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Biomedical subjects

A Eidelman

Publications and source records attributed to A Eidelman.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

Adjunctive treatment of murine neuroblastoma with 6-hydroxydopamine and Tempol.

Currently available therapy for disseminated neuroblastoma affords only a 5-20% 5-year survival rate. We have attempted to design targeted chemotherapy for this disease by exploiting the dopamine uptake system on neuroblastoma cells. 6-Hydroxydopamine (6OHDA) is a neurotransmitter analogue, which generates cytolytic oxygen radicals in neuroblastoma cells that take it up. It is, however, predictably, systemically toxic, because of its spontaneous oxidation. Its toxicity is particularly severe in the sympathetic nervous system, because this tissue selectively concentrates dopamine and its analogues. Lowering the dose of 6OHDA below toxic levels prohibitively compromises its antitumor effect. To avoid both the systemic and sympathetic nervous system toxicity yet retain the antitumor efficacy of 6OHDA, we have used the antioxidant Tempol adjunctively with 6OHDA. Administration of Tempol (250 mg/kg, i.p.) 10 min prior to administration of toxic doses of 6OHDA (350 or 400 mg/kg, i.p.) resulted in a decrease in the mortality rate, sympathetic nervous system impairment, and activity impairment compared with those seen with 6OHDA alone. Tumor weights from mice administered saline or Tempol alone were 3.6 +/- 1.9 and 2.9 +/- 0.7 g, respectively. In contrast, mice administered Tempol followed by 6OHDA had an average tumor weight of 0.7 +/- 0.3 g. Tumor incidence was also reduced from 80-100% to 40%. Studies performed using electron spin resonance spectroscopy suggest that Tempol acts in this system by reacting directly with both the 6OHDA radical and, in the presence of iron, its oxidation product, the hydroxyl radical.

Adrenergic Agents↗
PubMed1995

Long-term follow-up of patients with superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder treated by intravesical mitomycin C.

Prophylactic intravesical chemotherapy (IVC) reduces recurrence rates of superficial transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urinary bladder. The patient cohort existed of 86 individuals (stage TaN0M0 or T1N0M0) superficial carcinoma of various grades of malignancy. Following initial transuretheral resection or diagnostic cystoscopy, mitomycin C (MMC), 20 mg dissolved in 50 ml saline, was instilled intravesically by catheter over 1 hr at 2-week intervals, initially and then four more times followed by diagnostic cystoscopy (one course = 12 weeks). Two similar courses were administered thereafter for a total period of 36 weeks. For patients in remission, installations continued in monthly fractionations for 9 more months (cystoscopy every 3 months) and then at 2-month intervals for 12 more months (cystoscopy every 6 months). When cystoscopy revealed recurrence, IVC was repeated from the beginning. No symptoms of MMC-related toxicity were observed. Cystoscopic follow-up evaluations showed a complete response rate of 84% at 3 years and 81% at 5 years after initial therapy. Twenty-seven patients who had not responded to previous treatment with other drugs responded to MMC.

Administration, Intravesical↗
PubMed1993

Fetal intracranial haemorrhage: clinical significance of in utero ultrasonographic diagnosis.

OBJECTIVE: To review in utero detection of fetal intracranial haemorrhage. DESIGN: Retrospective survey of pregnant women presenting to the ultrasonographic unit in whom the diagnosis of fetal intracranial haemorrhage was reached. SETTING: The Chaim Sheba Medical Center in Ramat Gan, and Shaare Zedek Medical Center in Jerusalem; two large district general hospitals, each with 6000 maternity patients per year. SUBJECTS: Five fetuses with gestational ages ranging from 26 to 36 weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Maternal complications, fetal monitoring, prenatal Doppler ultrasound studies, postnatal imaging studies, neonatal morbidity and mortality. RESULTS: Transabdominal sonography showed hyperechoic lesions in the brain parenchyma, and the lateral ventricle in three of five fetuses. In the remaining two fetuses, transvaginal sonography enhanced the visualisation of ventriculomegaly with intraventricular haemorrhage in one and periventricular leukomalacia was identified in the second. Three fetuses were appropriate for gestational age, and two were severely growth retarded. In one woman severe pre-eclamptic toxaemia may explain intracranial haemorrhage. Abnormal nonstress test and abnormal flow velocity waveforms in the umbilical and cerebral arteries were present in the two growth retarded fetuses, and in one who was appropriate for gestational age. The two growth retarded fetuses died shortly after birth. Of the three surviving infants, two had normal long term development, and one developed hydrocephalus with subsequent severe neurodevelopmental retardation, dying at the age of seven months. CONCLUSIONS: This small series shows that intracranial haemorrhage has a broad spectrum of manifestations with diverse prognosis. Following an antenatal diagnosis of intracranial haemorrhage, the obstetrician must give special consideration to electronic fetal heart monitoring and Doppler velocity waveforms. The prenatal diagnosis of intracranial haemorrhage has medico-legal implications suggesting that neurological outcome may not necessarily be due solely to intrapartum events and management.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Use of percutaneous nephrostomy in hydronephrosis of pregnancy.

Traditional methods of urinary diversion in pregnancy include retrograde passage of ureteral catheter or stents and operative nephrostomy. These techniques are, however, associated with the use of anesthesia, are technically difficult to perform, and may induce labor. We report the use of percutaneous nephrostomy in four pregnant patients, two with obstruction due to ureteral calculi and two with infected hydronephrosis. The procedure provided rapid relief from pain and pyosepsis, and allowed uneventful continuation of the pregnancy to full-term, with preservation of renal function.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Adrenal rest carcinoma in hilum of kidney.

Adrenocortical rests are uncommon in adults and infrequently undergo malignant changes. Most of the published cases are those of functional tumors allowing preoperative diagnosis on the basis of the resulting endocrinopathy. Most nonfunctioning tumors were found accidentally at operation or autopsy. A case is presented of a parapelvic nonfunctioning adrenocortical rest carcinoma situated in the renal hilus in a fifty-year-old woman. No such tumor has been described previously.

Adrenal Rest Tumor↗
PubMed1991

Iatrogenic injuries to the ureter during gynecologic and obstetric operations.

Iatrogenic injuries to the ureter are hazardous complications of pelvic and vaginal operations, causing severe morbidity and even mortality. Eighteen such instances that occurred during the last 30 years are analyzed. Most of the injuries were associated with attempts to achieve hemostasis without proper identification of the ureter. The incidence of ureteral injuries declined during the years concomitantly with the improvement of surgical techniques. The proper identification and, when necessary, isolation of the ureter during operations in which there is a risk is crucial in reducing the incidence of ureteral injuries. Those diagnosed at the time of injury and treated with end to end anastomosis had the best results. Delayed diagnosis and treatment were associated with poor end results. The English literature is reviewed.

Adnexa Uteri↗
PubMed1989

Efficacy of intravesical mitomycin C in the treatment of superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder.

We treated 47 patients with recurrent transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder with intravesical chemotherapy. Twenty milligrams of mitomycin C per treatment was introduced 7 days after transurethral resection (TUR) or diagnostic cystoscopy, and was repeated at 2-week intervals for five times followed again by cystoscopy. Two more similar courses were administered for a total of 36 weeks. Clinical data revealed no toxicity-related symptoms. Cystoscopic follow-up showed a gradual decline in the presence of tumor to a complete response rate of 87.1% at 36 weeks. Thirteen patients who were previously treatment failures with other drugs responded to mitomycin C.

Administration, Intravesical↗
PubMed1986

Trends in urolithiasis in various ethnic groups and by age, in Israel.

A survey of upper urinary tract stone composition was carried out over 8 years (1974-1982) in 1147 patients, following a previous survey (1966-1974). Trends in the development of stone formation were found. The most obvious differences were fewer pure calcium oxalate (0.75 versus 5.50%) and uric acid stones (6.11 versus 13.30%) and more mixed stones than in our previous study. In most ethnic groups urinary stones were composed of calcium oxalate/calcium phosphate. A higher prevalence of stones in Israeli-born Jews was noted, in comparison with our previous survey. Age group analysis showed this increase to be limited to the 21-50-year-old group, in contradistinction to a clear decrease in stone formation in Israeli-born Arabs and Jews under the age of 20 years.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Cavernous hemangioma of the adrenal gland.

Adrenal hemangiomas are rare and seldom found ante mortem. We report a case of adrenal hemangioma that was discovered incidentally and removed surgically. The pertinent literature is reviewed.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1985

Intravesical chemotherapy of superficial bladder tumors in a controlled trial with cis-platinum versus cis-platinum plus hyaluronidase.

Twenty-three patients with superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder were randomized for intravesical chemotherapy with either cis-platinum or cis-platinum plus hyaluronidase, an enzyme promoting diffusion factor. Treatment was administered at 3-week intervals and checked for efficacy by repeated cystoscopies after every three instillations. Hematologic and biochemical tests were repeated prior to each treatment and, these, in additional to the cystoscopic findings, served for final evaluation of results and toxicity. The complete response rate was found to be superior with cis-platinum than with cis-platinum plus hyaluronidase. The complete plus partial response rates were equal in both groups. We conclude that the addition of hyaluronidase to cis-platinum revealed no superiority to cis-platinum alone, and both modes of treatment showed similar clinical efficacy as other drugs previously used for intravesical chemotherapy.

Aged↗