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Biomedical subjects

A Davis

Publications and source records attributed to A Davis.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

In vitro synthesis of adenovirus type 5 T antigens. II. Translation of virus-specific RNA from cells transformed by fragments of adenovirus type 5 DNA.

Virus-specific cytoplasmic RNA was isolated from rat cell lines transformed by fragments of adenovirus type 5 DNA, and the RNAs were translated in cell-free systems derived from wheat germ or rabbit reticulocytes. RNA was isolated from cell lines transformed by the following fragments: XhoI-C (leftmost 15.5%), HindIII-G (leftmost 8%), and HpaI-E (leftmost 4.5%). In addition, the adenovirus type 5-transformed human embryonic kidney line 293.C31 was investigated. The products were immunoprecipitated with serum from tumor-bearing hamsters and analyzed by electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. The results show that all transformed cells investigated contain early region 1a-specific RNAs which can be translated into proteins with molecular weights of 34,000 (34K), 36K, 40K, and 42K. Transformed cells that also contain an intact early region 1b synthesized RNA which can be translated into proteins with molecular weights of 19K and 65K. Minor proteins of 15K, 16K, 17.5K, 18K, 25K, and 29K were also observed, but these proteins could not be mapped unambiguously. Cells transformed by the 8% HindIII-G apparently lack RNA encoding the 65K protein, but they do contain RNA coding for the 19K protein.

Adenoviruses, Human↗
PubMed1981

The schistosomiasis problem in the world: results of a WHO questionnaire survey.

This article presents an overview of the magnitude of the schistosomiasis problem throughout the world, and is based on information on schistosomiasis control programmes provided by 103 countries in reply to a questionnaire circulated by the World Health Organization in 1976. According to the data either given in these replies, published, or provided in internal reports to WHO, schistosomiasis is one of the most widespread parasitic infections of man. Some 500 million people are thought to be exposed to infection and four main species of schistosomes are prevalent, together with their various intermediate snail hosts, in 73 countries. Control programmes are operating in 41% of responding endemic countries although they are on a national scale only in Brazil, Dominican Republic, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Japan, Morocco, Puerto Rico, St Lucia, Tunisia, and Venezuela. It appears that a maximum of only 1-2% of all cases have been treated, the most frequently used drugs being niridazole and hycanthone. A small number of efficient molluscicides are in regular use but their high cost precludes large-scale application. Installation of water supplies and health education are the most frequently used non-specific control measures. Nearly 50% of endemic countries use more than three different methods of control simultaneously. The national schistosomiasis control programmes in Brazil, Egypt, Iran, Japan, Puerto Rico, and Venezuela are examples of combined approaches that have resulted in a significant decline in the prevalence of schistosomiasis. Finally, some specific needs in research, control, and training of personnel are discussed.

Humans↗
PubMed1981

Principles of schistosomiasis control in relation to community health care.

The principles of community health care which contribute to control of schistosomiasis comprise 1. accurate demographic and epidemiological survey methods to delineate the numerator of infections over the population denominator, 2. sensitive and specific parasitological techniques to demonstrate the presence of infection and, in appropriate sub-samples, to quantify its intensity, 3. the use of an integrated system of multiple control measures based on an accurate assessment of the ecology of the area, the parasitological status of the inhabitants and the biology and biodynamics of the intermediate snail host, 4. the necessity of community participation in the survey phases and its cooperation in the implementation of physical habitat alteration, in simple aspects of chemical snail control and in health education through local leaders, 5. the employment of population-based chemotherapy. The use of a non-toxic, effective orally administered drug will be a major factor in promoting population compliance in large scale chemotherapeutic control measures and this had been confirmed by evidence derived from recent control campaigns in, for example, Egypt and Brazil. The advent of a new compound seemingly suitable for such use in African conditions augurs well for future control activities.

Community Health Services↗
PubMed1981

Teaching alcoholism to family medicine students.

Alcoholism is a major health problem in the United States, yet it has not received high priority in medical education. Although it affects many patients who attend the offices of family physicians, it frequently remains unrecognized. It is therefore an appropriate topic for a family medicine course and has been integrated into a third year clerkship at the University of Washington. Students are taught basic diagnostic and management skills by sensitizing them to the magnitude of the problem and addressing some professional attitudinal blocks. history taking skills emphasizing early recognition and intervention are stressed, and the role of community resources in treatment is demonstrated through discussion and site visits.

Alcoholics Anonymous↗
PubMed1980

Cerebral neuroblastoma with elevated nerve growth factor.

Cerebral neuroblastoma is often difficult to differentiate by clinical criteria from other central nervous system neoplasm. This report is of a young child with cerebral neuroblastoma and elevated nerve growth factor. This case illustrates the need for further studies into the usefulness of nerve growth factor in differentiating cerebral neuroblastoma from other central nervous system tumors.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1979

A kinetic study of the folding of nuclease B, a possible precursor of staphylococcal nuclease A.

Nuclease B, which contains an additional flexible amino acid sequence of 19 amino acid residues bound to the NH2-terminus of nuclease A, an extracellular nuclease of Staphylococcus aureus, has been investigated in order to determine the influence of the extra residues on the refolding of the nuclease A portion from the acid denaturated state by monitoring the change in tryptophan fluorescence using a stopped-flow technique. It was found that the kinetic parameters of this refolding is similar within experimental error for nuclease A and nuclease B for the entire course (up to 40 s) studied. Therefore, the extra residues do not appear to have any detectable effect on the dynamic events involved in the refolding process. Thus, the folding of the nuclease A portion of nuclease B appears to be thermodynamically and kinetically independent of the 19 residues at the amino-terminus.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1979

Solar dosimetry of the face: the relationship of natural ultraviolet radiation exposure to basal cell carcinoma localisation.

Measurements have been made of the distribution of natural ultraviolet radiation (UVR) at 41 sites on the face of a large fibreglass model of a head. The dosemeter used was the polymer film polysulphone. The results have been correlated with published values of the distribution of basal cell carcinomas on the face. Although the comparison has highlighted the problems of trying to relate frequency of skin tumour occurrence to sunlight exposure, the present results are compatible with the hypotheses that human skin cancer incidence increases with environmental UVR exposure, and that sunlight is not the only factor in the aetiology of basal cell carcinomas of the face.

Basal Cell Carcinoma↗
PubMed1979

The effect of iron and protein deficiency on the development of acquired resistance to reinfection with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis in rats.

Iron and protein deficiency delays the immunological rejection of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis from the small intestine of rats undergoing a primary infection with the parasite. In the present study, iron and protein deficiency significantly reduced acquired resistance to reinfection with N. brasiliensis. Repletion of deficient animals with iron and protein restored their capacity to mount an effective immune response to a secondary infection with the parasite. These results suggest that chemotherapy of helminthiasis should be integrated with nutritional supplementation.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

The user satisfaction survey: consumer evaluation of an inner city community mental health center.

The consumer movement has become a recognized force in American society. Yet consumer evaluation of community mental health services has largely been ignored or avoided particularly when users lack political or social power. As a first step toward increasing the accountability of providers to community users, a User Satisfaction Survey was developed. The 30-item scale is straightforward and requires 15 to 20 minutes to complete. The scale was field tested by 114 users of the adult outpatient services of an inner city community mental health center in Washington, D.C.

Adult↗