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Biomedical subjects

A D Mackay

Publications and source records attributed to A D Mackay.

26 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

The response of asthmatic patients and normal subjects to maximum respiratory manoeuvres. Spirometry--induced bronchoconstriction.

Fourteen atopic asthmatics, 12 non-atopic asthmatics, and 14 normal subjects performed a series of pairs of FEV1.0 measurements, with the first and second measurements separated by initially 10 seconds, then 30 seconds and finally 60 seconds. Two further pairs of FEV1.0 measurements were made at the interval that had produced the greatest fall in FEV1.0 to examine the consistency of this response. A correlation with bronchial lability on exercise testing was sought in 16 patients. In the asthmatics a further pair of FEV1.0 measurements was performed after bronchodilatation with 200 mcg salbutamol. Both atopic and non-atopic asthmatics showed a slight fall in FEV1.0 in successive measurements which was not seen in normal subjects. The small size of the fall is unlikely to interfere with spirometry results in clinical testing. Some subjects show a larger response and should be excluded from trials of drugs. Salbutamol diminished or abolished the response. The fall in FEV1.0 did not correlate with the results of exercise testing.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Amoxycillin versus ampicillin in treatment of exacerbations of chronic bronchitis.

To compare the efficacy and unwanted effects of amoxycillin and ampicillin in the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, 199 patients were recruited from 28 centres into a double-blind between-patient comparison of four regimens: ampicillin 250 mg or 500 mg, amoxycillin 250 mg or 500 mg, each given orally three times daily for seven days. In these doses, amoxycillin and ampicillin were equally effective and there was no apparent advantage in using the higher dose of either drug in preference to the lower dose. Unwanted effects were few. Only in five patients did diarrhoea lead to withdrawal of therapy and there was no significant difference between the two drugs in this respect. Rashes occurred in four patients, all on ampicillin.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

Haemophilus aphrophilus endocarditis in pregnancy.

The clinical and microbiological features of a case of Haemophilus aphrophilus endocarditis in pregnancy are described. The complicating effect of pregnancy on treatment and the difficulties in identifying the organism in the laboratory are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Myocarditis associated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection.

A 48-year-old patient presented with pneumonia and pleural effusion due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and subsequently developed pharyngitis and electrocardiographic evidence of myocarditis. The sparse literature on mycoplasma myocarditis is reviewed. The clinical features, electrocardiographic changes and prognosis are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Controlling internal parasites in grazing ruminants without recourse to anthelmintics: approaches, experiences and prospects.

Interest in ways of raising stock without using anthelmintics has been stimulated by the desire for intensive grazing systems to adopt more sustainable methods of internal parasite control and by potential premiums for "organic" produce. This requires grazing management systems which are practicable and achieve levels of parasite control sufficient to meet realistic production objectives. This paper will summarise 3 years experience of lamb and cattle production without a recourse to anthelmintics on 2 production systems: a mixed cropping, lamb finishing, and cattle rearing unit and an all grass, mixed-stock, hill country unit in which all non-replacement lambs are sold at weaning. On both units parasite control was almost entirely dependent on integrated grazing management of sheep and cattle and strict systems of grazing management had to be rigidly applied. Acceptable productivity could be more readily achieved in sheep than cattle. Rams selected for resistance to nematodes were also used in both sheep flocks. Their influence on lamb production was equivocal. There is a need for more information on factors influencing parasite epidemiology and for consideration of strategies other than alternate grazing. The impact of pasture species on parasite epidemiology needs to be clarified. Current research indicates substantial differences between grasses in terms of parasite burdens acquired and production losses suffered by lambs grazing them. Grazing management may need to vary with pasture species. Also, specialty forage crops, particularly those containing condensed tannins (i.e. Hedysarum coronarium, Lotus pedunculatus and Lotus corniculatus) hold special promise as a means of countering parasite-induced production losses and dagginess. Using biological control of free-living larval stages and vaccination, may in the long term, also prove useful. Developing effective and acceptable systems for raising stock without using anthelmintics presents a considerable challenge, to parasitologists, as well as to plant breeders, agronomists, and farming systems researchers.

Animal Husbandry↗