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Biomedical subjects

A Escousse

Publications and source records attributed to A Escousse.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Influence of frusemide on cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (II) pharmaco-kinetics.

Cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (CDDP) pharmacokinetics were evaluated in eighteen patients with cancer who received 80 mg/m2 CDDP as a 20 min infusion. One hour before, 10 of them had 20 mg/m2 frusemide. Fifteen blood samples and fifteen urine samples were collected over the 5 hours following the infusion of CDDP. Platinum was assayed by flameless atomic absorption. The data did not detect any difference between patients with or without frusemide for the following platinum parameters: plasma concentration, urinary concentration, cumulative urinary excretion, renal clearance. These results suggest that frusemide has no influence upon cisplatin (CDDP) pharmacokinetics and if it protects the kidneys, it is not via kinetic modifications.

Cisplatin↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nutritional factors of microsomal enzymatic induction: influence of lipidic components of the diet.

We compared the ability of two different diets containing 6 per cent of maize oil and 6 per cent of fish oil to modify: firstly the enzyme induction by phenobarbital and secondly the phenobarbital hydroxylation by the liver either in vivo or during in vitro perfusions. The presence of fish oil in the diet increased the cyt P 450 content and the bilirubin glucuronosyl transferase activity. The two induction effects promoted by the association of the phenobarbital treatment and the eating of the fish oil were not additive and it was found that the phenobarbital induction effect was decreased by the fish oil consumption. Phenobarbital and p-hydroxyphenobarbital kinetics were different in the two groups of animals. Phenobarbital was more slowly eluted in the fish oil fed than in the maize oil fed rats while p-hydroxyphenobarbital was more slowly eluted by the fish oil-fed rat livers.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Retrospective of national pharmacovigilance surveys on drug-induced bullous, vesicular eruptions: methods and results ].

UNLABELLED: The academic interest for pharmacovigilance appears to be very low, because of the judged weakness of a "significant" relationship between drug utilisation and pathological events. We have tried to collect the relevant surveys of the French pharmacovigilance network on cutaneous toxic reactions to show the use of this work for current medical knowledge. This study was limited to the most relevant reports: 1--Cutaneous disorders induced by local reactions to ketoprofen, bufexamac, paracetamol (i.v.) 2--Cutaneous disorders observed in systemic hypersensitivity syndromes: allopurinol, chlormezanone, pristinamycine 3--Photosensitisation (toxicity), including: Individual characteristics of patients Nature of the observed syndromes Induction time and evolution of the disease Imputation and apparent incidence of the cases observed RESULTS: 1--Concerning "contact" dermitis, erythematous skin reactions are the most frequently observed. The causality link is proved in 272 patients of the cases. The mean age of the patients is 40-50 and the induction time from one to ten days. 2--In the hypersensitisation syndromes, severe skin reactions, combined with general reactions (fever), are the most frequently observed. The mean age is 50-60 and the number of serious cases is high (4.5%). 3--Severe burns with bullous skin reactions are observed in phototoxicity cases. The mean age of the patients is 50. Time induction is short (ten days), the cases are frequently serious, but evolution appears good. In conclusion, the synthesis of pharmacovigilance surveys shows the value of this epidemiological approach to drug-induced skin reactions. It is regrettable that the results of this work are not more widely distributed.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Side effects of fibrates (except liver and muscle)].

If the iatrogenic acute muscular syndromes (rhabdomyolysis) and hepatic diseases following hypolipidemic drugs therapy are very well known, the other unwanted effects associated with fibrate therapy are not well established. It is the reason why we have selected, in the computerised data base of side effects from the French Network of "Centres de Pharmacovigilance" organisation, the pathological events associated with fibrate therapy during five years (1985 to 1989) (with exception for the acute muscular and hepatic diseases). The 277 side effects represent 67% of the side effects in which the product is regarded as "suspect" (S). These effects were observed in 132 men (mean age = 57 years) and 145 women (mean age = 61 years). The most frequently encountered products are: fénofibrate (Lipanthyl) for 30%; ciprofibrate (Lipanor); gemfibrozil (Lipur); bézafibrate (Befizal); each for about 10%. The mean doses used were the same that suggested in the french therapeutic dictionary ("Vidal"). The unwanted effects observed were: Skin reactions: 22.8% Blood disturbances (and hemorrhage): 9.8% Gl diseases (pancreatitis), Libido and psychic disturbances, nervous system disorders: about 6% each. All clotting disturbances (5.8%) are interactions with coumarin derivatives. The incidence of serious side effects was low and the recovery very good in 80.9% of cases: no death. In conclusion, the toxicity of fibrates (with exception for rhabdomyolysis and hepatic reaction) appears unimportant: the most frequently observed side effects are skin reactions and blood disturbances (interactions) and rarely nervous system, psychic or libido disturbances. The recovery is good, and the general toxicity of all products appear to be of the same order of magnitude.

Blood Coagulation Disorders↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cyclosporine determinations in heart and liver transplant recipients: comparison of HPLC and FPIA methods on whole blood and plasma.

One hundred and eighty five whole blood samples were analysed for cyclosporine levels by fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 123 came from 4 heart transplant recipients (mean age +/- SD: 47.50 +/- 20.56 years) and 62 from 4 liver transplant recipients (44.50 +/- 16.52 years). FPIA was done on plasma and whole blood in heart transplant recipients, on plasma in the liver recipients. HPLC was always done on whole blood. The results show a good correlation between FPIA on plasma (y) and HPLC (x) in liver recipients (n = 62, r = 0.935, y = 1.23x + 70 ng/ml), slightly worse between FPIA on plasma (y) and HPLC (x) in heart recipients (n = 64, r = 0.610, y = 0.78x + 189 ng/ml) and mediocre for FPIA on whole blood (y) and HPLC (x) in heart recipients (n = 123, r = 0.566, y = 1.35x + 594 ng/ml).

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Erythema multiforme induced by the combination of phenytoin and cerebral irradiation].

The authors report the case of erythema multiforme characterized by its cephalic onset and its rise after association phenytoin and cranial irradiation, for glioblastoma with epileptic fits. Eight similar cases are observed in literature with the same timing. Benign outcome is not always the rule because 2 patients died. This type of reaction being not forseeing, and outcome very varying, we suggest to avoid phenytoin in patients having a cerebral tumor revealed by epilepsy and needing a cranial irradiation.

Brain↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Course of blood creatinine during repeated injections of cisplatin. Influence of drug combinations].

Cisplatin (CDDP) is known to induce nephrotoxicity. In this retrospective study, we have investigated the evolution of plasma creatinine in long term therapy with CDDP. We have studied case history, mode of administration of CDDP and associations with other chemotherapeutic agents or drugs which could potientiate CDDP renal damage (non steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, analgesics, antibiotics, antihypertensive agents, diuretics and contrast media). Mean creatinine concentration versus time rises significantly. This elevation is significantly higher in patients with hypertension, diabete, one functional kidney, or abdominoperineal irradiation. The association with other drugs has not proved a real influence on creatinine evolution.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Drug-induced respiratory complications. Study of 27 cases].

Over 8 1/2 years, we observed 27 patients with drug-induced respiratory disease (DIRD). The inducer drugs were mainly those used in cardiology (9 patients, of whom 8 had amiodarone pneumonitis), in oncology (8 patients), in rheumatology (4 patients; 3 from d-penicillamine and 1 from gold), and in neurology (4 cases from ergoline derivatives). The main pattern of DIRD was a diffuse interstitial lung disease having either a rapid, a slowly progressive or a chronic course. Only the two former patterns offered clearing following withdrawal of the drug. Severe bronchiolitis obliterans from d-penicillamine (2 cases) and pulmonary eosinophilia (2 cases) was also observed. The onset of DIRD occurred earlier, i.e. following shorter periods of drug administration (months), in the acute interstitial lung disease variant, while it occurred after years of drug exposure in subacute and chronic forms. In contrast to other reports, bronchoalveolar lavage lymphocytosis was not a prominent feature in amiodarone pneumonitis. The outcome was favourable in 16 patients; deaths was encountered during the florid phase of DIRD in 3; incapacitating sequelae were noted in 6 patients, leading to subsequent death in 2; the underlying disease accounted for 7 additional deaths. Therefore, DIRD are relatively common, develop often in patients with severe underlying conditions, and interstitial pneumonitis is their pattern of predilection. Amiodarone emerges as a common inducer, and accounted for more cases than all chemotherapeutic agents grouped together in our series.

Adult↗