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Biomedical subjects

A Eviatar

Publications and source records attributed to A Eviatar.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1989

Repair of nasal septal perforations with tragal cartilage and perichondrium grafts.

Indications for repair of nasal septum perforations include excessive crusting, recurrent bleeding, whistling, and pain. Large subtotal perforations usually are less symptomatic, but smaller defects (less than 1 cm) may need repair. Tragal cartilage with perichondrium autograft was used to repair these perforations. After the septal defect was debrided, this free graft was harvested and used to fill the defect. This technique was attempted in ten patients with septal perforations, none secondary to systemic illnesses. Nine of these patients had successful closure of their perforations.

Cartilage↗
PubMed1983

Cholesteatoma induced by stapedectomy.

A case of cholesteatoma induced by stapedectomy is reported. A year after a successful stapedectomy, the wire prosthesis extruded in part through the eardrum. Exploration revealed a cholesteatoma around the prosthesis down to the oval window. The cholesteatoma was removed and the prosthesis replaced. The patient returned for further exploratory surgery 15 months later when the prosthesis extruded again, this time due to necrosis of the distal part of the long process of the incus. There was no return of cholesteatoma. A new prosthesis was crimped on the incudal stump and covered with tragal cartilage and perichondrium. A two-year follow-up was uneventful.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Post-traumatic facial nerve paralysis: three cases of delayed temporal bone exploration with recovery.

No consensus exists today on the management of immediate-onset post-traumatic facial nerve paralysis. Controversy surrounds the timing of surgical intervention and the role of electrophysiologic testing. Three patients are presented who sustained immediate, complete facial paralysis following closed head trauma. They did not have prompt facial nerve decompression. In each case, electroneurography and electromyography showed complete nerve degeneration and denervated muscle. Despite the results of the electrophysiologic tests, all patients underwent late surgical decompression of the nerve: one at 2 1/2 months, one at 3 months, and one as late as 14 months after injury. They all had good recovery of facial function within 6 months of surgery. Early surgical intervention has been advocated in post-traumatic facial nerve paralysis if any benefit is to be gained. It is thought that late surgical intervention is unlikely to yield further improvement in the facial nerve function. Experience with these cases suggests that surgical exploration of the facial nerve is indicated at anytime, as it may be beneficial even in very old injuries. The prognostic value of electroneurography and electromyography in determining facial nerve recovery and in deciding upon facial nerve surgery is questioned.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

The effect of alcohol on central auditory processing (comparison with marihuana).

Twelve subjects between the ages of 23 and 62 were tested for changes in hearing acuity and dicrimination after ingestion of four ounces of vodka (80 U.S. proof = 40 per cent ethyl alcohol). As compared with their own pre-alcohol ingestion test results, these subjects revealed, 1) a decrease in discrimination of speech on CID W22 lists under difficult listening conditions, (in quite at 10 dB SL and in noise at a signal-to-noise ratio of -6); and 2) a decrease in performance on a filtered speech test low-pass, high-pass, and binaural fusion. The staggered spondaic word test was moderately affected only in one of the 12 subjects. Pure toe thresholds, speech reception thresholds, and speech discrimination, at 40 dB SL were not influenced. It was concluded that alcohol ingestion in moderate amounts alters the central auditory processing under difficult listening conditions. When compared with a previous study using marihuana, it was found that the discrimination ability was reduced by alcohol ingestion while marihuana significantly improved speech discrimination.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Development of nystagmus in response to vestibular stimulation in infants.

Nystagmus in response to perotatory stimulation by torsion swing or ice-cold caloric (ICC) irrigation of the ear canals was studied in 276 infants from birth to 12 months of age. The percentage of positive responses to perotatory stimulation correlated with gestational age and weight at birth during the first 3 months of life and became comparable among groups by 6 months of age. The quality of perotatory nystagmus did not differ among groups. A direct correlation between the caloric-induced intensity and duration of nystagmus with gestational age and weight at birth was noted during the first 3 months of life. Premature infants showed the weakest responses, and term-delivered, large for gestational age children the strongest responses. ICC-induced nystagmus reached comparable levels for all groups by 6 months except for premature infants, in whom comparable responses were attainedby 9 months of age. Vestibular responses mature over time, with patterns that correlate with gestational age and weight at birth.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1979

Chemodectoma in the mid-thyroid region.

A chemodectoma (non-chromafin paraganglioma), which presented as a neck mass in the mid-thyroid region, is reported in a 36 year old female. Clinically, it resembled a thyroglossal duct cyst and on frozen section it looked like a thyroid adenoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

The normal nystagmic response of infants to caloric and perrotatory stimulation.

Infants (276) were tested with perrotatory and caloric vestibular stimulation at 3-month intervals, from birth till 12 months of age and at 6-month intervals from 12 to 24 months. They were grouped by gestational age and weight at birth. Statistical analyses of the various features of the nystagmus obtained at different ages were performed. Premature and low weight infants were found to have the longest latency and smallest frequency, amplitude and speed of slow component during the first 6 months. As they matured, the latency of response became shorter while the other parameters increased. Complete maturation of responses was attained in all infants within 6 to 12 months of age. Standards for normal vestibular responses in infants up to 24 months of age are set in this study.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1978

Tragal perichondrium and cartilage in reconstructive ear surgery.

Two hundred and fifty-five ear operations using tragal perichondrium and cartilage for reconstruction are presented. Of these, 108 were myringoplasties, 137 were tympanoplasties with ossicular reconstruction performed by nine different methods, and 10 were tympanoplasties with reconstruction of posterior canal wall defects left by radical mastoid surgery. The method presented in this study of using the tragal perichondrial graft is well suited for myringoplasty and can be used where the drum remnant is very small or the anulus is missing. The natural angle of the tragal perichondrium can take the place of the missing anulus anteriorly, inferiorly or posteriorly. Myringoplasty graft survival at one year follow-up was 92%, and 76% had hearing within 10 db of bone conduction. In tympanoplasty, the tragal perichondrium was used en bloc with its cartilage for reconstruction of the ossicular chain where suited. The malleus was used to reconstruct the ossicular chain in different variations. Other methods used are fully described. At one year follow-up the rate of grafting success for tympanoplasties was 91%, and 78% had hearing within 10 db of bone conduction. A method for reconstruction of the posterior canal wall and tympanoplasty after radical mastoidectomy is presented. It uses tragal cartilage and perichondrium en bloc. At one year follow-up, eight of ten cases operated on by this method had an intact drum and posterior canal wall, one had an intact drum but the posterior canal collapsed into the mastoid, and one had an intact canal wall but the eardrum re-perforated. Nine had postoperative hearing within 10 db of bone conduction. A randomly selected group of 100 tympanoplasties was examined for postoperative gain in hearing according to the speech reception threshold, a more practical criterion of surgical success than 10 db air-bone gap. Although the total number showing improvement was similar to the number gaining hearing within 10 db of pure tone bone conduction (76% vs. 78%), when changes of 5 db were discounted, only 56% were improved (and 33% had a significant gain in hearing).

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Vertigo in children: differential diagnosis and treatment.

A study of vertigo in 50 children showed that a careful neurological examination should be performed for all patients. A detailed family and personal history to find possible episodes of loss of consciousness or seizures should be obtained; 13 children with vertiginous seizures had a positive family history for seizures and 5 had febrile seizures in infancy. Electroencephalograms should be obtained in all instances of vertigo occurrence.

Adolescent↗