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Biomedical subjects

A Dunky

Publications and source records attributed to A Dunky.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Meclofenamate sodium in the treatment of acute gout. Results of a double-blind study.

20 patients with an attack of acute gout participated in this double-blind study, ten patients received N-(2,6-dichloro-m-tolyl)anthranilic acid, sodium salt (meclofenamate sodium, Meclomen) and ten indometacin. The median time interval between onset of attack and onset of treatment was 11 h in the meclofenamate sodium group and 14 h in the indometacin group; medication was started with a dose of 200 mg meclofenamate sodium or 25 mg indometacin followed by 100 mg meclofenamate sodium or 25 mg indometacin every 4 h for the first 24 h. Thereafter patients received 100 mg meclofenamate sodium or 50 mg indometacin at 8-h intervals for 6 days. Similar improvement of intensity of spontaneous pain, swelling, tenderness of touch and degree of limitation of function was noted in patients of both treatment groups. This improvement could already be noted after 24 h of treatment and was sustained throughout the medication period and follow-up period. Adverse reactions were reported by 2 patients in the meclofenamate sodium group and by 5 patients in the indometacin group. The results of this double-blind study indicate that meclofenamate sodium in the dose administered was equally effective in relieving pain and inflammation and restoring restricted function in patients with acute gout as indometacin when used in the generally recommended dose for this indication. Meclofenamate sodium, even at these high dosage levels, was better tolerated than indometacin.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1983

Pharmacokinetic studies on diponium bromide.

The body elimination kinetics and the metabolic pathway of intravenously administered diponium bromide ((2-[alpha,alpha-dicyclopentylacetoxy)- ethyl] triethylammonium bromide) were studied. The rapid alpha- distribution phase had a t 1/2 of 4 to 11 minutes. The elimination rate varied between 2.3 and 7.7 hours. The distribution volume was 29.64 +/- 15.03 l, the total body clearance was 72.99 +/- 28.52 ml/min, and the renal clearance showed a mean value of 45.03 +/- 12.51 ml/minute. Thin layer chromatography of extracts derived from urine and faeces showed unchanged DB and a metabolite in urine; in the faeces of some volunteers three metabolites were detected, which were characterized by their Rf-values. DB does not bind to erythrocytes but to plasma proteins.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Therapeutic efficacy of slow-release allopurinol in gout and hyperuricaemia (author's transl)].

The efficacy of a retard preparation of allopurinol is verified by biochemical, pharmacological and clinical investigations. The action of a 300 mg allopurinol tablet, with normal release and absorption parameters, is based on the specific activity of oxypurinol, a metabolite which is formed from allopurinol according to a biotransformation process. The inhibitory action of oxypurinol on xanthine oxidase amounts to only 1/5th of that of allopurinol. On the other hand allopurinol shows an extremely short half life, so that a slow-release preparation of allopurinol seems the better way of administration to get adequate uricostatic efficacy by a single dose over a 24-hour period.

Allopurinol↗
PubMed1976

Comparative clinical trial with a new substance, Diftalone, versus indomethacin in 30 patients affected with rheumatoid arthritis.

During a double-blind, randomized study on 30 patients affected with classic or definite rheumatoid arthritis, the efficacy and safety of treatment with diftalone in a per oral dosage of 500 mg/day were compared with those of indomethacin given orally at doses of 50-75 mg/day initially and 100 mg/day subsequently, for a treatment period of 24 months. In this long-term study, diftalone demonstrated that its effectiveness and safety in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis are clearly comparable to those of indomethacin.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

HFE genotyping demonstrates a significant incidence of hemochromatosis in undifferentiated arthritis.

OBJECTIVE: Hereditary hemochromatosis is a common autosomal recessive disorder of iron metabolism. Among Northern Europeans the carrier frequency is estimated to be 1 in 10, while up to 1 in 200 is affected by the disease. Arthropathy is one early clinical manifestation of this disease, but the articular features are often misdiagnosed. In this study the two frequent mutations of the HLA-linked hemochromatosis gene (HFE) were investigated in a rheumatology clinic population. METHODS: Two hundred and six consecutive patients (mean age 57.7 years; 38 male/168 female) attending a rheumatology clinic over a period of 14 months were screened for HFE mutations (C282Y and H63D). All standard diagnostic procedures were used to identify the aetiology of the arthropathy. Mutations were evaluated by separation on PAGE of digested PCR amplificates of DNA (by SnapI and Bcl-I, for C282Y and H63D, respectively) obtained from PBMCs. RESULTS: The C282Y and H63D allele frequencies were 4.5 and 12.8 in patients with rheumatic diseases. Five patients were homozygote for H63D (2.4%), and one for C282Y (0.5%). Five patients were compound heterozygous (2.4%). The observed C282Y allele frequency in rheumatic patients with undifferentiated arthritis was 12.9 and exceeded that of healthy subjects (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Determination of the HFE genotype is clinically useful in patients with arthritis of unknown origin, to allow early diagnosis of hemochromatosis.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Complement C3 cleavage product in synovial fluids detected by immunofixation.

54 synovial fluids (SFs), 46 of them derived from various inflammatory diseases (30 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) SFs, 8 undefined arthritis (UA) SFs, 8 psoriatic arthritis (PSA) SFs) and 8 SFs from degenerative joint diseases (OA) were tested for C3c split product, using the immunofixation method. There were significant differences in the C3c product between the four groups investigated. In the OA group in the mean the percentage of C3c was low in comparison to the native C3 (C3c = 2.95%). RA SFs and UA SFs showed considerably higher values (20.1% for RA and 23.2% for UA) which were statistically significant in comparison to the OA SFs. With the exception of one SF the PSA SFs exhibited a relatively low percentage of the cleavage product. Despite the one high value the average C3c content of the PSA SFs was not statistically different from the OA SFs. In contrast to this low percentage of the C3c split product the PSA SFs showed the highest C3 concentration of all groups (87.0 +/- 36.5 mg/100 ml). Immunofixation is a simple and effective tool to determine the C3c split product in SFs. It might also be helpful for establishing the differential diagnosis of PSA vs RA on the basis of the C3 level of the SF in those patients where an elevated level of C3 is present.

Arthritis, Psoriatic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Plasma fibronectin in the aged].

Biochemical and functional characteristics of the plasma fibronectin in very old human individuals (within the range 86a-95a) were investigated. While the molecular weight was unchanged as compared to control fibronectin, binding experiments showed a clear-cut reduction in the affinity to gelatin. The opsonizing activity for connective tissue fragments liberated by thermal injury or operation trauma is therefore reduced in old age and such particles are removed from the circulation at a slower pace. In contrast to the elevated plasma fibronectin concentration this group of very old people showed no general irregularities as far as acute phase proteins are concerned. In addition, the hemolytical activity of C1 and C3 complement components, which both form complexes with fibronectin, was unchanged.

Acute-Phase Proteins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Modulation of the migration and chemotaxis of PMN cells by hyaluronic acid.

Hyaluronic acid (HA) has a dose-related inhibiting effect on the migration and chemotaxis of polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) in vitro. These effects were measured with a new indirect quantitative assay. On average 1 mg HA/ml causes an inhibition to about 80% of the control (spontaneous migration). This effect increased progressively with an increasing HA concentration, and with 4 mg HA/ml only about 19% of the PMN were able to migrate in the in vitro system. Similar results were obtained in the presence of a potent chemotactic factor (leukotriene B4 [LTB4]). In the mean 1 ng LTB4/ml alone stimulated the chemotaxis of PMN by a factor of 3 compared to the spontaneous migration. The highest HA concentration (4 mg/ml) reduced the number of migrating PMN cells to about 17%. From these experiments it may be concluded that the HA in the synovial fluid of the healthy joint has a protective effect against the invasion of PMN cells. This functions is disturbed in inflamed joints by the decrease in the HA concentration and possibly by its depolymerization. The intraarticular application of high molecular weight HA might be an important therapeutic regimen to restore the natural barrier against PMN migration, also in the presence of chemotactic factors and could therefore be helpful for interrupting the inflammatory cascade.

Arthritis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Determination of growth hormone in plasma of psoriatic arthritis, psoriasis vulgaris and seronegative spondylarthritis].

By means of radio-immunoassay the concentration of human growth hormone (HGH) was measured in the blood plasma of 61 patients with psoriasis (21 suffering from psoriasis vulgaris and 40 with psoriatic arthritis), 30 patients with ankylosing spondylitis, 9 with atypical spondylarthritis and 34 patients with diseases of the soft tissue or degenerative joint and spinal column disease. No connection was found between the HGH concentration and the skin lesions in psoriasis. On the other hand a correlation between HGH and the sacroiliitis in psoriatic arthritis and seronegative spondyloarthropathies may be possible. In contrast to the plasma of psoriatics, the mean HGH concentration was higher in the plasma of patients with degenerative joint diseases. Therefore the results of this paper confirm those opinions in the literature which deny increased HGH concentrations in psoriatics. The beneficial effect of the therapeutic administration of somatostatin, an inhibitor of the release of HGH, in psoriasis vulgaris and psoriatic arthritis is - if indeed it occurs - attributable to other hitherto unidentified mechanisms.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Synovial level of interleukin 1 and C3a in chronic polyarthritis, psoriatic arthritis and activated arthritis].

Concentrations of interleukin-1 (IL-1), C3a des Arg and immune complexes (IC) were investigated in knee effusions of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA; n = 36), psoriatic arthritis (Ps.A., n = 19) and osteoarthritis (n = 7). Maximal concentrations of IC and C3a des Arg were found in RA patients, high IL-1-activities could be demonstrated in patients with Ps.A. and seropositive RA. We found significant correlations between IL-1 and C3a des Arg, IL-1 and IC and C3a des Arg, and IC in Ps.A. patients, but not in RA or osteoarthritis patients. The role of IL-1 in the chronic inflammatory response and joint destruction in inflammatory joint diseases is discussed.

Adult↗