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PubMed2000

2-CAT: 2-concentric arc technique.

We used conventional three-dimensional (3D) planning software and blocking to design a radiation dose distribution in the shape of a hollow sphere. The technique, known as 2-CAT, employs arcing beams with blocking of the center of the field, along with partial transmission blocking of the poles of the portal. The central core can subsequently be irradiated to deliver a relatively even dose to the entire volume. The technique differs from conventional planning in that the central portion of the tumor, while surrounded, is not included in the initial treatment volume. The clinical usefulness of the method will require future testing, as the technique has not yet been clinically proven.

Humans↗

PubMed1996

Does providing more accessible primary care psychology services lower the clinical threshold for referrals?

BACKGROUND: The growing number of specialist services being provided within primary care has lead to the argument that this will reduce the clinical threshold for referrals to these clinics. AIM: The possibility that increasing the accessibility of primary care psychology services will reduce the threshold for referral was examined by comparing levels of psychological disturbance among patients seen by practice-based clinical psychologists with those attending outpatient clinics. METHOD: Psychological symptoms, distress, disruption in daily life and satisfaction with life were assessed using a questionnaire-based methodology. A consecutive series of 177 patients, assessed in a local general practice or an outpatient department across a wide range of urban locations, was studied over a fixed period. RESULTS: The study revealed equivalent levels of psychopathology within both specialist and primary care clinics. Of the overall sample, 79% were likely to merit a formal psychiatric diagnosis, relating primarily to mood disorder. Levels of subjective distress and life satisfaction were also equivalent at both service locations. CONCLUSION: The lack of evidence for a reduction in clinical threshold for referral within the primary care sample suggests that general practitioners' referral rates are similar regardless of whether practice-based clinical psychology services are available. This has implications for primary-care-led commissioning of mental health services.

Adult↗