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Biomedical subjects

A Englund

Publications and source records attributed to A Englund.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

A simplified assay for the specific diagnosis of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria: detection of DAF(CD55)- and HRF20(CD59)- erythrocytes in microtyping cards.

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare disease that is caused by a monoclonal stem cell defect. The affected cells lack the carbohydrate linkage between phosphatidylinositol and a group of membrane proteins of which three protect the cell against complement lysis. The absence of these three proteins, DAF(CD55), C8BP and HRF20(CD59), makes cells from the erythropoiesis, thrombopoiesis and myelopoiesis extensively sensitive to complement attack and affected patients suffer from intravascular hemolysis, thrombosis and increased susceptibility to infections. In this study we describe a swift and specific assay for the detection of CD55- and CD59- erythrocytes, which is suitable for screening of possible PNH patients.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMed1990

Safety evaluation in both short- and long-term treatment of schizophrenia with remoxipride.

Results for laboratory and cardiovascular variables in both short-term (4-6 weeks) and long-term (greater than 6 weeks) double-blind studies in schizophrenic patients consistently showed comparably low incidences of both transient treatment-emergent changes and changes present at last rating for both remoxipride and haloperidol. The total incidence of serious adverse events in the short-term double-blind programme was approximately 2% for both remoxipride and haloperidol. The corresponding figure for remoxipride (n = 434) in long-term treatment was approximately 6%. Compared to those on haloperidol, fewer patients on remoxipride had trough plasma prolactin levels above the normal range in short-term treatment. The results with long-term treatment with remoxipride were similar. Breast swelling and galactorrhoea were infrequent treatment-emergent side effects with either drug. It was impossible to evaluate menstrual disturbance in short-term studies but in long-term use the incidence of treatment-emergent menstrual disorder was low in remoxipride patients. Too few patients continued treatment with haloperidol for a comparative long-term evaluation. Overall, based on the information available at present, remoxipride appears to offer a high degree of safety in both short-term and long-term treatment of schizophrenia.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Nasal and sinonasal cancer. Connection with occupational exposures in Denmark, Finland and Sweden.

A joint Danish-Finnish-Swedish case-referent investigation was initiated in 1977 in order to study the connection between nasal and sinonasal cancer and various occupational exposures. All new cases of nasal and sinonasal cancer were collected from the national cancer registers (Finland and Sweden) or from the hospitals (Denmark). Those still alive who agreed to an interview (N = 167) were individually matched for age and sex with patients with colonic or rectal cancer. A detailed telephone interview was made according to standardized forms. Both cases and referents thought that their condition was the one under study. The exposures were coded blindly by an industrial hygienist. The results showed associations between nasal and sinonasal cancer and exposure to (i) hardwood or mixed wood dust (discordant pairs 14: 2), (ii) softwood dust alone (13:4), (iii) chromium (16: 6), (iv) nickel (12: 5, not significant), (v) welding, flame-cutting and soldering (17: 6), and (vi) lacquers and paints (14: 0). The last finding was probably due to confounding from wood dust exposure. Hardwood dust exposure was associated with adenocarcinoma. Softwood dust exposure alone was associated with epidermoid and anaplastic carcinomas. No associations were found for a number of exposures, including agricultural chemicals, textile dust, asbestos, quartz dust, organic solvents and leather work. Possible exposure to formaldehyde was evenly distributed between the cases and referents.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

Nasal cancer and occupational exposures. Preliminary report of a joint Nordic case-referent study.

Nasal and sinus paranasal cancers have been associated with several occupational exposures, for example, dust from hardwood, nickel and unspecific agents occurring in the boot and shoe industry. A joint Danish-Finnish-Swedish case-referent investigation was initiated in 1977 to study further the connection between nasal and sinus paranasal cancers and various occupational exposures. All new cases of these cancers were collected from the national cancer registers (Finland & Sweden) or from hospitals (Denmark). Those still alive who agreed to the interview (N = 167) were individually matched for age and sex with patients with colonic or rectal cancer. A detailed telephone interview was performed according to a standardized procedure. Both the cases and referents thought that their condition was the one under study. The exposures were coded blindly by an experienced industrial hygienist. The results showed associations between nasal or sinus paranasal cancer and exposure to hardwood or mixed wood dust (discordant pairs 14/2); softwood dust alone (13/4); chromium 16/6); nickel (12/5, not significant); welding, flamecutting, and soldering (17/16); and lacquers and paints (12/0). Hardwood dust exposure showed a connection with adenocarcinoma. Softwood dust exposure alone was associated with epidermoid and anaplastic carcinomas. No associations were found for a number of exposures, including agricultural chemicals, textile dust, asbestos, quartz dust, organic solvents, and leather work. Possible exposure to formaldehyde was evenly distributed between the cases and referents.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Retrospective cohort study of two plants in the Swedish rubber industry.

A cohort of 13,114 workers employed during 1930-1975 in two Swedish plants producing tires and industrial rubber goods was investigated with regard to cancer mortality and cancer incidence. Separate analyses were performed on the following subgroups of the cohort: mixers/weighers, other production workers, and white-collar employees. For all causes of death no increase of risk was observed in the population as a whole. Mixers/weighers showed however an increased overall standardized mortality ratio. The pattern of causes of death was not changed in the total cohort. An increased risk to die from liver cancer (risk ratio 4.12) and pancreatic cancer (risk ratio 2.70) was, however, observed for the category other production workers. An increased risk of death from tumors of the respiratory organs was also observed for the categories other production workers (risk ratio 1.89) and white-collar employees (risk ratio 2.63). For tumors in the urinary bladder (risk ratio 2.50) and for ischemic heart diseases (risk ratio 1.27) the death risk was elevated for the category other production workers. The cancer morbidity pattern showed an increase in malignant melanomas (risk ratio 2.50) for the category other production workers and for lung cancer (risk ratio 2.09), as well as for tumors in the nervous system (risk ratio 3.18) for white-collar employees.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Spin-off cost/benefits of expanded nutritional care.

Eight years ago, in caring for persons with diabetes at Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, priority was given to the use of oral hypoglycemic agents and insulin, with only minimal attention to nutrition. In 1971, an "expanded nutritional care program" was instituted, with emphasis on nutritional education and follow-up. Use of oral agents was discontinued, and, since 1972, less insulin has been used. The new dietary program, with dietitians playing a key role, includes a one-week total fast, stringent low-calorie diets, individualized dietary planning and instruction, and careful follow-up monitoring. Comparative pre-1971 and current data show: a 50 per cent reduction in lower extremity amputations, less diabetic ketoacidosis, fewer hospitalizations, weight reduction of 40 per cent with no increase in plasma glucose (in a 127-patient cohort with complete follow-up), and a savings to the hospital of more than $96,000 in the cost of medications and $3,700,000 in hospitalizations in eight years.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1976

Mortality and cancer morbidity in a group of Swedish VCM and PCV production workers.

The cohort of workers employed in a Swedish vinyl chloride/poly(vinyl chloride) plant since its start in the early 1940's has been followed for mortality and cancer morbidity patterns. Only 21 of the 771 persons could not be traced. Difficulties in establishing exposure levels at different work areas in the past makes an evaluation of dose-effect relationships impossible. A four- to fivefold excess of pancreas/liver tumors was found, including two cases later classified as angiosarcomas of the liver. The number of brain tumors and suicide do not deviate significantly from expected. Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, on the other hand, differ significantly from the expected. The discrepancies between previous reports on VCM/PVC workers and this report are discussed. The possible etiology of the cardiovascular deaths is also discussed.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1976

Recent achievements and research initiated in the Swedish plastics and rubber industry.

The improvement in exposure conditions in the Swedish vinyl chloride producing industry is reported. The article comments on the technology and control methods by which the vinyl chloride concentration has been lowered to less than 1 ppm vinyl chloride. Two epidemiological retrospective cohort studies are presently under way on workers in PVC-utilizing industries and in the rubber industry.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗