Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

A E Bogden

Publications and source records attributed to A E Bogden.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Nontuberculous mycobacterial infection attributable to Mycobacterium intracellulare serotype 10 in two rhesus monkeys.

Infection with Mycobacterium intracellulare serotype 10 was diagnosed in 2 rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) in a closed colony of 90 animals. The clinicopathologic presentation in 1 animal with advanced disease was characterized by a precipitous weight loss, therapeutically unresponsive diarrhea, anemia, weakness, prostration, refractory tuberculin tests (using mammalian old tuberculin and M bovis purified protein derivative tuberculin), and disseminated granulomas in the lungs, spleen, liver, kidneys, lymph nodes, salivary glands, and intestines. The lamina propria throughout the large and small intestines was infiltrated with mycobacteria-laden macrophages. Severe hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia, hypoglobulinemia, mild hypocalcemia, and edema were compatible with a malabsorption-like syndrome. The 2nd animal was clinically normal, but a weak positive tuberculin reaction to M bovis purified protein derivative at 72 hours necessitated euthanasia. This animal's disease was characterized by microgranulomas in the lungs, bronchial lymph nodes, liver, and pancreas, without involvement of the gastrointestinal tract. There was no evidence of M intracellulare infection in the remaining 88 animals in the colony, as determined by mycobacterial cultures of tracheobronchial washings, additional tuberculin testing, thoracic radiography, and mycobacterial culture of the drinking water. Tuberculin testing and thoracic radiographs of personnel working with the nonhuman primates were also negative. These cases were considered to be important because both animals were infected with the same serotype and because there has been an increasing number of isolations of this organism in human infections throughout Massachusetts. Drug-sensitivity testing revealed the organism to be sensitive to cycloserine and resistant to isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, streptomycin, kanamycin, and pyrazinamide.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

3,4-bis(3'-hydroxyphenyl)hexane--a new mammary tumor-inhibiting compound.

The syntheses of the hexestrol derivatives 3,4-bis-(3'-hydroxyphenyl)hexane (4a), 3,4-bis(4'-fluoro-3'-hydroxyphenyl)hexane (4b), 3,4-bis(3',4'dihydroxyphenyl)hexane (4c), and 3,4-bis(3',4'-diacetoxyphenyl)hexane (4d) are described. All compounds showed a marked, competitive inhibition of the estradiol receptor interaction (Ka4c greater than Ka4a greater than Ka4d greater than Ka4b). Evaluated in the mouse uterine weight test compounds 4c and 4d almost reached the estrone effect, whereas 4a and 4b did not produce full uterotrophic response. Compounds 4a--d antagonized the estrone stimulated uterine growth of the immature mouse. Compound 4a (NSC-297170) exhibited a specific, dose-related growth inhibition of the estrogen responsive MCF-7 human breast tumor cell line. Tested on the 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene-induced hormone-dependent mammary adenocarcinoma of the Sprague-Dawley rat all compounds showed marked inhibition of tumor growth. As in all experiments compounds 4a and 4b, which is resistant to hydroxylation in 4'-position exhibited an identical pattern of action, which is different from that shown by compound 4c, the effect of compound 4a cannot be explained by its possible catechol metabolite 4c.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
PubMed1981

Chemotherapy responsiveness of human tumors as first transplant generation xenografts in the normal mouse: six-day subrenal capsule assay.

Feasibility of utilizing human tumors as first transplant generation xenografts in the normal immunocompetent mouse for determining tumor sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents was demonstrated by applying subrenal capsule (SRC) assay methodology to fresh surgical explants in a six-day time frame. A total of 37 human breast tumors were tested in assays in which 254 xenografts were implanted into control animals. Fifty (20%) of the controls showed some degree of partial regression in the six-day assay period. Using a mean control growth having a positive change in tumor size as the criterion for evaluability, first transplant generation human breast tumors provided an evaluable assay rate of 86%. A tumor response profile was obtained as a result of testing seven clinically active drugs against 32 previously untreated breast cancers. The pattern of responses obtained indicated that no single agent was active against all tumors, nor were tumors which were responsive to one agent necessarily responsive to another, suggesting the feasibility of predicting individual tumor response to specific chemotherapeutic agents. Had these seven drugs been developmental agents of unknown activity which were being tested for the first time against such a panel of human tumors the result would have not only predicted their clinical activity, but the tumor response rates would have also provided an indication of the relative potential of each drug for the specific treatment of breast cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1981

Specific and nonspecific immune resistance enhancing activity of staphage lysate.

The immunopotentiating activity of staphage lysate (SPL) was evaluated in terms of its immune protection against lethal bacterial infection and its antitumor activity. Mice were pretreated weekly with 10(8) viable, Staphylococcus aureus, strain 18Z for 3 weeks (Induction), followed by intraperitoneal SPL injections (Elicitation) at various times in relation to infectious challenge or tumor implantation. Induction without elicitation, or elicitation alone failed to provide protection against Klebsiella pneumoniae infection and resulted in only 30-40% survival against homologous infection with pathogenic S. aureus type III, whereas combined induction and elicitation produced enhanced resistance induction and elicitation regimens resulted in 50% and 80-100% survival in mice inoculated with K. pneumoniae and S. aureus, respectively. SPL had no antitumor effect in mice implanted with median survival time resulting from induction and elicitation in animals implanted which Ehrlich's ascites. This enhancement of immune resistance may possibly be related to activation of thymus-modulated lymphocytes and macrophages by SPL.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1979

Growth of human tumor xenografts implanted under the renal capsule of normal immunocompetent mice.

The subrenal capsule technique proved effective in demonstrating that the growth of human tumors in normal, immunocompetent animals for 6 days was quantifiable in ocular micrometer units. Positive growth was demonstrable not only with human tumors that had been established in serial transplantation in athymic nude mouse hosts, but also with primary surgical explants. Growth rates of transplantation-established xenograft systems were similar whether implanted in athymic nude or in normal immunocompetent animals indicating that the 6-day time-frame successfully evades growth inhibitory effects of immunologic origin. Immunosuppression with a single dose of cyclophosphamide did not appear to affect growth rate, but permitted the tumors to grow larger extending the time to reach peak size. Significantly, xenografts of primary surgical explants showed positive growth more frequently in 6 days (82%) in the immunocompetent animal than in 11 days (30%) in the immunodeficient athymic nude mouse.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

MER-BCG (NSC-143769): immunogenicity and toxicity of single and repeated intradermal injections in dogs.

Intradermal injections of MER-BCG 0.1 mg or 0.2 mg at each of 10 multiple sites, led to local granuloma formation. The nodules reached approximately 10 mm in diameter, ulcerated and were accompanied by granulomatous changes in the regional lymph nodes. Six or twelve successive treatments (each including 10 injections) at 4 week intervals produced the same histopathological lesions but no changes in hematological and blood chemical parameters or general morphology and no changes in general condition with exception of occasional weight loss in a few animals. Injection with 0.01 or 0.001 mg/site produced similar, though less severe, skin lesions but no changes in the draining lymph nodes. The immunogenicity of MER-BCG was characterized by granuloma formation, a positive skin response to old tuberculin, and a positive lymphocyte transformation to PPD tuberculin, thus indicating stimulation of cell-mediated immune responses. However, there was a decreased responsiveness to PHA and PPD with continuing treatment with MER-BCG. The decreased responsiveness and accumulation of numerous depots of antigen would suggest an "immunologic paralysis" contraindicating the administration of excessive amounts of MER-BCG during immunotherapy. A specific humoral response to the administration of MER-BCG was not detected, but an MER-BCG dose independent decrease in albumin associated with a non-specific, dose related elevation in serum IgG was observed.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1979

Therapy for mouse tumors and human tumor xenografts with the antitumor antibiotic AT-125.

The antimetabolite antibiotic L-(alphaS,5S)-alpha-amino-3-chloro-4,5-dihydro-5-isoxazoleacetic acid (AT-125) showed significant antitumor activity against L1210 and P388 mouse leukemias and the M5076 mouse ovarian tumor. Depending on the schedule of administration, increases in lifespan of greater than 100% were observed. Activity was observed after ip, oral, or sc inoculation of AT-125 in mice inoculated with L1210 by the ip route. Lewis lung carcinoma and B16 melanoma were not affected by AT-125. The compound was used to treat human tumor xenografts in athymic (nude) mice. The MX-1 mammary tumor regressed when treated with either 8 or 16 mg/kg/day for 10 days, while a dose of 32 mg/kg was toxic. On an every-4-days x 3 schedule there was a marked slowing of MX-1 tumor growth at 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg. The LX-1 lung tumor xenograft growth was slowed significantly by a dose of 32 mg/kg. Growth of colon tumors, CX-1, CX-2, and CX-3, was not affected by AT-125.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

The concept of induction and elicitation as an immunotherapeutic approach.

The concept of "induction and elicitation," propounded by Stuart Mudd, circumvents the dangers of infecting the immunologically impaired individual without abrogating the effectiveness of the antigenic stimulus provided by an initial infection with living organisms. Mudd's concept utilizes the ubiquitous and naturally established delayed type hypersensitivity to Staphylococcus aureus as the primary induction step for the more effective use of bacterial fractions, such as staphylococcal phage lysate, a potent immunizing agent, commercially licensed and available, in the subsequent elicitation of a nonspecific, cell-mediated immune response. The results of an exploratory study in which induction and elicitation were applied as an immunotherapeutic modality, in combination with surgery, in a metastasizing animal tumor model (the F344 rat) are presented.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Influence of surgery, irradiation, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy on growth of a metastasizing rat mammary adenocarcinoma.

Based upon the hypothesis that a factor most pertinent to the absence of an effective immune response in cancer is the inadequacy of the antigenic stimulus provided by the neoplasm, either in terms of weak immunogenicity of the tumor antigen or of the necessary antigen mass available to the reticuloendothelial tissues at any one time for effective sensitization, the host immune response capabilities were stimulated within a time frame synchronous with a greater release of tumor antigens. In the treatment of a metastasizing, solid tumor model syngeneic with F344 rats, immunotherapy was most effectively applied in combinations with chemotherapy and/or localized radiotherapy, therapeutic modalities that induced a degree of oncolysis and tumor resorption. Surgery combined with chemotherapy permitted evaluation of therapeutic effects against metastases. The methanol-soluble fraction of Mycobacterium butyricum was used as the nonspecific immunologic adjuvant.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1978

Predictive experimental animal tumor models: a concept.

As an introduction to the session on Animal Tumor Models, a concept of animal model systems in presented that differentiates between models of organ-related diseases such as prostate or bladder cancer and models of a certain class of neoplasms found within a specific organ disease. Thus defined, no one animal tumor can completely represent and be predictive for a disease entity, no more so than can a single clinical experience with prostate cancer, e.g., be representative of all clinical cases. Rather, a block of animal tumors originating from a specific organ that reflects a spectrum of carefully defined growth patterns and reactivities best mimics the overall responses obtained clinically. Because immunotherapy is most logically visualized and applied in an adjuvant mode, its effectiveness as a therapeutic modality is vulnerable to the vagaries of individual tumor response to a primary modality. Therefore, the selection of appropriate tumor models for developmental studies in immunotherapy is critical, and the need for well-defined and characterized test systems in terms of chemotherapy and radiation responsiveness is emphasized.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Circadian pattern of prolactin and growth hormone levels in female rats of two strains.

Plasma growth hormone and prolactin levels were determined by radioimmunoassay at intervals of 2 hr during the light phase of a controlled light-dark cycle in virgin female (COBS F/Crl BR) and [Sch:SPD(SD)BR] rats. Peak prolactin concentrations were observed in the afternoon during proestrus and estrus in both rat stocks. Growth hormone exhibited wide fluctuations in the Sch:SPD rat, attaining peak levels at 1300 hr, but no apparent periodicity was observed in the COBS rats.

Animals↗