Biomedical subjects

A Fabbri

Publications and source records attributed to A Fabbri.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources

PubMed1990

[Intra- and perioperative arrhythmia and ischemic signals in myocardial revascularization patients].

In order to evaluate perioperative electrical cardiac disturbances and ST segment changes, 42 patients (38 M, 4 F, aged 57 +/- 6 ys) were studied using 24-hour Holter monitoring before, during and after coronary bypass surgery. In the 4-6 hours before cardioplegic arrest, 38% of patients had ST segment changes. No patient and malignant arrhythmias. The injection of cold cardioplegic solution was followed by bradycardia, ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation and isoelectric line within 2-4 minutes. After aortic declamping, 30 patients were defibrillated. Impulse formation and conduction disturbances, found in 55% of patients, solved themselves in 1 to 60 minutes. Bundle branch block continued in just 4 cases. A total of 59% of patients had ST segment elevation for 14 +/- 14 minutes and 19% had ST segment depression for 19 +/- 20 minutes. Successive transient ST segment changes were detected in 38% of patients. Sustained ventricular tachycardia occurred during 2 ischemic episodes. Impulse formation and conduction disturbances were not related to the duration of cardiac arrest or ventricular fibrillation, but were more frequent and lasted longer in patients with incomplete revascularization. Transient ST segment depression far from aortic declamping correlated with preclamping ischemia. Transient ST segment elevation correlated with incomplete revascularization. We concluded that ECG signs of intraoperative damage were reversible. Moreover, perioperative transitory ischemia was frequent but could be prevented by coronary active drug administration. On the other hand incomplete revascularization was associated with electrical disturbances and ischemia.

Aged↗

PubMed1989

Corticotropin-releasing factor receptors and actions in rat Leydig cells.

Rat Leydig cells possess functional high affinity receptors for corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF). CRF inhibited human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)-induced androgen production in cultured fetal and adult Leydig cells in a dose-dependent manner, but it had no effect on basal testosterone secretion. Comparable inhibitory effects of CRF were observed in the presence or absence of 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine. CRF treatment caused a marked reduction of steroid precursors of the androgen pathway (from pregnenolone to testosterone) during gonadotropin stimulation, but it did not influence their basal levels. The inhibitory action of CRF on hCG-induced steroidogenesis was fully reversed by 8-bromo-cAMP but was not affected by pertussis toxin. The action of CRF was rapid; and it was blocked by coincubation with anti-CRF antibody. CRF caused no changes in hCG binding to Leydig cells, and in contrast to other target tissues, CRF did not stimulate cAMP production, indicating that CRF receptors are not coupled to Gs in Leydig cells. These studies have demonstrated that CRF-induced inhibition of the acute steroidogenic action of hCG is exerted at sites related to receptor/cyclase coupling or cAMP formation. The inhibitory effects of CRF in the Leydig cell do not occur through the Gi unit of adenylate cyclase, but could involve pertussis toxin-insensitive G protein(s). These observations demonstrate that CRF has a novel and potent antireproductive effect at the testicular level. Since CRF is synthesized in the testis and is present in Leydig cells, it is likely that locally produced CRF could exert negative autocrine modulation on the stimulatory action of luteinizing hormone on Leydig cell function.

1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine↗

PubMed1989

Immunoreactive beta-endorphin levels in cerebrospinal fluid of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: relationship with glucocorticoid therapy and neurological complications.

Neurological disorders, such as seizures, are not infrequently associated with anti-leukemic therapy. It has been hypothesized that a disrupted peptidergic transmission between neurons could be the cellular basis of the neurological dysfunction. Since endogenous opioids have been recently found to alter neuronal function and possess anticonvulsant properties, the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) immunoreactive beta-endorphin levels in children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) during chemotherapy and cranial irradiation have been studied. Twenty-seven children, 2 at low, 20 at medium and 5 with high risk ALL, undergoing prophylactic treatment for meningeal leukemia, entered the study. Sequential lumbar punctures with introduction of MTX combined with oral prednisone therapy were performed; each lumbar puncture sample was collected and assayed for immunoreactive beta-endorphin. All the patients studied showed a biphasic profile of the peptide with the minimum levels reached during the induction (days 14-28) and the maximum levels detected at the end of the intensification chemotherapy (days 49-55). In the 3 groups the beta-endorphin decrease corresponded to the period of prednisone therapy; the increase was concomitant with the suspension of oral glucocorticoids. 3 patients showed tonic-clonic seizures which coincided with the lowest cerebrospinal fluid beta-endorphin levels and, in the follow-up, 13 out of 27 patients displayed EEG abnormalities. From these findings a relationship between cerebrospinal fluid beta-endorphin concentrations and neuronal excitability in patients with ALL can be suggested. It is also evidenced that oral glucocorticoid therapy has profound inhibitory effects on central beta-endorphin levels.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

LH action in the Leydig cell: modulation by angiotensin II and corticotropin releasing hormone, and regulation of P450(17) alpha mRNA.

Luteinizing hormone is the major regulator of Leydig cell differentiation and steroidogenic function. A number of hormones produced by the Leydig cell (e.g. estrogen, angiotensin, CRF, vasopressin) and the tubular compartment (inhibin, TGF beta), can influence both acute and long-term actions of LH. Conversely, hormones produced in the Leydig cells modulate tubular function (e.g. androgen, beta-endorphin, oxytocin). The LH stimulatory event can be negatively influenced by the action of angiotensin II through the guanyl nucleotide inhibitory unit of adenylate cyclase. We have recently discovered an action of corticotrophin releasing hormone through specific high-affinity low-capacity receptors in the Leydig cells which involves a pertussis toxin insensitive guanyl nucleotide regulatory unit with interaction between signalling pathways and resulting inhibition of LH induced cAMP generation and consequently of steroidogenesis. In contrast to other tissues the CRF receptor in the Leydig cells did not couple to Gs. CRF action is exerted through direct or indirect action of protein kinase C, at the level of the catalytic subunit of adenylate cyclase. Physiological increases in endogenous LH cause positive regulation of membrane receptors and steroidogenesis, while major elevations in circulating gonadotropin can induce down-regulation of LH receptors and desensitization of steroid responses in the adult cell. Gonadotropin-induced desensitization in adult rat tests include an estrogen mediated steroidogenic lesion of the microsomal enzymes 17 alpha-hydroxylase/17,20-desmolase. For further understanding of the regulation of this key enzyme of the androgen pathway the rat P450(17) alpha cDNA was cloned and sequenced. This cDNA expressed in COS-1 cells 17 alpha-hydroxylase/17,20-desmolase activities. From the deduced amino acid sequence, two transmembrane regions were identified, a signal peptide for insertion in the ER, and a 2nd transmembrane region separated from the first by 122 amino acids. The carboxy terminal non-transmembrane region possesses 4 hydrophobic clefts, of which cleft II would contain the putative steroid binding site for both hydroxylase and lyase activities. The rat cDNA was employed to evaluate the hormonal regulation of mRNA levels in adult and fetal Leydig cells. Low dose hCG treatment caused an early increase in mRNA levels followed by a return to control values at later times, while with higher desensitizing doses the initial increase in mRNA was followed by a marked reduction in mRNA at 24 h and a small recovery at 48 h. Fetal rat Leydig cells treated with E2 showed a 70% decrease in P450 mRNA levels, and testosterone production closely followed the changes in mRNA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Angiotensin II↗

PubMed1989

Neuroendocrine control of male reproductive function. The opioid system as a model of control at multiple sites.

It is known that the same peptide can be identified in different secretory tissues and in the central nervous system (CNS). We now provide evidence that the same peptides can be found in different organs related to the control of a single function, and speculate on the possibility that this reflects a common neuroendocrine programming. Endogenous opioid peptides (EOP) inhibit the reproductive function acting via the CNS. EOP inhibit gonadotropin secretion in rodents and humans via inhibition of GnRH release and have direct inhibitory actions at the pituitary level via specific binding sites on the gonadotrophs. However, EOP can also be synthesized in the testis and in different compartments of the male genital tract. Several findings indicate that EOP of the reproductive tract have a local, paracrine role. These include: (1) the detection of significant beta-endorphin (beta-EP) production by rat Leydig cells (Lc) in cultures; (2) the hormonal regulation of Lc beta-EP production by positive (gonadotropins) and negative (steroids, glucocorticoids, GnRH) factors; (3) the presence of opioid binding sites (Kd in the nanomolar range) in tubular homogenates and Sertoli cells (Sc) in culture of adult and immature rat testes; (4) the inhibition of basal and FSH-stimulated ABP production by Sc in culture when chronically exposed to beta-EP treatment; (5) the detection of high levels of beta-EP and met-enkephalin in human semen with values 6-12 times higher than in plasma; (6) the evidence for inhibitory functions of seminal opioids on sperm motility, vas deferens muscle contraction and partner immune system. Thus the same peptides, i.e. EOP, may control the reproductive function at multiple sites, operating as a multimessenger system in which the central and peripheral level are unified by the common chemical and inhibitory nature of the message.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

Endorphins in male impotence: evidence for naltrexone stimulation of erectile activity in patient therapy.

In the present study we evaluated whether naltrexone administration could stimulate sexual function in 30 male patients, ages 25 to 50 years, with idiopathic impotence of at least one year's duration and not of organic etiology. The patients received naltrexone (50 mg/day) or placebo, on a random basis for two weeks. Sexual performance, expressed as the number of full coitus/week, was assessed before (time 0) and during (on days 7 and 15) each treatment. The naltrexone therapy significantly increased the number of successful coitus compared to placebo after 7 and 15 days of treatment: improvement of sexual performance was evident in 11 out of the 15 treated patients. All the patients experienced a significant increase in morning and spontaneous full penile erections/week. No significant side effects were reported. Endocrine studies revealed no significant modification of plasma LH, FSH or testosterone by naltrexone, suggesting that the positive effect of the drug on sexual behavior was exerted at a central level. A two-month follow-up, at which time patients were off treatment, erectile capacity had returned to baseline in 10 patients, while five reported complete recovery of their sexual ability. We hypothesize that an alteration in central opioid tone is present in idiopathic impotence and is involved in the impairment of sexual behavior.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Identification of immunoreactive gastrin-releasing peptide related substances in adult rat Leydig cells.

Purified adult rat Leydig cells were found to produce gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Gel chromatography of the extracted material showed a single peak of GRP immunoreactivity. Further high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis resolved the extract into two peaks that closely resembled the C-terminal fragment of GRP, GRP18-27 and GRP14-27. Immunohistochemical studies revealed specific staining for GRP in the Leydig cells of adult rat testis. These results demonstrate, by a number of independent criteria, that rat Leydig cells contain substances which behave like authentic GRP-like peptides. Since the peptides appear to be of local origin, a paracrine function within the rat testis is suggested.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

[Postoperative biliary calculosis: our experience with therapeutic strategy].

The Authors report their experience in the treatment of 92 cases of post-surgical biliary tract stones: 17 early cases (18.5%) were treated by percutaneous nonsurgical extraction (10 cases) or by operative procedures (7 cases); 75 late cases (81.5%) were surgically treated. The Authors summarize the results of the treatment, discussing advantages and disadvantages of the various techniques.

Cholangiography↗

PubMed1989

[Clinical applications of the heart-lung transplant. Clinical results 5 years after the start of the program at Papworth].

In this study is reviewed the experience at Papworth Hospital, Cambridgeshire, and Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, with combined heart-lung transplantation. Between April 1984 and June 1989, 73 patients have undergone heart-lung transplantation. Donors and recipients were carefully matched with regards to serology, morphology and cytomegalovirus compatibility. Heart preservation was based on use of cold St. Thomas' cardioplegic solution; a pulmonary preservation fluid has been developed that allows distant organ procurement with a single pulmonary artery flush technique (Papworth solution). The recipients were: 21 pts with Eisenmenger's syndrome, 15 pts with pulmonary hypertension, 37 pts with pulmonary disease (including 22 cystic fibrosis). The results are: no surgical mortality; no acute cardiac rejection episodes. Twenty-three patients died (16 with infections, 3 with obliterative bronchiolitis, 2 with cerebral embolism and 2 others). The actuarial survival rate at one year is 73.2%; 63% at two years and 47.4% at four years. The use of transbronchial biopsy of the lung has provided accurate early and safe diagnosis of pulmonary rejection. Development in organ preservation and patient management, as well as careful selection of recipients and donors, have led to the effective use of resources and thereby to these good results.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

Isolation of a human seminal plasma peptide with bombesin-like activity.

Bombesin (BN) and BN-like peptides such as gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) belong to the growing group of regulatory peptides. Bombesin and GRP share the same carboxyl-terminal heptapeptide sequence that is essential for receptor recognition and biologic activity. Immunohistochemical findings have indicated the presence of a BN-like peptide in the neuroendocrine cells of the human prostate. These findings, together with the high concentrations of different regulatory peptides recently found in seminal plasma, prompted us to characterize a BN-like peptide in human semen by gel-filtration chromatography, reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography, and in vitro bioassay. Here we demonstrate that human semen contains high levels (mean +/- standard deviation, 288.9 +/- 114.39 pg/ml) of a substance that closely resembles the 14-27 carboxyl-terminal fragment of GRP (GRP 14-27). The partially purified peptide obtained from this source, examined on an in vitro bioassay that is especially useful for testing BN-like activities, elicits a contractile response of the rat uterus that is indistinguishable from that stimulated by standard BN and GRP 14-27. The GRP 14-27 present in human seminal plasma may be involved in some aspect of the process of fertilization.

Adult↗

PubMed1988

Hormonal regulation of beta-endorphin in the testis.

It is well established that beta-endorphin has a regulatory influence on the reproductive function at the level of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. However, recent immunohistochemical evidence demonstrated that beta-endorphin is also present in the Leydig cells of fetal, neonatal and adult mice and hamsters. In addition, beta-endorphin synthesis was localized in the Leydig cells of adult rats, leading to the hypothesis of a direct function of the peptide in the reproductive organs. Our interest was to investigate the role of beta-endorphin at testicular level. We have demonstrated the presence of high-affinity opioid binding sites (Kd in the nanomolar range) in tubular homogenates and Sertoli cells in culture of adult (50 days) and immature (18 days post-natal) rat testes. Also, chronic beta-endorphin treatment of the Sertoli cells significantly inhibited basal and FSH-stimulated androgen-binding protein production, this effect being prevented by the universal opiate antagonist naloxone. No opiate binding was observed on Leydig cell cultures. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that acute or chronic beta-endorphin treatment does not affect testosterone production by Leydig cells in vitro, consistent with the absence of receptors on these cells. On the other hand, fetal Leydig cells (21 days fetal life) in culture produced considerable amounts of beta-endorphin. Also, fetal Leydig cells represented a preferred in vitro system to study beta-endorphin release since in adult cell culture a marked degradation of the peptide was detected (greater than 50%). beta-endorphin accumulation for 3 and 5 days was markedly increased by inhibitors of steroid biosynthesis (1.5-fold); a significant reduction by GnRH at both days (by 50-30%) was observed, while by dexamethasone the reduction was only noted after 5 days of treatment (by 50%). Acute stimulation (3 h) of control cells with hCG enhanced by 10-12-fold the beta-endorphin secretion. The hormone stimulation of beta-endorphin production was not mediated by testosterone. On the contrary, inhibition of Leydig cells steroid biosynthesis markedly increased basal and hCG-stimulated beta-endorphin production (150-200%), suggesting autocrine negative modulation of Leydig cell beta-endorphin by androgen and/or its metabolites. In contrast, dexamethasone reduced basal and hCG-stimulated beta-endorphin production (by 50%). Altogether these findings indicate that beta-endorphin produced within the Leydig cells may behave as a paracrine inhibitor of the Sertoli cell function and demonstrate that the peptide production is under direct control by gonadotropins and is modulated by steroids.

Animals↗

PubMed1988

Beta-endorphin production by the fetal Leydig cell: regulation and implications for paracrine control of Sertoli cell function.

Immunohistochemical evidence has indicated that beta-endorphin (beta EP) is present in the Leydig cells of fetal, neonatal, and adult mice and hamsters. In vivo experiments suggest that hCG and/or testosterone may increase the synthesis and release of the peptide from the Leydig cell compartment. Since cultured fetal Leydig cells have considerable potential for long term studies and elucidation of trophic hormone actions in vitro, we evaluated beta EP production in this system. Fetal Leydig cells were maintained in culture for 5 days in medium with 1 microgram ovine LH added every third day in the presence or absence of inhibitors of cholesterol (aminoglutethimide) or pregnenolone metabolism (cyanoketone and spironolactone), or known regulators of beta EP production [dexamethasone (DEX)]. Media were assayed for testosterone and beta EP by RIA methods. Beta EP accumulation over 3 and 5 days was markedly increased by inhibitors of steroid biosynthesis (1.5-fold) and reduced by DEX only after treatment for 5 days (by 50%). Acute hCG stimulation significantly increased beta EP levels by 5- to 9-fold in all conditions tested. Inhibition of Leydig cell steroid biosynthesis markedly increased basal and hCG-stimulated beta EP output (by 150-200%). In contrast, DEX reduced basal and hCG-stimulated beta EP production (by approximately 50%). HPLC analysis of cultured pooled media revealed that the beta EP immunoreactivity eluted at the retention time of authentic rat beta EP. The pattern of beta EP stimulation was not reflected by testosterone levels that were low or undetectable in controls and under conditions in which spironolactone/cyanoketone or aminoglutethimide were present; most importantly, inhibition of steroid biosynthesis markedly increased beta EP levels. In addition, beta EP (10(-7) M) did not affect testosterone production, and opiate binding was not detected on Leydig cells. The lack of degradation of this opioid peptide in the fetal cultures contrasted with results from adult cultures and provided an ideal system for studies of the regulation of this peptide in Leydig cells. These results demonstrate that beta EP is released from fetal Leydig cells in culture and that acute stimulation of Leydig cells by hCG can enhance beta EP secretion. These changes are not mediated by testosterone. In contrast, testosterone or its metabolites may exert negative autocrine modulation of beta EP production.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗

PubMed1988

Low serum bioactive luteinizing hormone in nonorganic male impotence: possible relationship with altered gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulsatility.

We determined the biological activity of serum LH in 23 men, aged 25-50 yr, complaining of nonorganic impotence of at least 1-yr duration and 20 normal men. All of the impotent men had normal general physical examinations, penile Doppler tests, psychological tests, and peripheral nerve conduction. Serum PRL, FSH, LH, and thyroid hormone concentrations were normal as were the results of provocative tests of TSH, gonadotropin, and PRL secretion. The mean serum immunoreactive LH (I-LH) levels, measured in each impotent and normal man in three samples taken at 15-min intervals, were similar [7.2 +/- 0.5 (+/-SE) vs. 6.4 +/- 0.5 mIU/mL (IU/L)]. In contrast, the mean serum bioactive LH (B-LH) level was significantly lower in the impotent men than in the normal men [15.9 +/- 2.1 (+/-SE) vs. 33.0 +/- 2.8 mIU/mL (IU/L); P less than 0.05], as was the LH bio- to immunoactive (B/I) ratio (2.1 +/- 0.2 vs. 5.6 +/- 0.5; P less than 0.02). The mean serum testosterone level in the impotent men, although all individual values were within the range of normal for our laboratory [200-900 ng/100 mL (693-3120 nmol/L)], was 25% lower than that in the normal men [347 +/- 23 vs. 450 +/- 26 ng/100 mL; P less than 0.05 (1204 +/- 81 vs. 1560 +/- 91 nmol/L)]. In addition, a significant positive correlation was found between serum testosterone levels and LH B/I ratios in the impotent men (r = 0.45; P = 0.029). Pulsatile LH secretion, measured in six impotent and four normal men in blood samples collected every 15 min for 6 h, was similar in the two groups. The mean serum I-LH levels were similar [7.5 +/- 1.1 (+/-SE) vs. 5.1 +/- 1.0 mIU/mL (IU/L)], while the mean serum B-LH level as well as the LH B/I ratio was significantly lower in the impotent men throughout the observation period [11.4 +/- 2.0 (+/-SE) vs. 26.0 +/- 3.2 mIU/mL (IU/L) and 1.4 +/- 0.2 vs. 5.4 +/- 0.6; P less than 0.05 and P less than 0.02, respectively]. The B-LH pulse amplitude in the impotent men was reduced [mean peak LH, 8.6 +/- 0.3 vs. 25.3 +/- 4.0 mIU/mL (IU/L); P less than 0.05], while the LH pulse frequency was similar in the two groups. The median intrapulse LH B/I ratios were significantly higher than the median interpulse ratios in both impotent (P = 0.02) and normal men (P = 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMed1988

[Elements for an analysis of psychosocial indicators and psychological intervention in heart transplantation].

It is now accepted that cardiac transplantation is a viable therapeutic alternative for patients with end-stage heart disease. The most recent data offer a favourable short and medium term prognosis. Retrospective studies suggest that transplantation is associated with a good quality of life and tolerance of the side effects of the medication. Even if cardiac transplantation does not appear to be associated with serious psychological morbidity, it is important to assess the recipient's anxiety, depression, body image and his subjective quality of life, including satisfaction with his family and marital life, to prevent postoperative psychologic distress and enhance the patient's coping abilities. The family is the patient's chief buffer against stress but it is also under stress and needs to be aided through this process. The psychosocial themes that appear prominently at the different stages of the transplant process are somewhat predictable. These can be used to help the patient and family anticipate stress and deal with these issues in a way that enhances mastery of a difficult situation. The heart transplant team faces difficult ethical issues regarding patient selection and informed consent. Public input on these issues is needed, especially since more patients elect to receive heart transplants and the donor supply is likely to remain the same, thereby making donor hearts less available to those who could derive benefit from them.

Family↗

PubMed1988

The activity of antistaphylococcal drugs on nosocomial Staphylococcus epidermidis.

In reporting on the activity of cephalothin, cefamandole, FCE 22101, gentamicin, netilmicin, amikacin, rifampicin, clindamycin, josamycin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, vancomycin and teicoplanin on 72 Staphylococcus epidermidis strains clinically isolated in the hospital, the Authors observed a high percentage of methicillin-resistance (68.05%) as well as resistance to other important drugs such as gentamicin (72.22%), rifampicin (27.7%), clindamycin (36.1%), and josamycin (40.27%). They also recorded good inhibitory activity of the studied beta-lactam drugs. However, this activity was not confirmed against methicillin-resistant strains when the test was performed under particular technical conditions (hypertonic medium, incubation at 30 degrees C, inoculum = 10(6)). The Authors also emphasize the poor bactericidal activity against these strains. The activity of quinolones was good; the activity of vancomycin and teicoplanin was very good on all strains studied.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed1988

Microbiological indications for the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus infections.

The Authors report microbiological data on the inhibitory activity of cephalothin, cefamandole, FCE 22101, gentamicin, netilmicin, amikacin, rifampicin, clindamycin, josamycin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, vancomycin and teicoplanin against 165 clinically isolated Staphylococcus aureus strains. 34 of the study strains, i.e. 20.6%, were methicillin- and oxacillin-resistant. The activity of the tested drugs was good; the presence of nosocomial strains resistant to rifampicin (12.13%), clindamycin (13.94%), josamycin (18.2%), ofloxacin (4.85%), ciprofloxacin (12.7%), gentamicin (27.3%), amikacin (9.7%), netilmicin (7.9%) was noted. The Authors emphasize the good inhibitory activity of tested beta-lactam drugs against methicillin-sensitive Staphylococci, but also the limits of these drugs against methicillin-resistant strains. The activity of vancomycin and teicoplanin on all study strains was very good.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed1988

In vitro activity of sulbactam/ampicillin and ampicillin against methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis.

Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of ampicillin and ampicillin + sulbactam (1:1) against 165 strains of Staphylococcus aureus and 72 strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis have been evaluated. The activity of the combination was very good. A concentration of 16 micrograms/ml + 16 micrograms/ml inhibited 96.9% of S. aureus and the 100% of S. epidermidis strains (at the same concentration ampicillin alone inhibited only 55.15% and 56.9% of S. aureus and S. epidermidis strains respectively). Activity against methicillin-resistant S. aureus (14.5%) was poor, whereas against methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis (67.2%) the combination maintained high efficacy.

Ampicillin↗

PubMed1988

Activity of xibornol against Staphylococcus aureus.

The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and the minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBC) of xibornol against 100 strains of Staphylococcus aureus, clinically isolated, have been evaluated. Xibornol has shown very good in vitro activity and a significant uniformity of the results. In fact the inhibitory and bactericidal activity range was between 2 micrograms/ml and 8 micrograms/ml.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗