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Biomedical subjects

A Eklund

Publications and source records attributed to A Eklund.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Is the PiF allele of alpha 1-antitrypsin associated with pulmonary disease?

Pulmonary function was studied in thirteen individuals heterozygous for the alpha 1-antitrypsin allele PiF. Respiratory symptoms were present in seven out of twelve individuals with the FM phenotype, of which five had pulmonary function impairment, mostly of the obstructive type. One patient with the phenotype FZ had bronchitic symptoms and a mild obstructive spirometry pattern. The results suggest a relationship between the PiF allele and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, which is independent of the serum alpha 1-AT level.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Effects of the source of dietary protein on serum lower density lipoprotein (VLDL + LDL) and tocopherol levels in female rats.

The effect of dietary protein on lipid levels of serum and liver and mineral contents of bone tissue was studied in female rats by using 13 semi-purified diets differing with respect to protein source. The diets were characterized with regard to contents of protein, amino acids, fat, crude fiber, phytate, zinc, copper, iron, magnesium, calcium, sodium, potassium, tocopherol and metabolizable energy. Six of the proteins tested were of animal origin and six proteins used were plant proteins. Each diet was fed at a 20% protein, 10% fat level. There was a large variation between groups in the serum content of lower density lipoproteins (VLDL + LDL). Rats fed plant protein diets showed values in a lower range than rats consuming animal protein diets. Triglyceride values showed a similar tendency. A comparison of dietary amino acid composition and blood lipid parameters revealed a significant negative correlation between dietary arginine content and serum VLDL + LDL levels (r = 0.863; P < 0.01). Group differences in total serum cholesterol were also observed. However, this variation was within the same range in animal as well as plant protein diets. Serum tocopherol levels were correlated to the total dietary intakes of tocopherol. No significant trend was observed for the mineral content of bone tissue or for the total lipid content of liver with regard to class of dietary protein. However, all rats fed a blood protein diet developed fatty livers.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Bile acid synthesis and excretion following release of total extrahepatic cholestasis by percutaneous transhepatic drainage.

Urinary, biliary and serum bile acids were studied in three patients before and after percutaneous transhepatic drainage for total bile duct obstruction. Before drainage high urinary excretion of ten different bile acids occurred. The percentage distribution was: cholic and chenodeoxycholic acid (66-86%), hyocholic (3-16%), 3 beta, 12 alpha-dihydroxy-5-cholenoic (3-6%) and 3 beta-hydroxy-5-cholenoic acid (2-8%). These acids were regularly found in serum. In addition small amounts (less than 2%) of norcholic, allocholic, 3 beta, 7 alpha-dihydroxy-5 beta-cholanoic, 3 alpha, 7 alpha-dihydroxy-5 alpha-cholanoic and lithocholic acid were excrete in urine. Trace amounts of these bile acids were found in serum. After start of drainage biliary bile acid excretion increased rapidly during the first day, dropped to a minimum during the second or third day and then slowly increased again. In spite of normal volumes of bile produced, the total serum bile acids and the urinary excretion of bile acids remained increased during a drainage period of 19 days. The bile acids were of the same type as observed during cholestasis. In serum the increase was mainly due to high concentrations of chenodeoxycholic and 3 beta-hydroxy-5-cholenoic acid, as sulphate esters. Glycine and taurine conjugates of cholic, chenodeoxycholic and hyocholic acid were mainly excreted in bile. Bile acid sulphate esters were only present in trace amounts in bile and were mainly excreted in urine. This, combined with low renal clearance, explains the elevated serum levels of sulphate esters of chenodeoxycholic and 3 beta-hydroxy-5-cholenoic acid conjugates.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Levels of minerals, lipoproteins and lipids in plasma, liver and tibia from female rats fed on a zinc-supplemented rapeseed protein diet.

In order to study the effects of a zinc-supplemented dietary rapeseed protein concentrate on the contents of zinc and some other minerals in plasma, liver and bone tissue as well as on the levels of tocopherol, lipoproteins and lipids in plasma and total lipid contents of livers, groups of young female rats were fed for 4-week periods on semi-purified diets containing either rapeseed protein or casein as the sole source of protein at a 20% protein level. Despite normal levels of tissue zinc and plasma proteins, rats on diets and tocopherol in comparison to the casein-fed rats. Rats on rapeseed diet also seemed to have an increased lipid content of the liver possibly indicating a reduced hepatic synthesis or secretion of lipoproteins. In addition the livers of rats fed on rapeseed protein diet showed a reduced iron content.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Determination of urinary cholic and chenodeoxycholic acid conjugates with radioimmunoassay.

Radioimmunoassays were developed for the determination of urinary unsulphated and total cholic and chenodeoxycholic acid conjugates. For the determination of unsulphated bile acid conjugates the urine was assayed directly after adjustment of pH to 7.4. The total conjugates were determined after extraction of the bile acids on an XAD-2 column, solvolysis of the sulphated bile acids and purification on a second XAD-2 column. Comparison of the results obtained using radioimmunoassay with those obtained using gas chromatography on twenty-two urine samples from patients with different types of liver disease and on ten urine samples from healthy subjects indicated a good correlation.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Excretion of bile acids in healthy children and children with cystic fibrosis.

Urinary bile acid excretion was investigated in twenty-two patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and in seven healthy children. CF patients with and without antibiotic treatment were compared. Bile acids were determined in 24-h samples after separation into unconjugated, glycine conjugated, taurine conjugated and sulphate conjugated bile acids. In total twenty bile acids were identified of which cholic, chenodeoxycholic, 3 beta-hydroxy-5-cholenoic acid and 24-nor-5 beta-cholan-23-oic acid were routinely present in samples collected from both CF patients and healthy children. None of the other bile acids were preferentially excreted by CF patients. When compared with the normal group, no statistical significance could be attached to the increased total urinary bile acids excreted by the CF patients (due to the large individual variations). The CF patients excreted increased amounts of cholic acid, 3 alpha, 7 beta, 12 alpha-and 3 beta, 7 beta, 12 alpha-trihydroxy-5 beta-cholanoic acids mainly in the unconjugated state. After administration of 24-[14C]cholic acid to thirteen CF patients the isotope excretion in faeces and urine was studied. Most of the patients had a high faecal excretion indicating great losses of bile acids from enterohepatic circulation. Compared to normal adults CF children excreted isotope in increased amounts in the urine.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Urinary bile acid excretion in correlation to liver histopathology in cystic fibrosis.

Urinary bile acid excretion and liver morphology were compared in 25 patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). None showed clinical signs of liver disease. Most of the patients had normal liver function tests. Bile acids were determined in 24-h samples by a modification of the method of Almé. All patients had increased urinary excretion of trihydroxy bile acids, mainly cholic, 3 beta, 7 beta, 12 alpha- and 3 alpha, 7 beta, 12 alpha-trihydroxy-5 beta-cholanoic acids. Lithocholic acid excretion was lower in CF than in normal children. The urinary excretion of 3 beta-hydroxy-5-cholenoic acid was not increased in CF. In three patients with cirrhosis the urinary excretion of chenodeoxycholic acid was increased. The ratio of cholic to 3 beta-hydroxy-5-cholenoic acids was increased in all but three patients, and the ratio of chenodeoxycholic to 3 beta-hydroxy-5-cholenoic acids was increased in those with cirrhosis. These ratios differed more between cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic CF patients in this series than the ratio of cholic to chenodeoxycholic acids.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Zinc status and serum levels of retinol-binding protein, tocopherol and lower density lipoproteins in male and female rats fed on semi-purified diets containing rapeseed protein or casein.

Experiments were carried out in order to evaluate the effect of various levels of dietary zinc supplementation on the zinc status, growth and contents of retinol-binding protein (RBP), tocopherol and lower density lipoproteins (VLDL + LDL) in serum of rats fed on diets containing rapeseed protein concentrate (RPC) or casein as the sole source of protein. In male rats fed on RPC diet at a 10% protein 5% fat level, a highly significant correlation was found between dietary zinc content and the total tibia zinc content (r = 0.946) in the dietary zinc range of 35-137 microgram/mg. In contrast, the casein rats attained almost maximal bone zinc contents even at the lower level of dietary zinc. No correlation was found between zinc status and the protein efficiency ratio obtained for the rapeseed protein. In female rats fed on a zinc-supplemented RPC diet at a 20% protein and 10% fat level, the serum levels of tocopherol and VLDL + LDL were reduced in comparison to the levels observed in female rats fed on a corresponding casein diet. No diet-related changes in serum levels of RBP were found. However, male rats showed significantly higher RBP values than the female rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Effect of a dietary rapeseed protein concentrate on the contents of alpha-tocopherol and zinc in serum, liver and tibia of rats.

In order to study the effects of a dietary rapeseed protein concentrate (RPC) on tocopherol and zinc levels in serum, liver and tibia, female rats were fed a tocopherol-reduced diet for a 3-week period and were then transferred to either of a RPC diet or a control diet containing casein at 20% levels of protein. No unfavourable effects on food intakes or weight gains were recorded. The serum zinc content of the RPC group was slightly reduced and the serum tocopherol values significantly lowered in comparison to the control group. Zinc and tocopherol contents of the livers were not changed. Precipitation of sera by dextran sulphate in the presence of calcium ions indicated a reduced level of low density lipoproteins in rats fed RPC diet. In a second experiment, male and female rats were fed diets containing 10% of protein derived either from RPC or casein. Low zinc contents of tibiae indicated a low biological availability of the zinc present in the RPC diet. Rats on RPC diet also showed reduced levels of tocopherol in serum. Despite a lowered zinc status in rats fed RPC diet there was no reduction in food intake, weight gain or growth of tibia in these groups.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Effect of chlorogenic acid in a casein diet for rats. Nutritional and pathological observations.

3-week-old male rats were fed on a casein diet containing 1% (w/w) of chlorogenic acid in order to find out if the ingestion of chlorogenic acid may be associated with a reduced utilization of dietary proteins or with causing other adverse effects. The protein efficiency ratio, biological value and digestibility of this diet did not differ from a corresponding casein diet free from chlorogenic acid. No change was observed in the nitrogen balance of the experimental rats. Neither did the rats show any change in hematological values or volumes and pH of the urine. Some deviation was noticed in the weights of kidneys and adrenals of the chlorogec acid-free casein diet. The findings that were made were normal in the microscopic examinations of various organs. Chlorogenic acid did not seem to influence the ultrastructure of the liver as revealed by electron microscopy.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1975

Outcome of pregnancy from day 0 to 19 and serum tocopherol levels in mother rats fed on a rapeseed protein concentrate essentially free from glucosinolates.

A rapeseed protein concentrate containing only minute amounts of glucosinolates was fed to rats during gestation as the sole source of protein at a 20% dietary protein level. Compared with rats obtaining a casein-based diet at the same level of protein, the mother rats on the rapeseed diet showed much lower weight gains during the last trimester. At day 19 of gestation, rats treated with rapeseed protein showed a reduced number of live fetuses and an increased resorption quotient. The average weight of the fetuses was similar, in some cases even higher, in mother rats given the rapeseed diet vis-à-vis the controls. The animals on the rapeseed diet also showed a highly significant decrease in the serum content of tocopherol, which amounted to between 24 and 41% of the control values.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

The contents of phytic acid in protein concentrates prepared from nigerseed, sunflower seed, rapeseed and poppy seed.

The contents of phytic acid were determined for protein-rich flours and protein concentrates prepared from nigerseed, sunflower seed, rapeseed and poppy seed. The values ranged from 6.89 to 8.80 mg phytate-P per g of fat free weight. This means that the phytate content of the analysed oilseed flours was at least about 4 times higher than the phytate content of common grain cereals. The precipitation of extracted phytic acid with trivalent Fe was an important step in the analytical procedure. The Fe:P mole ratios of the precipitates from the different oilseeds were lower than the corresponding ratios previously reported for cereal materials.

Edible Grain↗