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Biomedical subjects

A F Hood

Publications and source records attributed to A F Hood.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Histologic evaluation of preauricular and postauricular human skin after high-energy, short-pulse carbon dioxide laser.

BACKGROUND: Despite its growing use in dermatalogic surgery, the effects of high-energy, short-pulse carbon dioxide laser on human skin have not been well documented. OBJECTIVES: To study the histologic effects of this high-energy, short-pulse CO2 laser on human skin and to compare these changes with the effects of standard chemexfoliation procedures. OBSERVATIONS: Twenty-four hours after laser administration, there was extensive epidermal necrosis and coagulative change in the superficial papillary dermis. With increasing doses of laser energy, there was a statistically significant increase in the depth of dermal wounding (P<.001 for days 1 and 3, F-test). Reepithelialization occurred in most specimens by day 3. By day 90, most specimens showed a subepidermal dermal repair zone consisting of compact new collagen fibers overlying collagen with evidence of solar elastosis. CONCLUSION: This high-energy, short-pulse CO2 laser produces morphologic changes similar to those seen with medium-depth chemical peels. This laser can ablate skin precisely and bloodlessly with little interference in the wound healing process, suggesting that it may serve as an alternative treatment for photoaged skin.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1996

The utility of submitting fibroepithelial polyps for histological examination.

BACKGROUND: The fibroepithelial polyp (FEP) is a common cutaneous lesion that is often removed for medical or cosmetic reasons. We examined the utility of submitting clinically diagnosed FEPs for routine microscopic examination. DESIGN: We reviewed 11500 consecutive cutaneous pathology reports. Materials submitted with the clinical diagnosis of FEP or a synonym were reviewed and the histopathologic slides were examined. A comparison group of specimens submitted with the clinical diagnosis of melanocytic nevus was reviewed. SETTING: The biopsy reports were generated at a regional non-hospital-based dermatopathology laboratory providing service to physicians (dermatologists and nondermatologists) practicing ambulatory medicine predominantly within a 4-state region (Ind, Ky, Tenn, and WVa). RESULTS: Of 1335 clinical specimens submitted as FEPs, there were 5 malignant tumors. In the comparison group of 697 clinically diagnosed melanocytic nevi, there were 6 malignant tumors. In comparison with clinically diagnosed melanocytic nevi, the likelihood that a lesion clinically diagnosed as FEP would be a malignant tumor on histological examination is very low (relative risk, 0.4). None of the lesions clinically diagnosed as FEPs by dermatologists proved to be malignant. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest there is an extremely low prevalence of malignancy in lesions clinically diagnosed as FEPs. We conclude that cutaneous lesions diagnosed as typical FEPs by dermatologists need not be submitted for microscopic examination.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1995

Recurrent palmoplantar hidradenitis in children.

BACKGROUND: There are several reports of tender, erythematous plantar nodules occurring in pediatric patients. Despite similar morphological features, the histologic findings in these lesions have been quite diverse. A new entity called idiopathic plantar hidradenitis (also termed neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis in children), which is characterized by tender, red nodules on the feet and unique histopathologic features, was recently described. OBSERVATIONS: We describe two children with these unusual cutaneous lesions and histopathologic findings and compare them with patients with idiopathic plantar hidradenitis. Our patients, in contrast to those with idiopathic plantar hidradenitis, had involvement of the palms as well as the soles. Both children had self-limited recurrent lesions; in one child, the lesions were associated with low-grade fever. Biopsy specimen findings in both cases demonstrated dense neutrophilic infiltrates localized to the eccrine units. CONCLUSIONS: Our patients had clinical and histologic findings similar to those recently reported as idiopathic plantar hidradenitis (neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis in children). Because palms and soles can be affected and the lesions typically recur, we suggest that this condition be referred to as recurrent palmoplantar hidradenitis.

Child↗
PubMed1994

Evaluation of an interactive computer video tutorial on malignant melanoma.

We evaluated medical student reaction to a computer-assisted interactive tutorial on malignant melanoma, a pigmented skin cancer. The tutorial was programmed for use with IBM Infowindow Touchscreen systems which integrate full-color video images from laser videodisc with text and graphics from a personal computer. Second-year medical students at the Medical College of Virginia responded to a questionnaire and rated both the content and the process of learning with this method more highly than presentation of similar content from textbooks.

Attitude↗
PubMed1993

Kaposi sarcoma.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1993

Cutaneous giant cell hyalin angiopathy.

Giant cell hyalin angiopathy (GCHA) is an unusual histologic finding associated with inflammation. The lesion has previously only been reported intraorally and is usually preceded by trauma. We report the first case of cutaneous GCHA. The eosinophilic, amorphous material (so-called "hyalin") stained for light chain products, suggesting that their deposition resulted from a reactive process associated with inflammation.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Histologic comparison of autologous graft-vs-host reaction and cutaneous eruption of lymphocyte recovery.

BACKGROUND AND DESIGN: The cutaneous eruptions due to allogeneic graft-vs-host disease, autologous graft-vs-host disease, and lymphocyte recovery occur in the setting of peripheral leukocyte reconstitution after marrow aplasia. Since the eruptions of lymphocyte recovery (ELR) and autologous graft-vs-host disease develop in the presence of histocompatibility, we question whether reliable histologic differentiation is possible. To this end, we performed a retrospective, blind analysis of 38 skin biopsy specimens obtained from patients who received autologous marrow transplants or intensive chemotherapy alone for various malignant neoplasms. RESULTS: In 31% of the cases, we were unable to distinguish between an ELR and a grade 2 graft-vs-host reaction. In 40% of the ELR specimens, a significant number of dyskeratotic keratinocytes were present, leading to the false interpretation of a grade 2 graft-vs-host reaction. Satellite cell necrosis was observed in both groups. The patterns of dyskeratotic keratinocytes were similar; one ELR specimen displayed prominent follicular involvement. Most ELR specimens were consistent with grade 1 graft-vs-host reaction changes. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that the presence of dyskeratotic keratinocytes is not specific for a graft-vs-host reaction and that cutaneous eruptions after autologous marrow transplantation are best considered an ELR.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Benign vulvar tumors.

Benign tumors and "dark lesions" accounted for 22% of vulvar disease seen in the Vulvar Clinic at the Milwaukee County Medical Complex over an 8-year period. Biopsy confirmation was obtained for 269 lesions. The order of frequency of lesions in this study was as follows: epidermal inclusion cyst, lentigo, Bartholin's duct obstruction, carcinoma in situ, melanocytic nevi, acrochordon, mucous cyst, hemangiomas, postinflammatory hyperpigmentation, seborrheic keratoses, varicosities, hidradenomas, verruca, basal cell carcinoma, and, last, unusual tumors such as neurofibromas, ectopic tissue, syringomas, and abscesses. The variability in clinical appearance of vulvar tumors suggests that biopsy confirmation should be obtained on all lesions for which there is the least doubt regarding the diagnosis.

Adenoma, Sweat Gland↗
PubMed1991

Discrete pigmentation after chemotherapy.

Discrete areas of cutaneous hyperpigmentation were seen in two children with metastatic sarcoma who received chemotherapeutic bone marrow ablation with cyclophosphamide, etoposide, and carboplatin prior to autologous bone marrow transplantation. The hyperpigmented patches occurred only in areas of skin occluded by tape, electrocardiogram pads, or elastic bandages. Identical skin findings were reported in five adult women who received intravenous thiotepa and cyclophosphamide. Measurable levels of thiotepa were detected in these patients' serum, skin, sweat, and occluded gauze, suggesting that the chemical was excreted onto the skin surface in sweat and accumulated under occlusive dressing, thus producing some toxic effect on the epidermis or melanocytes resulting in abnormal pigmentation. We suspect that a similar mechanism was operative in our patients to produce the unusual patterned hyperpigmentation, and suggest that this complication may be prevented by minimizing sweat accumulation in areas occluded by adhesive materials.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Endothelial expression of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1) is unaffected by marrow aplasia-inducing chemotherapy.

Sequential skin biopsies were obtained from five patients receiving chemotherapy for acute myelocytic leukemia. The first specimen was taken on the fourth day of initial chemotherapy and subsequent specimens were obtained at weekly intervals thereafter, until discharge. In all cases, clinically normal skin was selected as the biopsy site. A panel of monoclonal antibodies was applied to frozen tissue sections, including anti-intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), anti-lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1), and anti-HLA-DR. Bound antibody was detected using the avidin-biotin complex method. Endothelial cell expression of ICAM-1 and lymphocyte expression of LFA-1 were unaffected over the course of the ensuing, profound marrow aplasia. This finding suggests that this mechanism of lymphocyte trafficking in the skin remains operational despite the administration of antileukemic agents.

Amsacrine↗
PubMed1991

Intravenous administration of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor causes a cutaneous eruption.

The intravenous administration of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor to three patients with leukemia who were receiving marrow aplasia-inducing chemotherapy resulted in the development of wide-spread erythematous macules and papules. The course of the eruption paralleled the time of infusion of the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Skin biopsy specimens taken from two of the eruptions displayed characteristic changes consisting of a variable mixture of granulocytes and lymphocytes, increased number and size of dermal macrophages, mild to moderate epidermal exocytosis, intercellular edema, and rare dyskeratotic keratinocytes. Immunophenotypic analysis of one specimen was notable for keratinocyte intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression. Administration of the recombinant human cytokine in pharmacologic doses is postulated to induce changes in the immunologic status of the skin, resulting in the expression of a cutaneous eruption.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Interleukin 2 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor induce a perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate in a skin explant model.

Cutaneous eruptions displaying perivascular inflammatory cell infiltrates histologically may develop with the intravenous administration of cytokines. Similar findings are seen spontaneously in some patients on recovery of peripheral blood lymphocytes after profound marrow aplasia. To investigate the production of a cutaneous perivascular infiltrate further, the ability of several cytokines to induce a perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate was studied in vitro using a skin explant model. A skin biopsy specimen obtained at the time of peripheral blood lymphocyte recovery after chemotherapy-induced marrow aplasia (n = 10) was divided and incubated for 3 days with and without a series of cytokines plus various peripheral blood mononuclear cell populations. Skin incubated with interleukin 2 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor induced a perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate, while control samples did not. Immunophenotypic analysis revealed that the lymphocytes were predominantly CD3+/CD4+. An infiltrate was not observed when skin was incubated with cytokines alone, without the addition of simultaneously isolated peripheral lymphocytes. A perivascular pattern was not observed with the addition of interferon gamma. Only interferon gamma induced keratinocyte intercellular adhesion molecule 1 expression in experimental tissue. Certain cytokines that affect a range of cell types are capable of inducing a common cutaneous histologic pattern, the perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate.

Adult↗