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Biomedical subjects

A D Hoffman

Publications and source records attributed to A D Hoffman.

48 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Eosinophilic gastroenteritis: a case report and review of the literature.

A 13-year-old boy was hospitalized with gastrointestinal obstruction. During evaluation, the total eosinophil count was as high as 3,332/mm. A biopsy specimen of the small bowel obtained at laparotomy revealed an intense eosinophilic infiltrate of the muscularis. Symptoms were controlled with glucocorticoid therapy. The case is unusual in that the eosinophilic gastroenteritis presented as childhood gastrointestinal obstructive disease with involvement of the colon but sparing of the stomach.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Reduction of radiation exposure during radiography for scoliosis.

To reduce the radiation exposure received by young scoliosis patients during treatment, six changes in technique were instituted: (1) a posteroanterior projection, (2) specially designed leaded acrylic filters, (3) a high-speed screen-film system, (4) a specially designed cassette-holder and grid, (5) a breast-shield, and (6) additional filtration in the x-ray tube the thyroid, breast, and abdominal areas were made on an Alderson phantom. They revealed an eightfold reduction in abdominal exposure for both the posteroanterior and the lateral radiographys. There was a twentyfold reduction in exposure to the thyroid for the posteroanterior radiography from 100 to less than five milliroentgens and for the lateral radiograph there was a 100-fold reduction from 618 to six milliroentgens. For the breasts there was a sixty-ninefold reduction from 344 to less than five milliroentgens for the posteroanterior radiography and a fifty-fivefold reduction from 277 to less than five milliroentgens for the lateral radiograph. These reductions in exposure were obtained without significant loss in the quality of the radiographs and in most instances with an improvement in the over-all quality of the radiograph due to the more uniform exposure.

Breast↗
PubMed1982

Simple renal cysts in children.

Simple renal cysts in childhood are uncommon and often are confused with duplication anomalies or renal malignancy. A review of 20 children with simple renal cysts at our institution has documented the spectrum of clinical presentations and radiographic findings of this unusual renal mass. Surgical exploration and marsupialization of the cyst wall were done in 12 patients, 4 underwent nephrectomy earlier in our series and 4 have been followed conservatively by ultrasonography or computerized tomography scanning. Although equivocal cases necessitate surgical intervention, we advocate conservative therapy with diagnostic ultrasonography with or without cyst puncture in asymptomatic and normotensive children with simple renal cysts.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Renal growth in small kidneys after ureteroneocystostomy.

Postoperative renal growth was determined in 22 patients with unilateral atrophic kidney and vesicoureteral reflux. Atrophic kidney growth was compared to the contralateral kidney and growth tables. Significant growth of the atrophic kidney was observed in 68 per cent of the patients after reimplantation. Ureteroneocystostomy enhances growth in atrophic kidneys and is important in salvaging renal function.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Child abuse.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Early development of the neorectum by balloon dilations after ileoanal anastomosis.

Recently, young people with chronic ulcerative colitis and familial polyposis have been undergoing colectomy with rectal mucosectomy and ileoanal anastomosis with encouraging clinical results. However, during the early period after closing the temporary ileostomy, some patients have frequent stools, which decrease with time as the terminal ileum dilates and becomes a reservoir. To enhance the early development of the neorectal reservoir and to minimize the frequent stooling, we instituted balloon dilations of the neorectum before ileostomy closure. A group of 16 patients not undergoing balloon dilations were compared with a similar group of 13 patients who had balloon dilations. Patients undergoing balloon dilations were observed to have an increase of 40.6% per month in the measured volume of the neorectum, along with a decrease of approximately 40% in the mean number of stools at 3 mo and 34% at 6 mo, with a very acceptable clinical result.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

The use of computerised tomography in dislocation of the hip and femoral neck anteversion in children.

Computerised tomography is useful in the diagnosis of abnormalities of the hip in children, particularly in assessing the size and shape of the acetabulum, the position and congruity of the femoral head relative to the acetabulum, and the degree of femoral anteversion or retroversion. It is most useful when limited hip movement and previous operations preclude adequate clinical examination and assessment by routine radiographic techniques. It is not recommended for routine use in screening congenital dislocation of the hip or in diagnosis or follow-up of Perthes' disease or slipped capital femoral epiphysis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children: immunologic, cytochemical, morphologic, and cytogenetic studies in relation to pretreatment risk factors.

Thirty children with previously untreated acute lymphoblastic leukemia were studied prior to therapy to determine whether sheep erythrocyte (E)-receptor status correlated with clinical factors, cytochemical staining characteristics, FAB morphologic classification, and karyotype. Five patients (17%) with more than 50% E+ blasts had intense focal acid phosphatase staining and distinct clinical characteristics, including high leukocyte counts, mediastinal masses, and involvement of the central nervous system at diagnosis. Focal acid phosphatase activity was present in blasts of patients with greater than 20% E+ blasts, but this group had fewer poor risk factors. Morphologic and karyotypic features were not related to erythrocyte-receptor status, but the L2 morphologic appearance occurred more frequently in older patients (P less than 0.05). Erythrocyte receptors have both qualitative and quantitative clinical correlations in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia; however, E+ and E- groups are heterogeneous and E+ groups must be analyzed for other risk factors and relapse rates determined before firm conclusions can be made about erythrocyte rosetting as an independent risk variable.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1978

Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy in association with pulmonary metastasis from osteogenic sacroma.

Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy in children is rare, especially when it is associated with lung metastsis. The patient reported herein had metastic osteogenic sarcoma and failed to respond to chemotherapy or thoractomy. There are several theories as to the pathogenesis of osteoarthropathy, but none is totally convincing. Vagotomy or transection of intercostal nerves has been advocated to relieve the symptoms of osteoarthropathy.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Use of the posteroanterior projection: a method of reducing x-ray exposure to specific radiosensitive organs.

The posteroanterior projection was studied to determine if it could be a substitute for the commonly used anteroposterior projection as a method of reducing x-ray exposure to specific radiosensitive organs during intracranial tomography and scoliosis radiography. The use of the posteroanterior projection resulted in a reduction of 95% in exposure to the lens of the eye during intracranial tomography and of more than 90% to the thyroid, sternum, and breasts during scoliosis radiography. In addition to the major reduction in radiation exposure, the diagnostic capability of the examination was not reduced and comfort in most patients was not affected.

Brain Diseases↗