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Biomedical subjects

A E Andersen

Publications and source records attributed to A E Andersen.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Body size and shape characteristics of personal ("in search of") ads.

This study investigated sociocultural norms for height, weight, and body shape by analyzing 481 personal ads in a large metropolitan city magazine to determine self-report characteristics of males and females seeking companionship as well as the desired height, weight, and shape characteristics of the person being sought. Seventy percent of ads specified weight, shape, or height characteristics and of those ads most were heterosexual Caucasian males and females. Male searchers described themselves as tall, fit, and athletic, but of average weight. Female searchers described themselves as petite or tall and fit with body weight as significantly less (89.4%) than the ideal body weight. Male searchers sought females 5 years younger, thin, fit, petite or tall. Women seekers sought men 3 years older, tall, fit, and athletic. These ads confirmed the use of stereotyped and highly athletic body size and shape for self-descriptions and for characteristics of companions sought.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Food intake, hunger, and satiety after preloads in women with eating disorders.

Food intake, food selection, macronutrient intake, sensory-specific satiety, and ratings of hunger and satiety were measured after high- and low-energy salad preloads (2414 kJ, or 172 kJ) or no preload to determine whether patients with eating disorders compensate appropriately for different energy intakes. Subjects were female patients with a DSM-III-R diagnosis of anorexia nervosa with bulimic features or bulimia nervosa, or non patient, normal-weight, nondieters (n = 9/group). At a self-selected lunch 30 min after the preloads, all of the groups reduced intake after the high-energy preload, with the bulimics showing the best compensation. The anorexics chose low-energy foods and in some conditions ate a smaller proportion of fat than did the other groups. The bulimics ate more high-energy foods than did the anorexics. The anorexics demonstrated sensory-specific satiety only after the high-energy salad and the bulimics only after the low-energy salad. Overall, these data suggest that while many of their responses to food are abnormal, patients with eating disorders have some capacity to respond to physiological hunger and satiety cues.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Bipolar II affective disorder in eating disorder inpatients.

We examined the association between affective disorders and eating disorders in 22 eating disorder inpatients who were interviewed using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Lifetime Version. The first series of 11 were interviewed as part of an interrater reliability study; the second series, done as follow-up to the first, consisted of 11 consecutive admissions. Overall, there were 15 bulimics and seven anorexics. Nineteen patients had a major affective disorder, and 13 (59%) had bipolar II affective disorder. Bipolar II affective disorder appears to be a common finding in hospitalized patients with severe persistent eating disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Gastrointestinal symptoms in anorexia nervosa. A prospective study.

Neither the natural history of gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with anorexia nervosa nor their response to refeeding have been well studied. We hypothesized that gastrointestinal symptoms in anorexia nervosa will decrease during refeeding despite high caloric intake, suggesting that delayed gastric emptying, where present, is a result rather than a cause of anorexia nervosa. Study goals were (a) to determine the type and frequency of gastrointestinal symptoms, (b) to follow symptoms during refeeding prospectively, and (c) to develop guidelines for gastrointestinal testing and intervention in hospitalized anorectic patients. Sixteen consecutive patients with anorexia nervosa were rated on 12 gastrointestinal symptoms before and after nutritional rehabilitation and followed up throughout treatment. All patients reported multiple gastrointestinal symptoms on admission; all symptoms except belching improved during treatment despite large calorie increases (p less than 0.0002); significant improvements occurred in appetite, bloating, constipation, vomiting, and diarrhea; and no patients required endoscopy, x-ray evaluation, or antipeptic regimens. We conclude that although severe gastrointestinal symptoms are common in anorexia nervosa, they improve significantly with refeeding. Specific gastrointestinal studies should be reserved for patients who do not gain weight or who have indications of independent digestive disease.

Abdominal Pain↗
PubMed1989

Polymorphism of esterases in plasma of foxes.

Plasma samples from 114 arctic foxes and 40 silver foxes have been investigated by use of isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gels. At pH ranges 4-6.5 and 4.2-4.9 and after specific staining, arylesterase (AArE) appeared as polymorphic band patterns. These could be explained by three codominant alleles in arctic foxes and two codominant alleles in silver foxes. Segregation figures in families agreed with the genetic theory.

Alleles↗
PubMed1985

Subgroups of anorexia nervosa and bulimia: validity and utility.

Sociodemographic and psychodynamic similarities and differences among four subgroups of eating disordered females seeking outpatient consultations for anorexia nervosa and bulimia are presented. Supporting the spectrum concept of eating disorders, the four diagnostic subgroups are: anorexia nervosa, restricting; anorexia nervosa with bulimic complications; normal weight bulimia with a history of anorexia nervosa; and normal weight bulimia without a history of anorexia nervosa. Overall, the 165 patients are white, middle to upper-middle class females in their early twenties. The highest levels of psychopathology, as measured by the Eating Disorder Inventory, was manifested by patients afflicted with both anorexic and bulimic symptomatology, either in the past or at time of consultation. Implications for diagnostic classification and clinical intervention are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Personality and treatment effectiveness in anorexia nervosa.

Compared pre- and posttreatment MMPI profiles of 12 female inpatients with anorexia nervosa using a scale-by-scale analysis of variance. Significant changes in clinical scales and a validity scale confirmed observed behavioral change after treatment. In addition, pretreatment profiles obtained at a different hospital were remarkably similar, which suggests a common constellation of personality characteristics in anorexia nervosa.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Clinical findings in patients with anorexia nervosa and affective illness in their relatives.

The most prevalent psychiatric disorders in the families of patients with anorexia nervosa are bipolar and unipolar major affective disorder. The presence of affective disorder, self-induced vomiting, or bulimia in the patient is not predictive of affective illness in the relatives. Thus these features do not define genetic heterogeneity within anorexia nervosa. There may be genetic factors shared between anorexia nervosa and affective disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

The MMPI in three groups of patients with significant weight loss.

Fifty patients with severe weight loss thought to be caused by anorexia nervosa were hospitalized for evaluation. On the basis of psychiatric history and mental state examination, they were divided into three diagnostic categories: anorexia nervosa; other. The MMPI of patients with anorexia nervosa was markedly abnormal, with highest peaks on the D (depression), PT (obsessionality and anxiety), and SC (schizophrenia) scales. This profile was similar to that of patients with obsessional symptoms and neurotic depression, but differed significantly from the profile of patients with low weight but normal mental state examination. These findings suggest that starvation alone does not explain the psychopathological symptoms similar to those with depressive and obsessional symptomatology. The MMPI is useful in differentiating anorexia nervosa from those with lowered weight from nonpsychiatric causes, but does not by itself provide a distinct diagnostic category when compared with neurotic disorders having similar symptom clusters.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Anorexia nervosa and bulimia in adolescent males.

Anorexia nervosa or bulimia in adolescent males occurs ten times less frequently than in adolescent females. When they occur, however, they can be clearly identified and differentiated from disorders also associated with weight loss such as swallowing phobias. Early diagnosis and treatment leads to improved outcome. While the formal psychopathology of male anorectics is similar to that of females, there is often a different motivation for the initial weight loss in males. They are more often concerned with attaining an idealized male body and avoiding teasing or criticism about their appearance. When males become ill, they tend to develop the full anorectic syndrome or not to become ill at all. Recognition of the special needs of adolescent males for individualized treatment increases the change of optimal outcome. Anorexia nervosa and bulimia in the teenage male should be seen as an ineffective method of dealing with developmental crises by gaining a sense of effectiveness and control through weight reduction and food restriction. Treatment seeks to improve quickly the starvation-related aspects of the illness while attempting to find more appropriate methods of dealing with the life crises prompting the illness. The real goal of treatment is to make the anorectic or bulimic illness unnecessary by encouraging the patient to continue the work of individuation and separation so that challenges in development and problems in living are resolved in a direct rather than an indirect way through an eating disorder.

Adolescent↗