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Biomedical subjects

A Danziger

Publications and source records attributed to A Danziger.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

Reduced ultrasound velocity in tibial bone of young ballet dancers.

Young ballet dancers are at risk both for osteopenia, due to low body weight, inadequate nutrition and gonadal dysfunction, as well as for lower limbs stress fractures. However, a direct relationship between stress fractures and bone mass in dancers could not be demonstrated, raising the possibility that qualitative aspects of bone, such as elasticity, may be adversely affected in the dancers. To test this hypothesis, speed of sound, a physical parameter that reflects both quantitative and qualitative properties of bone, was determined at the tibial bone of 27 dance students and 27 non-dance students. The results were compared to bone mineral density at the tibia and the lumbar spine, measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. All three bone measurements were lower in the dance group, but the difference was statistically significant only for the tibial speed of sound. The role of tibial speed of sound measurement in assessing bone status in athletes warrants further exploration.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1984

Atypical CT findings in bacterial meningoencephalitis.

Computed tomography has become a valuable imaging modality in the evaluation and management of most intracerebral infections. We report two cases of intracranial infections with atypical CT findings, and attempt to correlate these findings with the pathophysiology.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Subdural empyema: CT findings.

CT scans in 49 patients with surgically proven subdural empyema were evaluated. The empyemas were crescentic or lentiform extra-axial hypodense collections (density approximating that of cerebrospinal fluid) with prominent, sharply etched medial rim enhancement. Enhancement of the adjacent cerebral cortex was identified in many cases. Mass effect was always present and in 10 cases so extensive that it overshadowed a small extra-axial collection. CT allowed for precise localization of the lesion, including contiguous or isolated involvement of the interhemispheric subdural space. Mortality was 12% (6/49 cases), a marked improvement when compared with mortality figures obtained prior to the advent of CT (40%). CT findings indicative of involvement of the adjacent parenchyma via retrograde thrombophlebitis with resultant infarction and/or abscess formation were associated with poor prognosis. Improvement in prognosis since the advent of CT is the direct result of early accurate diagnosis and timely intervention.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Empty sella of normal size in Sheehan's syndrome.

This report describes the findings of computed tomography of the sella turcica region in 13 women in whom postpartum hypopituitarism developed in the absence of a pituitary tumor. Seven patients had the typical history of severe postpartum hemorrhage (Sheehan's syndrome). Computed tomographic scanning in these patients revealed absence (in six patients) or marked reduction (in one patient) of the amount of demonstrable pituitary tissue. The pituitary fossa was occupied by material with the density of cerebrospinal fluid, resulting in the appearance of an "empty sella." Sella size was within the normal range in six of the seven patients and enlarged in one. The six remaining patients lacked a characteristic history of vascular collapse, although several did have postpartum complications. The radiologic findings in four of these patients were similar to those seen in the patients with typical Sheehan's syndrome: one patient had a partially empty sella and another had normal results of computed tomographic scanning. Thus, 11 of 13 women with postpartum hypopituitarism were noted to have an empty or partially empty sella of normal size. This report represents the first radiologic documentation of Sheehan's syndrome as a cause of the secondary empty sella, with the characteristic finding being an empty sella of normal size.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Cerebral toxoplasmosis in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

Patients suffering from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are being encountered more and more frequently. Because of their immunosuppressed state, they often present with opportunistic infections of the cerebrum. Herein, the case of a patient with AIDS who had cerebral toxoplasmosis is reported. Although the computed tomographic features are nonspecific for cerebral toxoplasmosis, they are interesting because of the considerable variation in type of enhancement and extent of lesions revealed by injection of contrast medium.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1983

Periventricular low density as a predictor of neurobehavioral outcome in very low-birthweight infants.

Sixty-four low-birthweight infants (less than 1500 g) were studied prospectively by cranial computerized tomography (CT) and by periodic neurobehavioral assessments. CT scans were obtained at 40 weeks postconceptional age. Neurobehavioral development was assessed by the Bayley Scales of Infant Development at seven, 12 and 18 months corrected age. 47 infants (73 per cent) had areas of diffuse periventricular low densities (PVLD). As a group, infants with PVLD had deviant Bayley scores for both mental and motor development at all follow-up ages. Scores for these infants were significantly lower than scores for infants with normal CT scans or scans with only focal low densities. It is concluded that very-low birthweight infants have an unexpectedly high prevalence of diffuse PVLD, and that this CT finding at 40 weeks postconceptional age is associated with abnormal neurobehavioral development throughout the first 18 months of life.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMed1982

Estimation of intracranial pressure by CT scan in closed head trauma.

The predictive values of certain features of computerized tomographic (CT) scans in estimating intracranial pressure (ICP) were investigated in 40 patients following closed head injuries. The various features of CT scans selected for study included ventricular compression, the size of the parenchymal mass lesion, midline shift, and an intraventricular clot. All patients with intraventricular clot exhibited severe elevation of pressure. Ventricular compression correlated well with the level of intracranial pressure. Size of the mass was found to be suggestive of pressure elevation but did not reach statistical significance. Midline shift showed no correlation with the intracranial pressure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

The value of computed tomography in tuberous sclerosis.

The computed tomography (CT) findings in 5 patients with tuberous sclerosis are presented. CT is recommended as a rapid, non-invasive, easily repeated investigative procedure for patients with clinically suspected tuberous sclerosis and epilepsy of unknown origin.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

CT findings with cerebral hemiatrophy.

CT examination of 71 patients with cerebral hemiatrophy revealed dilatation of the ventricle and low density of the cortex of the involved side in all cases. Thickening of the calvarium and a shift of the midline were found in about half of the patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

An analysis of 113 intracranial infections.

The location, source of infection, and CT characteristics of 90 intracerebral abscesses and 23 subdural empyemas are reported with special regard to capsule enhancement and surrounding cerebral edema.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Computer tomography in basal ganglia calcification.

The computer tomographic findings in basal ganglia calcification are presented. The incidence is much higher than previously recognised in all forms of hypoparathyroidism, on accout of the sensitivity of CT as compared to conventional radiography.

Basal Ganglia Diseases↗
PubMed1980

Computerized tomographic findings in mucoceles of the frontal and ethmoid sinuses.

Computerised tomography (CT) is a valuable aid in the investigation of diseases of the paranasal sinuses. Seven patients with surgically proven mucoceles of the frontal or ethmoid sinuses are presented. In each case, proptosis was the main presenting symptom. Although the diagnosis was suspected on plain skull radiographs, CT confirmed the benign nature of the lesion and gave an accurate display of its extent.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Basal ganglia calcification in postoperative hypoparathyroidism.

The presence of bilateral basal ganglia calcification was sought in nine patients with post-operative and two patients with primary hypoparathyroidism, using computerized axial tomography (CAT) and plain skull radiographs. Calcification was detected with CAT in seven patients; five with post-operative and both with primary hypoparathyroidism, but in only one was it demonstrable on plain X-ray films. The presence of calcification appeared to be related to the duration of the disease and possibly the degree of control of serum calcium. Six of the seven patients with cerebral calcification also had cataracts. The incidence of basal ganglia calcification in hypoparathyroidism is probably much greater than previously recognized, especially in post-operative hypoparathyroidism.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Computed tomographic findings in intracranial meningioma.

The computed tomographic findings in 54 patients with intracranial meningioma are presented. Computed tomography is a rapid, noninvasive and highly accurate method of diagnosing intracranial meningioma and, in most cases, the findings are specific for this tumor.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

The postoperative myelogram.

Myelographic changes after spinal operation are often difficult to interpret especially with regard to the differentiation between arachnoiditis and recurrent disc prolapse. The radiological appearances using iophendylate (Myodil) and the distinguishing features are discussed and illustrated.

Arachnoiditis↗
PubMed1979

Protean appearance of craniopharyngioma on computed tomography.

Craniopharyngiomas present a diverse appearance on computed tomography. Histological diagnosis is not always possible, but computed tomography is of great assistance in the delineation of the tumour as well as of the degree of associated hydrocephalus. Computed tomography also enables rapid non-invasive follow-up after surgery or radiotherapy, or both.

Craniopharyngioma↗