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Biomedical subjects

A Dalen

Publications and source records attributed to A Dalen.

49 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

The prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis in the cervix of puerperal women, and its consequences for the outcome of pregnancy.

During a five-month period all puerperal women at the Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital of Trondheim, Norway, were screened for Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis) from the cervix uteri on the 4-6th day postpartum. Outcomes of the pregnancies were examined. The prevalence of C. trachomatis in the total population of 599 eligible women was 5.8% (35:599), while 3.0% (18:599) of the cultures were inconclusive. The prevalence of C. trachomatis in women aged less than 20 years was 25.8%; aged 20-24 years, 8.9% and greater than 24 years, 2.3%. The prevalence of C. trachomatis among women living alone was 17.2%; among women in cohabitation, 9.2% and among married women, 3.2%. There was no relationship between the presence of C. trachomatis and preterm birth, birth weight and birth weight for gestation, stillbirth or neonatal death. During the first fourteen postpartum days no puerperal infections were seen among chlamydia-positive mothers. The chlamydia-positive women and their partners were then treated with erythromycin stearat 1,000 mg daily for 12 days. Samples for cervix 14 days after completion of the treatment were chlamydia-negative for all 35 women. Screening all pregnant women under the age of 25 years would detect 80% of the pregnant population harbouring C. trachomatis in the cervix uteri. Based on findings from this study and from cost-benefit analyses, we recommend screening of all pregnant women under the age of 25 years in our attachment area.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

A new technique to register proliferation of clonogenic cells from brain tumors.

The soft agar technique for culturing human clonogenic tumor cells has been usefully applied for predicting individual clinical responses to chemotherapy, for screening of new antineoplastic drugs, and in basic biological research. The counting of colonies formed by clonogenic cells is, however, a rather time consuming and inaccurate procedure. We here report a method to combine the easy and precise registration of DNA-synthesis by 3H-thymidine incorporation with the ability of soft agar to permit proliferation of clonogenic cells and inhibit proliferation of non-neoplastic cells. The glioma cell lines U 251 MG and T-MG 1, the benignant glia cells T-BG 1, T-BG 2, T-BG 3 and fibroblasts were cultured in Furcellaran gel. Twenty hours before harvesting 3H-thymidine was added. The Furcellaran gel was resolved by 50 mM LiI. The cells were trapped on glass fiber filters and incorporated radioactivity was measured. 3H-thymidine incorporation in malignant cells increased exponentially with time, while 3H-thymidine incorporation in the benignant glia cells and fibroblasts was inhibited. The correlation between number of colonies counted after 16 days and 3H-thymidine incorporation registered after different culture times was very good. The correlation was best when the cultures were harvested after 8 days (r = 0.95), indicating that it is possible to reduce the assay time. The five glioma biopsies tested grew well with a mean plating efficiency of 0.4% (range 0.02-1.8%). The most intense proliferation seemed to take place during the first week in culture. The good correlation between 3H-thymidine incorporation on day 7 and colony number on day 14 (r = 0.93), indicate that reduction of assay time is possible also for the glioma biopsies.

Agar↗
PubMed1980

Antibodies against extractable components from Propionibacterium acnes in humans with and without acne vulgaris.

Acidic polysaccharides (AP) are released from Propionibacterium acnes I and II during growth. Similar antigens are released from two strains of P. avidum, but in a smaller amount. Furthermore, prostaglandin-like substances (PLS) have been isolated from the lipid fraction of P. acnes. The AP antigens give rise to a precipitation reaction against a large proportion of normal sera. However, significantly higher antibody titre levels towards the AP fraction were found in patients with severe acne vulgaris. No rise of antibodies was found towards PLS. These findings suggest that AP's may contribute to the inflammatory response in acne vulgaris as antigens, whereas PLS, as one of the potential mediators trigger development of the initial lesions.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1978

Acute hemolytic anemia related to diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus vaccination.

Three infants developed severe hemolytic anemia following the second or third diphtheria-pertussistetanus vaccination. Direct antiglobulin tests were positive, and the infant most severely affected also had reduced serum complement levels, indicating an immunological mechanism for the hemolysis. The presence of IgM on the erythrocytes from 2 of the infants could be demonstrated by antiglobulin tests or immunization experiments. Heat eluates of the erythrocytes from one of the infants contained antibodies to tetanus and diphtheria toxoids, as well as to Bordetella pertussis, suggesting that these antibodies were antigenically bound to the erythrocytes. Virus antibodies or isoagglutinins, present in the serum, were not found in the eluate. No antibodies against the vaccine components could be demonstrated in eluates of erythrocytes from control subjects. In vivo experiments showed that tetanus and diphtheria toxoids were easily bound to human erythrocytes. This finding could help explain the pathogenesis of the autohemolysis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1978

The presence in faecal extracts of bacterial cell wall components resembling viral structures.

Electron microscopy of faecal extracts frequently shows organized structures which have a superficial resemblance to viral material in that it is more heterogenous and consists mainly of vesicles and tubules covered by subunits arranged in different patterns. Evidence is presented that this kind of material is derived from detached outer layers of bacterial cell walls.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1977

A human IgA myeloma protein interacting with staphylococcal alpha-toxin and protein A.

High anti-staphylolysin activity was found in the serum from a patient with multiple myeloma. The activity was confined to the monoclonal IgA protein and was dependent on an intact Fc part of the molecule. An Fc-dependent interaction with protein A was also demonstrated. In addition, a part of the monoclonal IgA was found to be complexed with alpha2-macroglobulin. The results imply an unusual Fc-reactivity of the IgA protein.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Fetal thymus transplantations in severe combined immunodeficiency.

Two brothers with severe combined immunodeficiency were treated with repeated transplantations of fetal thymus tissue. The first patient was not treated until he was critically ill, and the intramuscular transplants had no effect. He died at 11 months of age of overwhelming pneumonia. At postmortem examination a transplanted thymus seemed viable. In the second patient an intramuscular transplant had no effect, but three subsequent intraperitoneal transplants led to transient increase in circulating T lymphocytes with a concomitant fall in B lymphocytes. The results suggested an additive effect of each transplant. However, delayed hypersensitivity skin tests and in vitro mitogen responses were not influenced. Initially, transfer factor was given, and fetal liver was administered intraperitoneally together with the last thymic transplant. Neither of these measures had any observed effect, and this patient, similarly, died of pneumonia at nearly 12 months of age.

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1975

Human orf.

Human orf is usually considered a rare disease caused by a virus belonging to the paravaccinia subgroup of pox viruses and transmitted to man from sheep and goats. This paper presents 119 new human cases with epidemiological, clinical, histopathological and ultrastructural findings. Erythema multiforme was found to be a common complication of human orf. Other complications tended to be caused by overtreatment. Electron microscopy of negatively stained suspensions from lesions was found to be the best and most rapid diagnostic method available.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Amplification of the epidermal growth factor receptor gene in human gliomas.

Biopsy specimens of 19 human gliomas (10 glioblastomas, 2 anaplastic astrocytomas, 4 astrocytomas, one mixed glioma, one oligodendroglioma and one ependymoma) were examined for amplification of tumour-related genes located on chromosome 7: the proto-oncogene c-erb-B1 (encoding the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR], the proto-oncogene c-met, the platelet-derived growth factor A-chain gene, and the plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 gene. Gene amplification was observed in 6 glioblastomas, and the EGFR gene was the only chromosome-7-gene examined that was amplified. The selective EGFR gene amplification in human glioblastomas suggests its potential role in the progression of some of these tumours.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

EGF-effects in vitro and in vivo on a carcinoma cell line rich in EGFR.

T-CAR1 is a human carcinoma cell line established from a brain metastasis. The tumour cells overexpress EGFR and contain an amplified EGFR gene. In vitro in the presence of 5% human serum the tumour cells grow as adherent cells in monolayer. Shortly after exposure to EGF a large number of tumour cells round up and detach, whereas some remain adherent. At the same time a redistribution of actin occurs. Cytochalazin B prevented this reaction, which indicates that actin is involved in the detachment of the tumour cells. The EGF-detached tumour cells however, did not differ from the tumour cells which remained adherent after EGF-exposure with regard to parameters such as growth in soft agar, growth response to EGF, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interferon-gamma, and carmustin (BCNU), level of EGFR gene expression and EGFR gene amplification, S-phase fraction, and amount of DNA. It was speculated whether the EGF-induced cellular detachment in vitro could be correlated to metastatic potential in vivo or not. In order to address this issue, in vivo studies with subcutaneous T-CAR1 tumours in nude mice were performed. Administration of EGF resulted in growth stimulation in contrast to growth inhibition in vitro, whereas no effect of EGF on the metastatic potential was observed. Thus, the EGF-mediated tumour cell detachment seems to be restricted to in vitro conditions only.

Actins↗