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Biomedical subjects

A Daneman

Publications and source records attributed to A Daneman.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Congenital hepatic fibrosis with saccular dilatation of intrahepatic bile ducts and infantile polycystic kidneys.

A case report is presented of a child who died in the neonatal period and who had the sonographic findings of multiple, tubular, fluid-filled spaces in the liver characteristic of Caroli's disease. There was an echodense renal cortex and pyramids. Necropsy findings were consistent with Caroli's disease but the liver also showed evidence of congenital hepatic fibrosis and there was infantile type polycystic disease of the kidneys.

Bile Duct Diseases↗
PubMed1986

Compensation filtration in paediatric double contrast barium enema examinations.

A prospective study of double contrast barium enema examinations performed on 42 children aged 2.5-19 years (mean age 12.3 years) showed that compensation filtration improved the radiographic quality in 32 (76%) of the examinations; it also reduced radiation dosage in all patients. In no examination was the use of a filter deleterious. Compensation filtration is recommended for all paediatric double contrast barium enema examinations to improve radiographic quality and reduce radiation dosage.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Focal adrenal hemorrhage: a new US appearance.

The ultrasonographic (US) appearance of neonatal adrenal hemorrhage has been described as a mass obliterating the normal contour of the entire gland. In the four cases described, different US appearances were found: In three, the hemorrhage was focal with the uninvolved portion of the gland visualized adjacent to the hemorrhage; in the fourth patient, hemorrhage involved primarily the medulla. Excellent computed tomographic or pathologic correlation with the US appearance was demonstrated. These findings suggest that adrenal hemorrhage should be considered in the differential diagnosis of focal adrenal masses in the neonate.

Adrenal Gland Diseases↗
PubMed1986

Value of the peroral pneumocolon in children.

This is the first study in children of the use of the peroral pneumocolon, which entails insufflation of air per rectum to examine the terminal ileum and cecum in conjunction with a conventional barium follow-through examination. Of 1188 conventional barium follow-through examinations performed during 2 1/2 years, results were ambiguous in 13 patients, who then underwent a peroral pneumocolon study. This study showed terminal ileitis in six patients, confirming the diagnosis of Crohn disease in five and Behçet syndrome in the other. In four patients peroral pneumocolon findings were normal. More extensive cecal or proximal ileal disease was shown in three patients by peroral pneumocolon, and fistulae suspected on conventional study were confidently excluded in two others. In all 13 the examination was well tolerated, and avoided further, more invasive procedures. The peroral pneumocolon is a useful procedure in children for these indications.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Sonography of the normal and abnormal stomach (excluding hypertrophic pyloric stenosis in children.

Prospective sonographic evaluation after water ingestion in 25 normal children aged 2 days to 15 years (mean 6.3 years) demonstrated that normal gastric wall thickness was less than 3 mm. Gastric walls of 5-15 mm thickness were seen in nine of about 6500 children undergoing abdominal sonographic examinations. These nine patients had a variety of unusual diseases, including varioliform gastritis, gastric ulcer, lymphoid hyperplasia, and gastric hamartoma. Previously unreported sonographic appearances were seen. The sonographic examination was instrumental in the detection of five clinically unsuspected gastric lesions and helpful in follow-up in four others.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

The value of the small bowel enema in children.

Thirty-one small bowel enema (SBE) examinations performed in children over a four-year period have been reviewed. Thirteen of the patients had had a recent conventional barium follow-through (CBFT) examination resulting in a diagnostic dilemma. In 4 of these 13, mass lesions had been suspected and the SBE confirmed a diagnosis of Crohn's disease and thus laparotomy was avoided. In four others, where the terminal ileum had been poorly seen on CBFT, the SBE clearly indicated Crohn's disease. In the remaining five, although the CBFT examination had suggested an abnormality, the SBE results were obviously normal. Of the other 18 patients, all without a recent CBFT study, the SBE provided useful information in 17 and was unhelpful in 1 patient. Thus, the small-bowel enema is a valuable investigation in pediatric patients particularly if adhesions or small-bowel tumors are suspected, or when a conventional study fails to demonstrate the terminal ileum adequately or is not diagnostic.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Computed tomography of hemangiomas and related soft-tissue lesions in children.

The varied computed tomographic (CT) appearances of 19 hemangiomas and related soft-tissue lesions in 17 children were assessed retrospectively. Good CT-tissue correlation was obtained in 11 patients in whom histology was available. Although most cutaneous vascular lesions can be diagnosed by their characteristic clinical features, their extent may be difficult to assess clinically and at surgery. CT is important in defining the extent of these lesions as a guide for the surgeon, and for conservative follow-up. The often characteristic CT appearances also help in the diagnosis of the few patients with unusual clinical presentations.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1986

Pancreatic cysts and calcification in cystic fibrosis.

We describe the computed tomographic (CT) and sonographic appearances of large pancreatic cysts found in a review of pancreatic ultrasonography of two patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Both patients had clinical evidence of pancreatic insufficiency, and one also had evidence of calcification in the body of the pancreas. These cysts, which have rarely been seen in older patients with CF, are not associated with a history of trauma or pancreatitis. Cyst formation requires not only obstruction of the small pancreatic ducts by secretions and cellular debris but also the presence of some residual functioning acinar tissue proximal to the obstruction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Primary and secondary tumors of childhood involving the heart, pericardium, and great vessels. A report of 75 cases and review of the literature.

Between 1919 and 1981, 16 children with primary cardiac tumors (8 rhabdomyomas, 5 fibromas, 2 myxomas, and 1 rhabdomyosarcoma) and 59 children with secondary tumors of the cardiovascular system were seen at The Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto. Distant metastases in 45 children of the latter group, in descending order of frequency, were from non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, neuroblastoma, soft tissue and bone sarcoma, Wilms' tumor, and hepatoma, and involved the myocardium and pericardium. In the remaining 14 children, tumor thrombi from Wilms' tumor (9 cases), adrenal (2 cases) and hepatocellular carcinoma (2 cases), and endodermal sinus tumor (1 case) extended directly into the great veins and/or cardiac chambers. Children with primary and secondary tumors often present with nonspecific clinical, plain radiographic, electrocardiographic, and M-mode echocardiographic findings. Early recognition, utilizing special diagnostic procedures such as two-dimensional echocardiography, computerized axial tomography, angiocardiography, and inferior venocavography, followed by elective surgical resection of tumor under cardiopulmonary bypass and/or radiation and chemotherapy, offers patients with cardiovascular tumors the best chance of cure.

Angiocardiography↗
PubMed1985

Hemorrhage and cyst development in the cavum septi pellucidi and cavum Vergae. Report of three cases.

Three newborn preterm infants are reported in whom sonography and CT showed abnormalities of the cavum septi pellucidi and cavum Vergae. Hemorrhage into the cavum was noted in two and an acquired cyst developed in the third. These lesions are rare and appear to be of little clinical significance in the three reported infants. All three had associated intraventricular hemorrhage.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMed1985

Unusual position of the spleen--a report of two patients.

An unusual position of the spleen may cause diagnostic difficulties and may mimic disease. We report two patients with an unusual position of the spleen. In one, congenital absence of the lieno-renal ligament allowed unusual mobility of a bilobed spleen with intermittent torsion. In the other the spleen descended into the left renal fossa following left adrenalectomy and nephrectomy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Diagnostic imaging of liver masses in children.

We reviewed the investigation of liver masses in 45 children. Plain films of the abdomen (in 42) and radionuclide liver and spleen scans (in 38) were nonspecific, although the latter had a sensitivity of 100%. Sonography detected lesions in 39 of the 40 patients in whom it was performed (sensitivity 97.5%), and suggested a specific diagnosis in 16 (41%). Computerized tomography (CT) detected all lesions (sensitivity 100%) and gave more information than the other modalities in 17 of the 38 cases (44.7%), as well as the best definition of the extent of liver lesions. Sonography should be the initial modality of choice in children with suspected liver masses but, in most patients, CT is the single most helpful method for defining the extent of such masses. In addition, CT may also show extrahepatic disease. In a particular clinical context, the characteristic CT pattern of contrast enhancement is diagnostic of hemangioma. Angiography provides a preoperative map of abdominal vasculature in patients with malignant disease or vascular aneurysm, and is indicated for this purpose.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Extracranial metastases in childhood primary intracranial tumors. A report of 21 cases and review of the literature.

A clinical and pathologic review of primary intracranial tumors (917 cases in a 62-year period) at The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, identified 21 cases with systemic metastases (2.3%). This included 15 cases of medulloblastoma and 1 case each of astrocytoma, meningeal sarcoma, malignant melanoma, ependymoblastoma, teratoma, and endodermal sinus tumor, adding to the pediatric literature of 94 previously reported cases (72 medulloblastoma and 22 cases of other brain tumors). Like adults, children with medulloblastoma tend to develop bone and bone marrow metastases, while those with other brain tumors frequently invade adjacent tissues, and then spread to regional lymph nodes and the lungs. The prognosis is almost uniformly fatal, although prolonged palliation could be achieved with radiation and/or chemotherapy. The pathogenesis of systemic metastases is related to breakage of the blood-brain barrier, whether at surgery, or with tumor invasion into vascular channels, and especially with preoperative systemic-cerebrospinal fluid shunting. Thirteen of 16 patients who developed systemic metastases, including 5 with peritoneal involvement, had ineffective or no millipore filters within their shunts, suggesting their possible prophylactic role against tumor dissemination. A greater understanding of the pathogenesis of systemic metastases may aid the design of future effective preventive measures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

A rare cause of spinal cord compression in childhood from intraspinal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma. A report of two cases and review of the literature.

Two children presented with acute spinal cord compression by primary and metastatic intraspinal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma, a rare pediatric malignancy. Patients with the primary intraspinal tumor usually present early and often respond well to combined surgery, irradiation and chemotherapy. Patients with intraspinal metastases present late in the course of their disease and their prognoses are poor.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Pheochromocytoma in childhood: the important role of computed tomography in tumour localization.

The radiographic features of five children with nine pheochromocytomas are reviewed. Seven of eight lesions studied by CT were accurately localized. One 1.5 cm diameter extra-adrenal lesion, studied with a 2-min scanner, was not detected. Angiography failed to detect two of seven lesions. Fast scan and high resolution CT of the entire abdomen and pelvis is recommended as the initial modality of choice in children suspected of having pheochromocytoma. Chest CT need only be performed if a lesion is suspected on a chest radiograph or if the abdominal and pelvic CT reveal no lesion.

Adolescent↗