Biomedical subjects

A Ekman

Publications and source records attributed to A Ekman.

47 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

PubMed1989

Dental health, dental health knowledge and behaviour in 14-year-old children of Finnish immigrant families in the north of Sweden.

In this study, dental health in a group of Finnish teenagers from immigrant families is compared to that in a group of matched Swedish teenagers. Knowledge of dental disease and dental health behaviour is also compared. Seventy-seven Finnish and 85 Swedish 14-year-olds were examined for caries, gingivitis, calculus and presence of gingival pockets. They were interviewed about toothbrushing habits, use of fluorides and knowledge regarding dental health. A food habit history was taken. Data were collected concerning individual prophylaxis in the last 36 months. It was also noted whether or not the child met the selection criteria for inclusion in such a programme. The average D1FS (approximal initial lesions included) was 17.4 for the Finnish and 13.8 for the Swedish teenagers. The mean GBI% was 8.5 and 7.0 respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in toothbrushing or flossing frequency or use of fluorides. Between-meal eating of sucrose-containing products was more frequent in the Finnish group. Knowledge about gingivitis was equally good in the two groups, but knowledge about the etiology of dental caries was less good in the Finnish group. Although the Finnish teenagers had received almost twice as many hours of individual prophylaxis as the Swedish, 64% and 76% respectively of those fulfilling the selection criteria had not been offered this kind of pRophylaxis. For about 2/3 of the children in each group the individual prophylaxis given was considered adequate.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1988

The effects of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+) on the efflux and metabolism of endogenous dopamine in rat striatal slices.

1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+) was shown to accumulate concentration-dependently in slices from rat striatum. At 10 microM, MPP+, the tissue concentration was found to be 118 +/- 9 microM following 75 min of incubation. The accumulation of MPP+ was reduced in the presence of 10 microM of the selective dopamine uptake inhibitor GBR 12909 (-50%) or by destruction of the dopaminergic terminals by complete hemisection of the forebrain 4 days before the experiments (-75%). Accumulation of MPP+ in the catecholamine-poor occipital cortex and cerebellum was only 25% of that obtained in striatum. Reserpine pretreatment of the rats in-vivo did not modify the accumulation of MPP+ in the striatal slices. MPP+ (1-10 microM) increased the net efflux of dopamine and reduced the efflux of the dopamine metabolite DOPAC from the striatal slices. The effect on dopamine was readily diminished if MPP+, after a 15 min incubation, was then omitted from the medium. In contrast, the DOPAC efflux was reduced for 75 min even though MPP+ was present in the incubation medium only for the first 15 min. In the presence of the monoamine oxidase inhibitor, pargyline (350 microM), MPP+ also produced an increase in dopamine efflux. In normal medium, the presence of the dopamine uptake inhibitor GBR 12909 (10 microM), or the absence of calcium, failed to modify the MPP+-induced increase in dopamine efflux. MPP+ also increased dopamine efflux from slices from reserpinized rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium↗

PubMed1988

Dental health and dental health behaviour in 8-year-old Finnish immigrant children in the north of Sweden.

The aim was to investigate whether the observed difference in dental health between Finnish immigrant children and Swedish children at ages 4-6 persisted at the age of eight. The study also included knowledge of dental health and dental health behaviour. Dmft, dmfs, DMFT, DMFS and GBI were recorded in 70 Finnish and 97 Swedish children included in an earlier study. The children were interviewed about toothbrushing frequency, use of fluoride and dietary habits. Questions about knowledge of dental health were included. Dmfs and DFS averaged 13.1 and 3.8 for the Finnish children and 8.9 and 2.6 for the Swedish. Only 19% of the Finnish and 28% of the Swedish children had cariesfree permanent teeth. The mean GBI was 7.9% in the Finnish and 5.9% in the Swedish group. More Finnish children had bad or poor dietary habits, with more frequent between-meal eating of sucrose containing products than the Swedish children. There were no statistically significant differences in the use of fluorides or in individual prophylaxis within the last 36 months.

Child↗

PubMed1981

Dental health and parental attitudes in Finnish immigrant preschoolchildren in the north of Sweden.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the dental health of 100 Finnish 4-6-year-old children in Luleå, in the north of Sweden, and to compare data with those from a matched control group of Swedish children of the same age, sex and social background. The study also included attitudes to dental health among the parents. The clinical examination included registration of decayed, extracted and filled teeth and surfaces (deft and defs), gingival bleeding points (GBI) and presence of open bite or crossbite. Posterior bitewings were taken. Data concerning among other things oral habits, dietary habits and fluoride prophylaxis were taken. A questionnaire about the parents' attitudes to their own and their children's dental health as well as their opinion about the dental care received by their children was filled in. The results showed that the average defs in the Finnish group was 12.2 compared to 6.4 in the Swedish group. The percentage of children with a defs greater than 12 was 43% in the Finnish group and 19% in the Swedish. The mean GBI% was 11.2% in the Finnish and 8.2% in the Swedish group. The results showed a statistically significant difference in tooth brushing frequencies between the groups, and a tendency to better dietary habits in the Swedish group. There were no differences in the use of fluoride tablets or fluoridated toothpaste. Forty-seven percent of the Finnish parents were denture wearers compared to 10% of the Swedish. The attitudes to dental health among the Finnish parents differed from those in the Swedish group. This difference in attitudes together with language problems were the factors found that could explain the difference in dental health between the immigrant group and the Swedish group.

Attitude to Health↗

PubMed1978