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Biomedical subjects

A E Bender

Publications and source records attributed to A E Bender.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Adaptation to restricted intake of protein and energy.

Adult rats that maintained nitrogen balance on a diet containing 5% casein fed ad libitum were restricted to 70% of their normal food intake for 31 days. This resulted in a negative N balance, loss of body weight and increased activities of hepatic glutamic pyruvic transaminase and arginase--all of which persisted for 10 days. After this time there was no further weight loss, the negative N balance returned to equilibrium and the activities of the two enzymes returned to normal indicating adaptation to the dietary restriction. Radio-isotope studies with labelled methionine showed that dietary restriction led to an increase in the radioactivity of the liver and a decrease of that of the muscles indicating maintenance of liver protein at the expense of muscle protein. Resting oxygen consumption decreased by 34% after 20 days of dietary restriction and this would account for the adaptation observed.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1977

Feeding of school children in a London borough.

A survey of 12 schools in a London borough showed that the protein and energy content of the average school meal was below the standard set by the Department of Health and Social Security for all age groups. Failure to meet the standards resulted from inadequate food purchases, poor menu planning and portion control, and several management problems. A 24-hour recall questionnaire showed that 5% of the pupils were "poorly" fed. These pupils were, however, no worse off than their "adequately" fed peers with regard to absences from school or academic attainment measured by reading quotient, but there was some slight difference in height and weight. The percentage of children having no breakfast increased from 4% in the infant schools to 21% in the senior schools. Two per cent of the senior pupils regularly ate no lunch.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Maintenance of weight loss in obese subjects.

The records of a selected group of 215 subjects who had successfully lost surplus weight were followed-up for periods of one to six years. Mean initial weight was 131% of standard (19.5 kg surplus) and the mean time taken to achieve 'goal weight' was 7.05 months (range two to 20 months) at a mean rate of 2.9 kg per month (range 1.85 to 5 kg). Altogether 121 subjects (56.3%) maintained goal weights within plus or minus 2.3 kg of goal; 79 subjects (36.7%) maintained within plus or minus 4.5 kg. At time of examination of the records, 39 subjects (18.8%) had maintained constant weight for more than four years, 22 subjects (10.6%) for three to four years, 65 subjects (31.4%) for two to three years, 58 subjects (28.5%) for one to two years, and 23 subjects (11.1%) for periods of up to one year.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Subclinical and covert malnutrition.

Obvious or overt malnutrition is diagnosed from characteristic clinical signs. Subclinical malnutrition is revealed only by biochemical changes but is an unstable state which, if untreated, will develop to clinical malnutrition. There appears to be a stable state where the subject has adapted to low levels of nutrient intake for which the name 'covert malnutrition' is suggested. Examples are: (1) vitamin C intake of 10 mg per day which is adequate to prevent scurvy and where no clinical signs appear until the stress of wounding is applied to the tissues; (2) inadequate intake of vitamin A without signs of deficiency because the poor diet limits growth--deficiency shows up when growth is resumed: (3) protein intake which is adequate to maintain N balance but not adequate to withstand stress. All dietary surveys reveal apparently healthy individuals whose intake of nutrients appears to be grossly inadequate--these may be 'suffering' covert malnutrition, although there is no evidence to indicate whether or not this stable condition is harmful.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Effect on dietary sucrose and fructose on the metabolism and lipid fractions in liver in the rat.

Male and female weanling rats were fed one of the following diets for 26 weeks: 60% (w/w) starch as control (59% of energy content); 20 (20), 40 (39) or 60% (59%) sucrose; or 20% (20%) fructose. With increasing levels of dietary sucrose the livers of male rats but not those of females, were progressively heavier. Livers of rats of both sexes showed progressively higher total lipid levels mainly as a result of high triglyceride levels. The 20% fructose diet produced the same effect as the 40% sucrose diet. The incorporation of 14C-glucose into liver lipids in vitro, and the production of 14CO2 were both depressed by sucrose and fructose feeding in both sexes.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Some metabolic effects of prolonged feeding of starch, sucrose, fructose and carbohydrate-free diet in the rat.

Male rats of the ASL Wistar strain were fed from weaning on starch, fructose or carbohydrate-free diets for 4 and 12 weeks. In addition, further groups were fed for 24 weeks on starch, sucrose or carbohydrate-free diets. Livers were examined for gross composition, glucose-6-phosphatase activity and in vitro lipogenesis and glucose oxidation. Intestinal sucrase was also measured. Dietary fructose and the carbohydrate-free diet induced an enlargement of the livers after 12 weeks feeding, when expressed per 100g body weight, and at the same time, an increased fat content. Fructose caused an increase in liver glucose-6-phosphatase after 4 weeks, which persisted after 12 weeks, and a similar increase was observed after 24 weeks feeding on sucrose. Fructose produced an increase in intestinal sucrose after 4 weeks, but this did not persist and there was no increase evident after 12 weeks feeding, nor after 24 weeks feeding on sucrose. Fructose markedly depressed the in vitro lipogenesis and glucose oxidation in liver slices. This was evident after 4 weeks feeding and also after 12 weeks when the effect of age showed as a fall in both these parameters in the control group of animals. The carbohydrate-free diet caused an increase in liver glucose-6-phosphatase after 4 weeks, a smaller increase after 12 weeks, and there was no increase apparent when feeding was continued for 24 weeks. Apparently due to the absence of substrate, the intestinal sucrose activity fell to less than half after 4 weeks and to negligible levels after 12 and 24 weeks on carbohydrate-free diet. In vitro liver lipogenesis and glucose oxidation were depressed after 4 and 12 weeks in a similar way to the fructose diet. On both these diets the rise in liver glucose-6-phosphatase appeared to parallel the fall in liver lipogeneis and glucose oxidation.

Animals↗