Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

A Esposito

Publications and source records attributed to A Esposito.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Fluoride availability in human saliva after dentifrice use: correlation with anticaries effects in rats.

Studies were conducted to determine fluoride availability in saliva after dentifrice use and to relate this parameter to cariostatic efficacy in rat caries experiments. Three dentifrices--two commercial formulations (Colgate Winterfresh Gel and Crest Dentifrice with Na-Sr-polyacrylate) and an Experimental dentifrice--were compared with respect to salivary fluoride availability. All of the dentifrices tested contained 1100 ppm F as sodium fluoride. It was observed that the Experimental dentifrice and Crest dentifrice with Sr-polyacrylate exhibited low salivary fluoride availability relative to the Colgate Winterfresh Gel. Salivary fluoride availability was assessed by means of two parameters: (a) the fluoride concentration in the dentifrice saliva slurry expectorated after brushing, and (b) the area under the curve of salivary F concentration vs. time for up to two hours after dentifrice use. In two rat caries experiments, it was observed that both the Experimental dentifrice and the Sr-polyacrylate dentifrice provided less cariostatic efficacy than the clinically validated Positive Control (Colgate Winterfesh Gel). Analysis of these data provides further evidence in support of the concept that fluoride availability in saliva following dentifrice use is an important parameter related to anticaries efficacy.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1992

Regional surgery in advanced ovarian carcinoma.

Regional surgery can be defined as "the maximum cytoreduction of all macroscopic tumors developing in the abdominal cavity". The Authors present their experiences with this difficult technique and conclude that regional surgery can improve prognosis.

Female↗
PubMed1991

113Cd nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) study of the inhibitory effect of methylvinylether/maleic acid (PVM/MA) copolymer on the alkaline phosphatase of Escherichia coli.

The inhibitory effect of PVM/MA copolymer on the alkaline phosphatase (AP) of E. coli was investigated. Kinetic studies indicated that enzyme inhibition was characterized by a reduction in both the Vmax and the Km. Addition of 1 mM zinc or magnesium ions to the reaction prevented inhibition of the enzyme by the copolymer. The inhibitory effect of the copolymer on alkaline phosphatase was also investigated using 113Cd NMR after exchange of the active center metal ions with 113Cd. The resulting Cd(II)6AP exhibited characteristic 113Cd resonances reflecting the environment of the A, B, and C metal binding sites of the enzyme's active center. Addition of copolymer resulted in a 113Cd NMR spectrum which indicated removal of 113Cd from the C site and formation of two distinct forms of the enzyme. Possible explanations for the 113Cd NMR results are discussed.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1991

[Possibility of prenatal ultrasonic diagnosis of growth defects in fetal long bones. Report of a case].

Recent advances in echographic diagnosis and its application during the first three months of pregnancy provide a direct method for assessment in both normal and pathological pregnancies. Given their frequency, the study was focused on the congenital structural anomalies of fetal limbs. The possibility of the repetition of these malformations in the same patient is very high, ranging from 2-25%. It is therefore extremely important to use echographic monitoring during pregnancy in order to observe and measure with great precision the lengths of the limbs and individual bones in fetuses at risk at an early stage of their development.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

In vitro and in vivo anticalculus effects of a triclosan/copolymer system.

The effect of PVM/MA copolymer on hydroxyapatite crystal growth in vitro at 37 degrees C was evaluated. The copolymer provided a 50% inhibition of the growth rate at 35 ppm for 220 minutes. The polymer adsorbed to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite disks and the adsorption was time and concentration dependent. Under exaggerated in vitro conditions, the copolymer did not etch or damage enamel surfaces at pH 5.5 and 7.5. It was highly effective against calculus formation in rats when applied topically yielding a 54% reduction (P less than or equal to 0.01). In beagle dogs, it reduced calculus formation significantly (P = 0.06) over a period of 24 to 28 weeks when applied topically either as a rinse or toothpaste. Collectively, the data indicated that the copolymer was an effective anticalculus agent when applied topically, in the presence of triclosan.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1990

Unchanging cardiac activity while increasing respiratory activity at the start of exercise in man: a beat-by-beat analysis by means of the impedance cardiography method.

Both respiratory and cardiodynamic parameters were analyzed (the latter non invasively by means of a computerized impedance cardiograph) in 6 subjects at the start of voluntary dorsal ankle flexions. Increased mean inspiratory flow with a slow reduction in end tidal PCO2 was shown in the breath following the start of movements, and these findings indicate the nervous origin of this hyperventilation. Within the same breath, left cardiac output, stroke volume and ventricular ejection time remained unchanged, and the same is true of heart rate and ventricular performance indexes depending on both the first derivative of the base thoracic electrical bioimpedance and on the mean left ventricle ejection flow, as well as in the systemic venous return index depending on the basal value of the thoracic impedance. These results, indicating that no cardiodynamic intervention in the neurogenic hyperventilation was seen, show that nervous stimuli elicited at the start of voluntary exercise may exert a direct action on respiratory control structures.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Thrombocytopenia with bilateral absence of the radius (TAR syndrome). Reports of 2 clinical cases].

Thrombocytopenia with bilateral absent radii (TAR syndrome) is a hereditary condition with a recessive autosomic character. It is characterised by a series of hematological, skeletal and cardiac alterations, and also by various clinical manifestations. The frequency of this syndrome is very low. During the first months of life, prognosis is related to the severity of hemorrhage, but it improves after two years. Diagnosis is at times complex owing to the similarity between this and other syndromes. Therapy, especially during the first year of life, is based on blood transfusion. The paper describes clinical findings in two subjects admitted to the Istituto di Clinica Pediatrica. The two cases presented diverse degrees of hematological and skeletal involvement and followed different clinical evolutions.

Female↗
PubMed1989

Effectiveness of steroid therapy in different stages of membranous nephropathy.

The published studies on histological staging and response to steroid therapy of membranous glomerulonephritis are not consistent. We analysed data from 25 adult patients with stage I (group 1, n = 7) and stage II (group 2, n = 18) disease. The interval between clinical onset and admission was similar in the two groups. At admission all patients had normal creatinine clearance; proteinuria averaged 5.4 +/- 4.0 in group 1 and 9.0 +/- 4.0 in group 2 (g/day per 100 ml GFR). All patients received 6 months steroid therapy (months 1-2, 1 mg/kg b.w. per day; month 3-5: 0.65 mg/kg b.w. e.o.d.; month 6, tapering). After this cycle of steroid therapy, proteinuria declined by 84% in group 1 (five patients being in partial remission, i.e. 0.4-2 g/day, and two patients in complete remission, i.e. less than or equal to 0.3 g/day) and by 47% in group 2 (two patients being in complete remission and six in partial remission). Only 1 patient in group 1 relapsed with nephrotic proteinuria after 36 months, and renal function was still normal in all patients at the most recent follow-up (59 +/- 32 months). In contrast, 14 patients in group 2 had nephrotic syndrome and seven renal insufficiency at the most recent follow-up. We conclude that short-term steroid therapy is effective only in patients with early membranous changes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Reliability of a single urine culture in establishing diagnosis of asymptomatic bacteriuria in adult males.

Fifty-nine asymptomatic men without catheters of ileal-loop bladders, who were attending a urology clinic and were incidentally discovered to have 100,000 or more Enterobacteriaceae per ml ("significant bacteriuria") in a clean voided urine sample, were prospectively evaluated. To identify these 59 patients, 5,876 urine samples, collected exclusively from men, had been subjected to quantitation and identification. A repeat urine culture performed on these patients invariably confirmed the results of the initial culture. The reproducibility of a single urine culture containing significant bacteriuria occurred independently of the tissue source of infection, as determined by the antibody-coated-bacteria immunofluorescence test. We conclude that a single urine culture obtained from a cooperative man can establish the diagnosis of asymptomatic bacteriuria.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Embryotoxic and teratogenic effects of styrene derivatives on sea urchin development.

The effects of styrene and some of its derivatives on the fertilization and differentiation of sea urchins was investigated. When one of the gametes was pretreated for a few minutes, it was ascertained that the test substances act on the haploid nucleus, producing specific changes in the differentiation of the embryo. By this test system directly acting, weak mutagens may be detected.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Fever of unknown origin: attempts to isolate L-forms and other aberrant bacterial forms.

An investigation was conducted with 65 selected febrile patients, 33 of whom fulfilled in all respects the classic criteria of "fever of unknown origin." Clinical evaluation included extensive radiological and immunological testing. Multiple blood cultures were examined by conventional methods in control studies. In addition, venous blood was cultured in a variety of hyperosmolar media using the special techniques used to detect L-forms and other cell wall-defective bacterial forms. By the extensive methods used, no bacterial forms were isolated. The use of media containing osmotic stabilizers did not detect L-forms or other aberrant bacterial forms, nor did it contribute to the determination of the etiology of fever of unknown origin in these patients.

Bacteria↗