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Biomedical subjects

A Davis

Publications and source records attributed to A Davis.

At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed1966

Field trials of ambilhar in the treatment of urinary bilharziasis in schoolchildren.

The deficiencies of the drugs used for the treatment of bilharziasis have limited attempts at control of the disease by chemotherapy. The present paper records a series of field trials with a new, orally administered, non-metallic schistosomicide, Ambilhar, in schoolchildren in an area of endemic urinary bilharziasis in Tanzania. The results indicate that the compound represents an important advance in the chemotherapy of Schistosoma haematobium infections. High cure rates and marked reduction of egg excretion in those not cured reveal prospects of wider population coverage by drug treatment of schoolchildren, the age-group most at risk and most in need of treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumors of the small intestine: a review of 50 cases from a prospective database.

BACKGROUND: Malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumors (M-GIST) are rare mesenchymal tumors originating in the wall of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Previous studies have included limited numbers of patients, and most included malignant and benign cases from throughout the GI tract. We reviewed the experience of a single tertiary cancer care center with M-GIST of the small intestine only. METHODS: A prospective database identified all patients seen from 1989 to 1998. Clinical and pathological data, treatment, and outcome were analyzed. Overall median follow-up time was 24 months (range, 1-176 months). RESULTS: Fifty patients (31 male, 19 female) were identified. Mean age at diagnosis was 55 years. Disease was localized in 11 patients, locally advanced (invasion into adjacent organs/peritoneum) in 24 patients, perforated in 4 patients, multiple primary lesions in 2 patients, and distant metastases in 9 patients. All patients underwent resection, which was complete in 70%. Locoregional recurrence (LR) developed in 43% (median, 25 months), and distant metastases in 59% (median, 21 months) of patients at risk. At last follow-up, 14 patients were alive (6 disease-free), 2 had died disease-free, and 34 died with recurrent disease. Overall survival (OS) was similar for localized and locally advanced disease; OS also was similar for patients with multiple primaries and distant metastases at diagnosis. Patients were grouped into three stages: (I) patients with localized and locally advanced disease; (II) patients with perforated; and (III) patients with multiple primaries and distant metastases. Actuarial OS at 5 years was 41% (n = 50)--42% for those with complete resection and 8% for incomplete resection. Univariable analysis showed that earlier stage at diagnosis (P = .001) and completeness of resection (P = .004) predicted for longer OS. CONCLUSIONS: Most patients with M-GIST of the small intestine relapse following resection, but survival may be prolonged. In univariable analysis, stage at presentation and complete resection were significant prognostic variables for OS; grade was not significant. Localized and locally advanced M-GIST of the small intestine have a mean OS > 5 years. Complete resection should be the goal of initial surgical treatment.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Supraventricular tachycardia after coronary artery bypass grafting surgery and fluid and electrolyte variables.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between fluid and electrolyte variables and the development of supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery. DESIGN: Retrospective chart review. Random selection from a list obtained from the medical records department and with use of the International Classification of Diseases code to identify patients undergoing their initial CABG. SETTING: Medical records department of a southeastern 600-bed urban referral hospital with a large cardiovascular surgical program. PATIENTS: Forty patients experiencing SVT and 40 patients not experiencing SVT during their stay in an intensive care unit after CABG. OUTCOME MEASURES: Fluid and electrolyte variables and the development of SVT in the intensive care unit after CABG. VARIABLES: Data collected included preoperative demographic variables such as age and gender; previous history of SVT, congestive heart failure, cardiac arrest, previous surgery, diabetes, hypertension, valve disease, tobacco use, obesity; preoperative and postoperative medications; postoperative laboratory values of potassium, calcium, and magnesium; intravenous intake; hourly urine output; and chest tube drainage. RESULTS: Demographic variables revealed that patients with SVT were older (p = 0.001) and had a higher incidence of preoperative SVT (p = 0.04). Although groups did not differ by numbers of patients with high or low potassium, calcium, or magnesium, patients receiving additional intravenous potassium by bolus after surgery had a higher incidence of SVT (p = 0.02). Patients who lost blood via the chest tube at a rate greater than 100 ml per hour for at least 1 hour after surgery had a higher incidence of SVT (p = 0.02). Patients with a urine output greater than 300 ml per hour for longer than 9 hours had an increased incidence of SVT (p = 0.02). In the patients experiencing SVT, 62% had it occur 24 to 48 hours after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that shifts in fluid and electrolytes may be important characteristics of patients in whom SVT will develop, which could lead to better identification and nursing management of SVT and improve hemodynamic status, patient recovery, and cost after CABG.

Coronary Artery Bypass↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hearing loss in patients with diabetic retinopathy.

With use of standard audiometric procedures, the hearing thresholds of patients with known diabetic retinopathy did not differ significantly from those of a control population group. However, use of a more subtle psychoacoustic tool--a filtered speech task--showed a definite difference in hearing acuity between the two groups.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dying in the USA and Japan: selected legal and ethical issues.

While Japan and the USA are culturally different, they face many of the same ethical and legal issues in the area of death and dying. Facing these issues at different times and in different ways, both countries have sought solutions that fit their own social values and traditions.

Aged↗