. Although the patients were euthyroid, the mean serum thyroxine level was significantly lower, and the mean thyrotrophic hormone level significantly higher, compared with the values found in normal children. Forty oral glucose tolerance tests with simultaneous insulin levels were performed in 19 children, of whom 5 developed symptomatic diabetes and one had impaired tolerance. Previous tests on all 6 patients were available and some showed raised insulin levels possibly due to insulin resistance. 2 patients had clinical hypoparathyroidism and are described. The parathyroid hormone levels determined by radioimmunoassay in 25 patients were below the mean for the age group in all and outside the reference range in 16. Nonfasting plasma calcium levels were not reduced. Puberty was delayed in some patients. Concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) measured in urine from 7 girls and 5 boys showed considerable variation. In the boys there was an overall tendency for FSH and LH excretion to be low with regard to age, but with respect to puberty rating FSH exretions were normal or low and LH normal or raised. The girls showed a tendency for LH but not FSH excretion to be raised in relation to puberty rating. The severity of the endocrine changes was related to the degree of iron loading and is discussed in relation to previous work in which the iron loading has rarely been accurately indicated nor parathyroid status assessed.

Adolescent↗