Biomedical subjects

A Ebihara

Publications and source records attributed to A Ebihara.

166 records · Page 10Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical pharmacology of human insulin of recombinant DNA origin in healthy volunteers.

The serum insulin, fractional absorption, serum human C-peptide, and plasma glucose responses of normal fasting subjects were compared after the subcutaneous and intravenous administration of human insulin (recombinant DNA) and Novo Actrapid insulin. While no statistical difference at each time point was observed between the two insulins, for each time point after 0.05 and 0.1 U/kg s.c., the 0-6 h area under curve (AUC) after the 0.05 U/kg dose was greater for human insulin than for pork insulin. There was no difference in the 0-6 h AUC after the 0.1 U/kg s.c. dose. The serum human C-peptide responses to the two insulins were virtually identical. With the 0.05 U/kg s.c. dose, hypoglycemic effect of human insulin was greater than for Actrapid. This difference did not occur after 0.1 U/kg s.c. Following intravenous administration using 0.05 U/kg, the serum IRI, serum C-peptide, and glucose responses were the same. These data indicate only slight differences between human insulin and Actrapid insulin.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Usefulness of circadian amplitude of blood pressure in predicting hypertensive cardiac involvement.

Twenty-four-hour blood pressure (BP) profiles of 56 patients diagnosed as 'hypertensive' by WHO criteria were analyzed by the fit of a 24-hour cosine curve according to the single cosinor method. A left ventricular mass index (LVMI) was also assessed by two-dimensional echocardiography on each patient as a gauge of target organ involvement. LVMI and the BP MESOR correlates positively for systolic, S (r = 0.324), mean arterial, MA (r = 0.334) and diastolic, D (r = 0.267) BP (P less than 0.05), yet no statistically significant linear correlation between LVMI and the circadian BP amplitude (one-half of predictable change) was found. When a second-degree polynomial regression was fitted to the circadian BP amplitudes, an association was found (SBP: R2 = 0.138, P = 0.02; MAP: R2 = 0.167, P = 0.01; DBP: R2 = 0.128, P less than 0.01). The corresponding curves were characterized by peaks in the circadian amplitudes of SBP, MAP and DBP around a value of LVMI between 110 and 120 g/m2. For further scrutiny, three subgroups had been formed on the basis of literature, a priori with respect to the LVMI (group 1: LVMI less than 100); group 2: 100 less than LVMI less than 130; group 3: 130 less than LVMI). For MESORs, there was no difference between groups 1 and 2, whereas the MESOR of group 3 were larger than the other two groups. The circadian BP amplitudes of group 2 were larger than those of the other two groups for SBP, MAP and DBP. An increasing LVMI precedes a definitive increase of BP MESOR and coincides with an increase in the circadian BP amplitude; thus an increase in extent of circadian changes can alert the self-monitoring population of a target organ involvement.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Comparative clinical pharmacology of human insulin (Novo) and porcine insulin in normal subjects.

The pharmacokinetics and pharmacologic effects of human insulin (Novo) derived from porcine insulin were studied by a double-blind crossover comparison with porcine monocomponent insulin in healthy volunteers. Both insulins were given by subcutaneous (s.c.) and intravenous (i.v.) injection to healthy male volunteers. The doses of injected insulin were 0.05 U/kg and 0.1 U/kg for the s.c. study, and 0.025 U/kg and 0.05 U/kg for the i.v. study. The plasma immunoreactive insulin (IRI) increased rapidly, plasma C-peptide and glucose decreased gradually, and plasma glucagon increased transiently after injection of the insulins. The pharmacokinetics and pharmacologic actions of human insulin were essentially similar to those of porcine insulin. The area under the time-concentration curve (AUC) of IRI was slightly greater after s.c. injection of human insulin than after that of porcine insulin at the 0.05-U/kg dose level. Because no significant difference was observed in the plasma C-peptide level and no such difference was noticed in the AUC of IRI between the two insulins after i.v. injection, the bioavailability of human insulin seemed to be greater than that of porcine insulin after s.c. injection. The plasma glucose-reducing effect was slightly greater after s.c. injection of 0.05 U/kg of human insulin than after s.c. injection of the same dose of porcine insulin. Apart from symptoms of hypoglycemia (sweating, palpitations, and hot flushes), no other unwanted reactions were observed after administration of either insulin. These results suggest that human insulin has a usefulness similar to that of porcine insulin in clinical practice. The clinical relevance of the slight difference in bioavailability observed in the s.c. study remains to be investigated.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Repeated alcohol intake changes circadian rhythm of ambulatory blood pressure.

The blood pressure of 7 clinically healthy volunteering social drinkers was studied while they consumed, with a crossover design for 5 days, either 40 g of alcohol by day or fruit juice, with the two spans on alcohol and juice being separated by a one-week washout. Whereas the rhythm-adjusted mean was not changed, a clear statistically significant increase in the circadian double amplitude was found. The study provides a model for a rapidly achieved circadian amplitude hypertension which may precede an elevation of the overall blood pressure mean in the natural course of the disease.

Adult↗