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Biomedical subjects

A Engeset

Publications and source records attributed to A Engeset.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Immunologic characteristics of human peripheral lymph cell populations.

Cell populations in afferent lymph of human leg were defined by surface characteristics and cytotoxic activity in 7 normal men and 9 patients with localized cancer. A higher percentage of E-rosette forming cells was found in lymph (78.5 and 83.0) than in blood (60.0 and 63.0 p less than 0.05). The percentages of lymph EA-RFC were 10.3 and 18.0, of EAC-RFC 13.1 and 8.0, of surface immunoglobulin carrying cells 3.0 and 3.1. In blood 20.6 and 18.0 percent of cells formed EA-rosettes, 23.0 and 15.6 EAC-rosettes, 5 and 9.5 contained surface immunoglobulins. The differences between lymph and blood EA- and EAC-RFC in normals were statistically significant (p less than 0.05). In cancer patients only lymph-blood differences for S Ig+ were significant (p less than 0.05). No significant differences were found between normals and cancer patients. In both groups, the natural cytotoxicity against K 562 cells was 6 times lower in lymph as compared to blood (p less than 0.05), the cytotoxicity in those with cancer was higher than in normals (p less than 0.05). The study indicates that B cells have a limited tendency toward leaving the blood circulation and migrating through tissues. Moreover natural killer cells do not seem to belong to the recirculating pool of lymphocytes.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Incidence of 'dry tap' on bone marrow aspirations in lymphomas and carcinomas. Diagnostic value of the small material in the needle.

Of 2907 bone marrow aspirations in patients with various malignancies, 192 or 6.6% exhibited 'dry tap'. In about 80% of the 'dry tap' there was material present inside the bone marrow needle which gave smears useful for evaluation of the bone marrow cytology. About 23% displayed normal cytology. Bone marrow involvement could be diagnosed in 13 out of 55 'dry tap' in Hodgkin's disease, 41 out of 46 in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and lymphosarcoma, 6 out of 20 in reticulum cell sarcoma, 6 out of 9 in myelomatosis and 20 out of 45 in carcinoma. In a material of 174 aspirations with tumour cells in the bone marrow aspirate, the highest incidence of 'dry tap' was found in patients with Hodgkin's disease and patients with carcinoma, the lowest incidence in patients with multiple myeloma.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1979

Time of exchange of 131I-labeled albumin between plasma and peripheral lymph in man.

The passage from blood to peripheral lymph of 131I-labeled human serum albumin has been studied in 6 male patients (30-70 years) with malignancies without metastases. On the first day the concentration of radio-labeled albumin in the blood was kept almost constant by repeated i.v. injections. Lymph was collected continuously from a cannulated subcutaneous lymph vessel on the leg. Two hours after the first i.v. injection of radiolabeled albumin the lymph contained significant amounts of radioactivity in all patients. Equilibrium between radioactivity in blood and lymph was reached after 26 hrs. This indicates a long "wash out time" of unlabeled protein in the interstitial tissue from where lymph has been sampled.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Intrinsic contractility of leg lymphatics in man. Preliminary communication.

Intralymphatic pressures were measured in subcutaneous trunks of 5 randomly selected healthy individuals. Rhythmic pulse waves of different frequency, amplitude of 1-33 mmHg, duration of 6-8 sec and steadily increasing mean pressure up to 50-120 mmHg were found, with subjects in the upright position and motionless. Coincidence of the rhythm of pulse waves with the rhythm of expression of drops of lymph from the cannula strongly suggests that pressures necessary to propel lymph were generated by the contractility of lymph vessel wall.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

A preliminary note on the composition of lymphocytes in human peripheral lymph.

Pilot experiments on the composition of lymphocytes in human peripheral lymph, mainly from healthy human volunteers, are presented. The experiments undertaken so far show a reduced proportion of B cells and an increased proportion of "Ia" positive lymphocytes in peripheral lymph as compared to peripheral blood. If confirmed, these data would suggest that lymphocyte circulation through extravascular subcutaneous tissues is a highly selective process.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Immune proteins and other biochemical constituents of peripheral lymph in patients with malignancy and postirradiation lymphedema.

Concentration of immunoglobulins and complement proteins were studied in a group of 33 patients with localized tumors and lymphoproliferative disorders. Generally, low levels have been found, in many cases below the lowest limit of the control group. The reductions in concentration were more pronounced in patients with lympho-proliferative disorders than with solid tumors. The most reduced were IgM, C1g and total complement hemolytic activity. In a group of 8 patients with lymphedema of lower extremity complicating therapy for uterine cancer an increase of IgM and IgA and decrease in hemolytic activity were found. This indicates to the existence of a chronic inflammatory process, typical for tissues deprived lymphatic outflow.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Distribution of methotrexate between plasma and peripheral lymph in man.

The distribution of methotrexate (MTX) to interstitial fluid has been studied by determination of MTX in peripheral lymph from the leg and in plasma after parenteral administration to 6 patients. Peak concentrations of MTX in lymph appear 0.5 to 3.25 h after peak concentrations in plasma. Maximal concentrations in lymph are 16 to 48% lower than in plasma. MTX concentration ratios lymph/plasma were higher than 1.0 (1.0-2.8) in 4 patients, and lower than 1.0 (0.2-0.8) in 2 patients. 12 to 34% of MTX was protein bound in lymph, but the variation in the ratio of bound to free MTX per g lymph protein was only 0.13 to 0.18. The patients with a lymph/plasma MTX ratio above 1.0 will have high and favourable MTX concentrations for distribution to tumours in peripheral tissue, while in the patients with a low ratio conditions for distribution are less favourable. The results indicate that pharmacokinetics of MTX are in accordance with a two or multicompartment model with varying distribution characteristics. The present observations indicate that distribution of MTX is blood flow limited, but the influence of permeability cannot be excluded.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Capillary transport of immunoglobulins and complement proteins to the interstitial fluid and lymph.

Low concentration of immunoglobulins G, A and M and complement component proteins were found in leg lymph of normal men. The lymph/serum ratios of different proteins ranged from 0.07 to 0.24 and depended on the molecular weight of the measured protein. Major variations in concentration were found dependent on the rate of capillary filtration and lymph formation. Hemolytic activity of total complement and of the 9 components were low, with the L/S ratio from 0.06 to 0.25. The C3H50 in lymph was much lower than of the remainder of components. Remarkably low immune adherence capacity of lymph C was noted.

Capillary Permeability↗
PubMed1978

Haemolytic complement in peripheral lymph of normal men.

The haemolytic activity of nine individual components of complement and the concentrations of C1q, C1s, C4, C3, C3PA and C9 proteins were measured in the leg lymph and serum of four normal men. The mean lymph/serum ratio for total haemolytic complement was 0.257, for C1H50 it was 0.138, for C4H50 0.105, for C2H50 0.279, for C3H50 0.063, for C5H50 0.266, for C6H50 0.145, for C7H50 0.25, for C8H50 0.244 and for C9H50 0.253. The mean lymph/serum ratio for complement proteins was: for C1q 0.048, for C1s 0.06, for C4 0.199, for C3 0.225, for C9 0.244 and for C3PA 0.263. The low haemolytic activity of total complement and of all components in lymph seems to be dependent on the low complement protein concentration. The remarkably low lymph C1q protein concentration may play a physiological role in controlling total complement activity in lymph and interstitial fluid. The total complement haemolytic activity in lymph exceeded the haemolytic activity of C1 and C3, which may indicate the possibility of independent activation of C5-7 and C8-9. The considerably low C3H50 level, with high C3 protein concentration, at present lacks a proper explanation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Twenty-four hour variation in flow and composition of leg lymph in normal men.

The twenty-four hour variation in concentration and output of total protein, lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase has been studied in the peripheral lymph from the legs of 5 healthy volunteers over a period of five days. The highest concentration of these proteins was found in lymph collected during the first two hours after a night's rest. During the day a continuous decrease in concentration occurred without any direct correlation to lymph flow. The variation in lymph protein concentration between early morning and late day was about 40%, lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphate about 90% and 45% respectively.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Flow and composition of leg lymph in normal men during venous stasis, muscular activity and local hyperthermia.

Changes in normal human leg lymph protein concentration, output, and lymph flow/lymph protein concentration relationship, as well as lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase activity were followed during procedures known to increase capillary filtration as venous stasis, muscular exercise and warming of tissues. Lymph flow increased by 83% during two hour ergometer cycling, and by 117% during two hour warm water foot bath. During a two hour period of venous stasis lymph flow dropped by 50%. There was an increase in lymph flow during the rest period following all three types of experiment, most pronounced after foot warming. An inverse relationship between the lymph flow rate and lymph protein concentration was found. Lymph enzymes followed the same pattern of changes as total protein.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Variation in output of leukocytes and erythrocytes in human peripheral lymph during rest and activity.

The output of lymphocytes, monocytes, granulocytes and erythrocytes in peripheral leg lymph from healthy volunteers has been followed during night and everyday activity, during and after venous stasis, ergometer cycling and warm foot bath and during immobilisation in horizontal position over two 24-hour periods. The output of lymphocytes exceeded the output of monocytes and erythrocytes. Granulocytes were not found except immediately after cannulation. The cell output was low during night rest and the horizontal position for 24 hours. After assumption of the upright position the output of lymphocytes increased about 80 times and the output of erythrocytes 40 times probably because of washout of cells accumulated in tissue during rest. During ergometer cycling and venous stasis the output of cells increased and even more in the one hour rest period following this experiment. During venous stasis the output dropped but increased after the stasis had been released. The pattern of variation in lymphocyte, erythrocyte and monocyte output was the same. This indicate that the fluctuation in output depends on variation in blood flow in the tissue. The output of cells during and after heating seems to be dependent also on increased capillary permeability for cells as the output of erythrocytes exceeded the output of lymphocytes. The high erythrocyte/lymphocyte ratio in blood versus a low ratio in lymph shows that these two cell types pass through the capillary wall by different mechanisms.

Adult↗