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Biomedical subjects

A Donnet

Publications and source records attributed to A Donnet.

72 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Transient global amnesia followed by vertebrobasilar ischemia in a case of dolichoectatic basilar artery.

A 59-year-old hypertensive patient presented with transient global amnesia without neurological signs or symptoms. During the following 3 years, he experienced several attacks of vertebrobasilar insufficiency and a cerebellar infarction. CT scan and MRI found a partially thrombosed dolichoectatic basilar artery but no significant lesion within the limbic system. These data suggest transient global amnesia was due to a transient ischemia in the basilar artery distribution.

Amnesia↗
PubMed1989

[Subcortical dementia syndrome: semiology and physiopathology].

Among the dementia syndromes--that is, disorders of memory associated with a global alteration of cognitive functions sufficient to affect the subject's normal social behaviour--the current trend is to individualize a particular syndrome due to a primary dysfunction of the subcortical structures. The main characteristics of this syndrome are a slowing down of cognitive processes (bradyphrenia), a preferential disturbance of the fundamental processes (memory, motivation, attention, etc.) and a relative preservation of specific functions (speech, praxis, gnosis). Such a syndrome has been described not only in some cases of degeneration of the basal ganglia, but also in other brain diseases, notably vascular diseases, and in severe depressive states. Various recent clinical or fundamental studies have shed some light on the neuronal and neurochemical substrate of the syndrome, thus providing proof of the reality of the subcortical dementia concept which contributes to a better understanding of the relationship between brain and mental functions.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Current concept of pseudodementia].

The concept of pseudodementia was coined in the late XIXth century to refer to a syndrome mimicking dementia, but without underlying neurological lesions. Depressive disorders represent the main etiological factor and may present under two different forms, either "depressive cognitive disorders", or the more severe feature of "Wernicke's pseudodementia". The main issue remains diagnosing pseudodementia form organic dementia, especially from cortical degenerations of the Alzheimer type. Thus, the recognition of this clinical syndrome represents an alternative to the diagnosis of dementia which may lead to earlier and more effective psychiatric treatment. Recently, diagnostic criteria have been proposed to facilitate this distinction. Such criteria include clinical history, neuropsychological features, biological findings (dexamethasone suppression test and plasma MHPG) and electroencephalographic sleep studies. Finally, from a theoretical point of neurological conception of depression as well as for current hypotheses on the relationship of this last one with dementia.

Dementia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Musical hallucinations].

Musical hallucinations are rarely reported. Acquired deafness play an important role in their development. The anatomical and neurophysiological substrates for the musical hallucinations are unknown. Most authors related the perceptual disturbance to organic origin (central or peripheral).

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Kufs' disease presenting as progressive dementia with late-onset generalized seizures: a clinicopathological and electrophysiological study.

A 32-year-old woman presented with increasing motor difficulties and memory disturbances. Neurological examination only showed mild cerebellar and extrapyramidal symptoms, whereas neuropsychological evaluation disclosed severe cognitive changes consistent with dementia. Her motor and mental status progressively deteriorated until death, which occurred 5 years after the first admission. One year before death, while she was almost bedridden, symptoms of myoclonic epilepsy first appeared, with frequent generalized seizures and generalized myoclonus, occurring especially upon sensory stimulation or passive joint movements. Pathological examination showed neuronal inclusions typical of Kufs' disease. This case, with primary progressive dementia and late-onset myoclonic epilepsy, differs from previously reported cases. Three special electrophysiological features were abnormal, "giant", evoked potentials; unusually marked photosensitivity; and seizure induction by any sensory stimulation.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Acute psychiatric pathology disclosing subcortical lesion in neuro-AIDS].

Maccario et al. described, in 1987, the case of an HIV-positive patient whose psychotic symptomatology was the expression of right centrum semi-ovale lesion. We report the case of a patient who suffered a sudden delirium, expression of a probable right lenticular cerebral toxoplasmosis. This 35-year-old male homosexual, who had no psychiatric history, suddenly developed in November 1988 the following psychiatric signs: he started to walk back and forth incessantly, he had the impression that he was the subject of the conversations of the passers-by, that all the posters and notices refer to him, and that he was God. He was admitted in a psychiatric department where the symptoms were progressively curbed by neuroleptics (cyamemazine 75 mg, and haloperidol 15 mg). The episode was not questioned by the patient, but attributed to bad eating habits. HIV-positivity had been discovered a year later (during systematic screening). A computerized tomographic (CT) scan performed subsequently to this delirium was interpreted as normal. Four weeks later the patient was referred to us. The psychiatric condition was stabilized in spite of a certain aggressiveness and the probable persistence of an underlying delirium state. Laboratory examinations showed the following: blood count revealed leukopenia (2.2 G/l) and thrombocytopenia (135 G/l; OKT4/OKT8 ratio was 0.08; CSF: normal; sputum culture evidenced the presence of pneumocystis carinii; EEG were normal. Neuropsychological symptoms concerned in particular a lack of concentration during the different tests with a definitive wavering of attention. Lexical retrieval was poor whatever the topic proposed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Diagnostic criteria of depressive pseudodementia].

Ten patients fulfilling the DSM III (A, B, C, D) criteria for both dementia and major depression and presenting the diagnostic dilemma of depressive pseudodementia were included in a prospective study in search of indices for the differential diagnosis of depressive pseudodementia (DPSD) and organic dementia (OD). Patients were assessed with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), the Blessed Dementia Rating Scale (BDRS), the Wells's criteria, the Mini Mental State (MMS), computerized tomography (CT scan) of the brain, the dexamethasone suppression test (DST), total plasma 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) and sleep electroencephalograms (EEG). Patients suffering from DPSD were defined as showing an improvement higher than 50% in both the HDRS et BDRS scores following adequate antidepressant treatment. Wells's criteria, MMS scores, CT scan and DST do not contribute to the separation of DPSD (n = 6) and OD (n = 4). On the contrary, plasma MHPG levels higher than 35 ng/ml and EEG measures of sleep structure and REM sleep significantly differentiate the two groups.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Affective disorders, diabetes and carbohydrate metabolism].

In a medical and biological perspective, the authors analyse the relations existing between diabetes mellitus and affective disorders on the basis of clinical, therapeutic, metabolic, neuro-endocrinal and epidemiological arguments. Besides the presentation of an original clinical case, the principal data of literature are detailed and criticized; some orientations of the future research concerning the explaining of these relations are given as well.

Carbohydrate Metabolism↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Role of carbamazepine in the treatment of endogenous psychoses. Results of an open study].

The authors report the results of an open trial which aims at specifying the clinical profile of responders to carbamazepine among a population of twenty patients aged from fifteen to seventy, suffering from endogenous, schizophrenic, affective psychoses and paranoid states according to the criteria of the ICD 9. The trial points out a proof of Kishimoto's criteria and a preferential acting of the molecule on schizo-affective psychoses and mixed affective states. The results are interpreted according to psychopathological concepts from the Vienna school that highlight the clinical profile of the responders.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The basal forebrain. Neuroanato-physiology and neurologic applications].

The Basal Forebrain region comprises the heterogeneous set of telencephalic structures on the medial and ventral aspects of the cerebral hemisphere. Basal Forebrain structures include the septal areas, olfactory tubercule, substantia innominata, and parts of the amygdala. The basal forebrain region is the site of a system of cholinergic neurons projecting to the entire cortical surface. The Basal Forebrain is a site of convergence of sleep and thermoregulatory functions. Portions of the basal forebrain play prominent roles in the control of the body temperature. The medial preoptic/anterior hypothalamic areas have both thermosensiting and thermointegrating functions. Cholinergic neurons intrinsic to the Basal Forebrain play a fundamental role in sleep onset and maintenance. Neurons of the nucleus basalis of Meynert undergo a profound degeneration in patients with Alzheimer's disease and provide a pathological substrate of the cholinergic deficiency in their brain. Behavior changes and amnesic syndrome may complicate surgery for ruptured anterior communicating artery aneurysms. Disruption of the blood supply through the perforating branches of the anterior communicating artery may probably cause the amnesic syndrome.

Acetylcholine↗