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Biomedical subjects

A D Woolf

Publications and source records attributed to A D Woolf.

122 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Factor VIII related antigen in the assessment of vasculitis.

Factor VIII related antigen, an endothelial cell product, was markedly raised in systemic necrotising arteritis, reflecting disease activity, but was not raised in active cutaneous vasculitis. In rheumatoid arthritis high levels were only found in systemic vasculitis or Felty's syndrome, but in other connective tissue diseases increased levels were more frequently detected and usually related to disease activity. It did not correlate with C reactive protein. It was also raised in non-inflammatory peripheral vascular disease and after surgery and was not specific for vasculitic endothelial damage. Factor VIII related antigen may be useful in identifying and monitoring systemic necrotising and large vessel arteritis.

Antigens↗
PubMed1987

Parvoviruses: infections and arthropathies.

Parvoviruses (PVs) are unique in that they are the only single-stranded DNA viruses of vertebrates. Two human PVs have now been described and characterized, and genomes sequenced: B19 and RA-1. The B19 PV is known to be associated with arthritis in humans, and RA-1 was recovered from the synovial cells of a patient with rheumatoid arthritis. This article will discuss the nature of these two viruses, their possible relationships to chronic joint disease of humans, and the clinical illnesses of B19 infection.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1986

HLA and acute arthritis following human parvovirus infection.

HLA-DR4 frequency was raised in patients with persistent acute arthritis following human parvovirus infection, suggesting that DR4 positive individuals are more susceptible to develop joint complications following human parvovirus infection.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1986

Idiopathic haemorrhagic rupture of the shoulder in destructive disease of the elderly.

The cases of two patients with hydroxyapatite crystal associated destructive disease of the shoulder are described who have developed gross haemorrhagic effusions with spontaneous joint rupture and extensive soft tissue damage. No collagenase activity was found in the synovial fluid. Other possible mechanisms of the destructive process are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Adolescence and its discontents: attentional disorders among teenagers and young adults.

Attention deficit disorder (ADD) is the most commonly diagnosed childhood behavioral condition in the United States. This condition has important implications for and influences on adolescent development and adult functioning including emotional and conduct disorders, poor socialization, and school underachievement. In addition it has only been appreciated recently that some symptoms of ADD persist and can be identified among adolescents and young adults. In some situations, ADD may be newly identified during adolescence. Similar to younger children with ADD, a multi-modality approach to the management of adolescents with ADD is recommended.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Human parvovirus arthropathy.

19 of 153 patients attending an early-synovitis clinic were shown to have been recently infected by the human parvovirus (HPV). 5 other patients had evidence of some other closely preceding infection. HPV-infected patients typically presented with symmetrical peripheral polyarthropathy of sudden onset and moderate severity. Usually there was some improvement within 2 weeks, but in 17 patients symptoms persisted for more than 2 months, and in 3 for more than 4 years. Arthropathy in the absence of the facial rash that characterises HPV infection in children is a common presentation of the infection in adults.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Osteoporosis. An update on management.

Osteoporosis is the reduction of expected bone mass. This results in structural failure with an increased risk of fracture and it is the most common bone disorder encountered. Bone mass declines with age, and in some people will fall below the threshold for easy fracture. This loss is accelerated in the postmenopausal period. Trauma and the internal trabecular structure of bone are additional determinants of risk of fracture. Effective management of osteoporosis depends on identifying and treating those at risk before reaching the critical bone mass and presenting with skeletal failure. There are limitations to methods available for assessing bone loss, and the final arbiter of any treatment is prevention of fracture. Primary prevention involves maximising peak adult bone mass and reducing the rate of bone loss. This may be attained by exercise, adequate dietary calcium, and the identification and treatment of risk factors such as postmenopausal hormone replacement. Once skeletal failure has occurred, long term treatment is required to have a clinically significant effect. Increasing bone mass cannot be assumed to reduce the risk of fracture, and such a reduction has not been directly demonstrated for several agents. Calcium supplements, hormone replacement therapy and fluoride are probably effective in reducing fracture rate, particularly when used in combination, whereas the efficacy of anabolic steroids, calcitonin and diphosphonates is yet to be established. Vitamin D is only of use in coexistent osteomalacia. The limitation of significantly strengthening the skeleton during the life expectancy of the elderly must be realised.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Pharmacokinetic observations on piroxicam in young adult, middle-aged and elderly patients.

Nineteen out of 21 patients with painful conditions of the locomotor system aged between 27 and 94 years completed a study in which they received 20 mg piroxicam daily for 14 days. Plasma piroxicam concentrations were estimated by high performance liquid chromatography. Pharmacokinetic analysis of the data showed the half-life and systemic clearance of piroxicam to be unaffected by age. The apparent volume of distribution in older patients was higher than that of younger subjects. Multiple regression analysis showed that creatinine clearance and plasma albumin concentration had insignificant effects on the systemic piroxicam clearance. Although improvement in joint pain and stiffness occurred during the 2 week study period, this could not be correlated with plasma piroxicam concentration.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Injuries in children sustained in free falls: an analysis of 66 cases.

Sixty-six children who fell distances up to 96 feet were studied to determine the frequency and patterns of injuries sustained. Upper extremity, skull, and femoral fractures were most common; there was only one pelvic fracture and one os calcis fracture. Two of the children died, and 64 children returned to normal activities.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of iron deficiency anemia on lead distribution after intravenous dosing in rats.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of iron deficiency anemia on blood and tissue lead distribution. METHODS: 24 weanling rats were divided into 2 groups. One group received an iron replete diet (200 ppm); the other received a low iron diet (20 ppm). After 24 days, each group was further subdivided into two doses of lead (5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg) which was administered intravenously. Rats were continued on their respective diets for 7 days post-lead injection to allow tissue distribution, then sacrificed and blood and tissue lead concentration measured. RESULTS: Prior to lead administration, baseline blood lead concentrations were not significantly different between groups. At sacrifice, whole blood lead levels were significantly higher in iron deficient animals than in iron replete at both 5 and 10 mg/kg administered lead. Iron deficient animals had comparable lead concentrations to iron replete animals in brain, kidney and liver. Femur lead concentrations were higher at 10 mg/kg administered lead. CONCLUSION: Iron deficiency alters lead distribution such as that increased lead is found in blood for a given exposure.

Anemia, Iron-Deficiency↗