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Biomedical subjects

A Durand

Publications and source records attributed to A Durand.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Determination of chloroquine and monodesethylchloroquine in hair.

Using thin-layer and gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, chloroquine and its major metabolite (monodesethylchloroquine) were identified in hair samples of numerous patients who received this antimalarial drug for several months. In two patients the amounts of chloroquine were, respectively, 310 and 145 mg/kg hair and those of the monodesethylchloroquine 23 and 11 mg/kg. The respective proportions (93 and 7%) are the same in the two subjects. The chloroquine percentage was near those in the spleen or stomach wall after poisoning. Other metabolites in hair are being identified. Hair analysis may provide a good toxicologic and forensic science complement to the blood, urine, and tissues. It may be useful for the control of chloroquine therapy.

Chloroquine↗
PubMed1982

gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor stimulation. I. Neuropharmacological profiles of progabide (SL 76002) and SL 75102, with emphasis on their anticonvulsant spectra.

Progabide (4-([(4-chlorophenyl) (5-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-methylene]amino) butanamide) is a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor agonist which readily enters the brain. In the body, progabide is metabolized to three active metabolites: SL 75102, gabamide and GABA. Progabide and SL 75102 readily enter the brain and GABA and gabamide are also formed within this organ. Both progabide and SL 75102 exhibit a broad spectrum of anticonvulsant activities against seizures which involve GABA-mediated events (bicuculline, picrotoxinin and pentylenetetrazol) or which are apparently independent of GABAergic mechanisms (penicillin, strychnine, electroshock and audiogenic seizures). These data support the hypothesis that direct GABA receptor stimulation is an effective means of controlling convulsions of various origins. Progabide and SL 75102 have relatively minor secondary effects in comparison to commonly used antiepileptics. Myorelaxation occurs, but only at doses higher than the ED50 values in convulsant tests. Furthermore, these compounds are not sedative. Finally, these GABA agonists have a complex action in the extrapyramidal system. Anticonvulsant doses are antagonistic to dopamine receptor-mediated behaviors, whereas much lower doses seem to facilitate the effects of dopaminergic transmission.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Metabolism and blood levels study of antidepressants: a rationale of their therapeutical use (author's transl)].

The authors show with some examples the interest of pharmacokinetics for the optimization of the therapeutical use of antidepressive agents. They give some indications about bioavailabilty, metabolism and half-life of these compounds and note the importance of the individual variations. They also analyze the studies on the possible relations between the clinical response and the steady-state plasma levels of the unchanged drug and/or its active metabolite. The relation between these two parameters would be linear for imipramine, amitriptyline, clomipramine, doxepine, dibenzepine, and curvilinear for nortriptyline, desipramine, protriptyline, maprotiline and mianserine, especially in endogenous depression. From a previous pharmacokinetic study calculations allow to predict the steady-state plasma concentrations. The question of the side effects and drug interactions is considered.

Antidepressive Agents↗
PubMed1979

Qualitative and quantitative determination of metapramine and its metabolites in biological materials.

The qualitative and quantitative determination of metapramine and its metabolites, after selective solvent extraction from biological materials, are achieved by gas-liquid chromatography with or without an internal standard, carried out directly or after derivatization, spectrofluorimetry and one- or two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography. The gas chromatographic procedures are the most sensitive for the quantitative determination fo the unchanged compound: 15 and 35 ng/ml in plasma and 5 and 10 ng/ml in urine; the detection limit for thin-layer chromatography is about 100 ng. These techniques can be used for pharmacokinetic studies and therapeutic controls, and also in analytical toxicology.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Aortic atherosclerosis in Laënnec's cirrhosis. A comparative study using a planimeter.

A postmortem comparison of atherosclerotic lesions of the aorta was made between 107 cirrhotic and 168 control subjects with mean ages of 61 and 64, respectively. The cause of death in 93 of the control subjects was malignant neoplasms. Individuals with a history of hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, hypertension, ischemic arterial disease, cerebral vascular accidents, or myocardial infarction were eliminated from this study. The entire aorta was removed during necropsy, and the ratio between the total aortic surface and the surface areas of fibrous, calcified, and ulcerated lesions was determined, using a planimeter. Statistical analysis disclosed no difference between the cirrhotic or control groups in either the extent or type of atherosclerotic lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Treatment of post-operative ventral hernia: elementary biomechanical basis. Report of 51 cases treated by mersilene mesh (author's transl)].

Elementary functional anatomy of the normal abdominal wall and following incisional hernia are described. The treatment of postoperative hernia should be based on this: its object is to restore the morphology and functions of the abdominal wall, in particular its respiratory function. It may be necessary to carry out gradual pneumo-peritoneum before parietal repair. A mersilene mesh was used by the authors in 51 cases. Certain rules should be observed when this prosthesis is placed in position so that the abdominal muscles find the conditions closest to their normal function.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1977

[Interest and limits of arteriography in one case of abdomino-pelvic trauma (author's transl)].

Hepatic and pelvic arteriography were carried out in one case of trauma of the liver and pelvis. Initial hepatic arteriography did not give more information than per-operative cholangiography. Secondary hepatic arteriography suggests the presence of lesions which, in fact, do not exist. Pelvic arteriography permitted us to localise on one obturator artery, the origin of a voluminous retroperitoneal hematoma. We were able to stop the hemorrhage by embolisation and this facilitated surgical removal of the hematoma.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1977

[Assessment of 81 traumatic vascular lesions of the limbs (author's transl)].

A review of 81 cases of vascular trauma of the limbs in 75 patients treated at the Grenoble University Hospital from 1967 to 1975 confirms the classical etiological, pathological and clinical findings. Analysis of the results led us to emphasise the necessity of bone and vascular repair which should be complete from the start, verified by peroperative radiological control. The application of now well-established rules to the treatment of vascular trauma should lead to a better prognosis in the case of popliteal lesions (76 p. cent of good results out of 17 revascularisations).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

A study of mortality and urinary excretion of oxalate in male rats following acute experimental intoxication with diethylene-glycol. Preliminary report.

Acute intoxication by diethylene glycol (LD 50) in male rats is associated with a considerable urinary excretion of oxalate, which is significantly decreased by alkalinisatin and/or intraperitoneal injection of ethanol with hydration. Mortality during the five days following intoxication is significantly decreased by major hydration only or together with pyridoxine administration, but is cancelled by major hydration together with alkalinisation or intraperitoneal administration of ethanol, plus hydration, with or without alkalinisation. -- It might be inferred that diethylene glycol has the same metabolic pathway as ethylene glycol and treatment of acute intoxication by diethylene-glycol should be the same as that of acute poisoning with ethylene glycol.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Determination of chloroquine in biological material by gas-liquid chromatography (author's transl)].

A method is developed for the gas chromatographic determination of chloroquine after extraction from biological material, using medazepam as the internal standard and a column filled with 3% OV-17 on Gas-Chrom Q. The detection limits are: 0.15 mug/ml of urine, 0.25 mug/ml of whole blood, and 1.50 mug/g of tissue. The technique can be applied in toxicological analysis and in monitoring drug levels.

Chloroquine↗
PubMed1975

[Treatment of fractures of the humerus by intramedullary fixation].

The Hackethal's technique of intramedullaring wiring for humeral fracture represents the immobilisation procedure particularly convenient for this bone. This procedure can be realised without special instrumentation with Kirschner's wires and image intensifior. To allow the approach of the fracture, the patient's position is choosed upon the topography of the lesion. The intramedullaring wiring is always done from down to up. Indications for this procedure are: humeral shaft fracture, humeral neck fracture, and fractures of the shaft and of the neck. During the reduction of the fracture, the immoderate use of a image intensifior seams to be the major risk. Hackethal's technique for medullary wiring was used in 21 patients, only one pseudarthrosis was noted. The fonctionnal recovery of the arm is usually realised in three months.

Adolescent↗