Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to A Dyer.
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Selenium(Se) has been determined in skin by neutron activation analysis applying selective irradiation and cooling time, followed by measurement of the activity on a high resolution germanium lithium (Ge(Li)) detector. The levels and distribution of Se in normal abdominal and plantar skin, together with other available evidence, lead us to believe that it is an essential trace element in man. It is suggested that Se has an essential role in skin keratinization.
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Data from 10,559 men and women, age 30-64, participating in the morning and afternoon in a Chicago Health Department multiphasic screening project, were used to determine the effects of time of day and time since last meal on the values for plasma glucose one and two hours following oral challenge with 100 gm. of glucose. Mean plasma glucose values and rates of suspect glucose intolerance (based on several cutpoints) were sizeably higher in the afternoon than in the morning. In addition, plasma glucose values increased with time elapsed since the last meal, up to 10 hours postprandially. Thereafter, both one- and two-hour plasma glucose values tended to exhibit a decline. Analysis of covariance confirmed that fluctuations in glucose tolerance were related to time of day and time since last meal, but the effects of each parameter were exerted independently.
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OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that a prehospital time threshold (PhTT) exists that when exceeded, significantly increases the mortality of trauma patients transported directly from the scene of injury to a trauma center rather than to the closest hospital. DESIGN: Review of data contained within the Illinois Trauma Registry encompassing the period from fall 1989 through spring 1991. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 5,215 injured persons with an Injury Severity Score (ISS) > 10, cared for in an Illinois level-I or -II trauma center outside of the city of Chicago. MEASUREMENTS: Injury severity expressed as ISS, scene time (ST), transport time (TrT), total emergency medical services time (TEMST), and outcome were determined for each patient. Patients were stratified into groups on the basis of ISS. RESULTS: Patient outcomes were significantly different statistically between ISS groups (p < 0.001, chi 2). Mean ST and TEMST, but not TrT, were significantly different statistically between ISS groups (p < 0.001, analysis of variance). Lower ISS was associated with longer times. Mean ST, TrT, and TEMST were significantly different statistically between survivors and nonsurvivors (p < 0.001, two-sample t-tests). Survival was associated with longer times. Each of the mean times remained significantly different between survivors and nonsurvivors after controlling for severity of injury (p < 0.001, two-way analysis of variance). CONCLUSION: No PhTT beyond which time patient transport to the closest hospital would have decreased mortality was identifiable, because no prehospital time < 90 minutes exerted a significant adverse effect upon survival.
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The association between alcohol consumption and hypertension was studied in 11,899 men aged 40-55 years. The prevalence of hypertension among heavy drinkers was significantly higher than among those who did not drink heavily. Heavy drinking was defined as consumption of five or more drinks daily or four or more drinks daily. A total of 136 persons fulfilled the five drinks or more per day definition and 230, the four drinks daily definition. The population-attributable risk of hypertension contributed by heavy drinking, depending on the diagnostic criteria used to define each endpoint, varied from 3 to 12 percent. There is reason to suspect that the contribution of alcohol to hypertension in the general population may be somewhat higher at the present time than in the late 1950s when the study was conducted. Moderation of alcohol consumption, in addition to weight reduction and salt restriction, is another important nonpharmacological means to control hypertension.