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Biomedical subjects

A Ellis

Publications and source records attributed to A Ellis.

120 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Effects of methylprednisolone on cardiac lymph in acute myocardial ischemia in dogs.

It has been proposed that administration of pharmacologic doses of glucocorticoids may be beneficial in the setting of acute myocardial ischemia because of their ability to stabilize lysosomal membranes and thereby to prevent the leakage of proteolytic enzymes into the cytoplasm and interstitium. We collected cardiac lymph in anesthetized open-chest dogs in successive 2-h periods and used acid phosphatase as our marker lysosomal enzyme. In group 1 (n=5), we studied the effect of time alone. In these dogs, the total amount of acid phosphatase decreased (P less than 0.05). In group 2 (n=5), methylprednisolone, 30 mg/kg iv, was given. This drug did not change any variable we measured. Ligation of the circumflex coronary artery in group 3 (n=7), produced a significant increase (P less than 0.05) in the amount of acid phosphatase drained from the heart compared to group 1. In the dogs of group 4 (n=5), methylprednisolone did not reduce, and may have augmented, the total amount of acid phosphatase draining from the heart. Thus glucocorticoids do not appear to reduce the amount of acid phosphatase released by the ischemic myocardium into the cardiac lymph.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1971

Superstitions.

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Superstitions↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Localization of the gene for familial adenomatous polyposis on chromosome 5.

Colorectal cancer is the second most common cancer in the United Kingdom and other developed countries in the West. Although it is usually not familial, there is a rare dominantly inherited susceptibility to colon cancer, familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP; also often previously called familial polyposis coli). During adolescence affected individuals develop from a few hundred to over a thousand adenomatous polyps in their large bowel. These are sufficiently likely to give rise to adenocarcinomas to make prophylactic removal of the colon usual in diagnosed FAP individuals. Adenomas may occur elsewhere in the gastrointestinal tract and the condition is often associated with other extracolonic lesions, such as epidermoid cysts, jaw osteomata and fibrous desmoid tumours. Adenomata have been suggested to be precancerous states for most colorectal tumours. Knudson has suggested that the mutation for a dominantly inherited cancer susceptibility may be the first step in a recessive change in the tumour cells, and that the same gene may be involved in both familial and non-familial cases of a given tumour. Following up a case report of an interstitial deletion of chromosome 5 in a mentally retarded individual with multiple developmental abnormalities and FAP, we have now shown that the FAP gene is on chromosome 5, most probably near bands 5q21-q22.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sigmoidoscopy service in a district general hospital: open-access versus hospital-referred.

In a retrospective analysis of open-access versus hospital-referred flexible sigmoidoscopies, the two groups are compared with reference to the demographic data, presenting symptoms, sigmoidoscopy findings and diagnostic yield. Overall, 1090 patients underwent sigmoidoscopy during 12 months, 544 in the open-access and 546 in the hospital-referred group. There was a preponderance of females in both groups, but patients in the hospital-referred group were older. Diarrhoea was the most common presenting symptom, followed by rectal bleeding. Significantly more patients presented with rectal bleeding with or without diarrhoea and abdominal pain in the open-access group, while there were more patients with iron deficiency in the hospital-referred group. The number of patients with colonic carcinoma was similar in the two groups, but significantly more early carcinomas were found in the open-access group. There were significantly more patients with haemorrhoids in the open-access group. The positivity rate was similar in the two groups (52% in the open-access vs 46% in the hospital-referred group). Of the 24% of patients 40 years or under, none had carcinomas. In this age range the positivity rate was no different in the two groups (32% in the open-access vs 23% in the hospital-referred group). The diagnostic yield of open-access flexible sigmoidoscopy is thus comparable to hospital-referred sigmoidoscopy, suggesting that it should be freely available to GPs.

Adult↗