FasL/Fas and TNF/TNFR interactions in the regulation of immune responses and disease.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
A D Badley
Publications and source records attributed to A D Badley.
26-year-old man with HIV infection and abdominal pain.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Abdominal Pain↗
Noninvasive measurement of human ascending colon volume.
The capacitance and motor functions of the colon are important determinants of its overall function. A simple, noninvasive method to quantify regional colonic volume is required for further physiologic and pharmacologic studies. Our aim was to determine whether measurements of human ascending colon (AC) volume using two-dimensional (2-D) images are as accurate as estimates using three-dimensional (3-D) images. Five healthy male volunteers each ingested a methacrylate-coated capsule containing 99Tcm-labelled Amberlite pellets. Two-and 3-D images were obtained using a gamma camera with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) capability. Ascending colon volume was estimated by a variable region of interest (VROI) program and by full-width half-maximum (FWHM) analysis, and results were compared to the volume estimates by SPECT. Full-width half-maximum analysis yielded volume estimates that were not significantly different from SPECT (slope = 1.093; t = 0.51; P > 0.5), whereas VROI estimates were significantly different from volume measurements by SPECT and, hence, considered less accurate (slope = 0.438; t = 4.93; P < 0.02). Thus, the less expensive and more easily available planar imaging technique with analysis by FWHM estimates AC volume as accurately as SPECT.
Adult↗
Comparative CD4 T-cell responses of reverse transcriptase inhibitor therapy with or without nelfinavir matched for viral exposure.
BACKGROUND: Therapy of HIV infection with protease inhibitors (PIs) may be associated with improvements in CD4 T-cell number via a mechanism that is independent of effects on plasma viral load (VL). PURPOSE: To compare CD4 responses of patients who receive reverse transcriptase inhibitor (RTI) therapies with or without a PI, matched for viral exposure. METHODS: Patient data were analyzed from two prospective randomized trials of antiviral therapy with or without nelfinavir. Total viral exposure over 24 weeks was estimated by viral area under the curve (AUC), which reflects baseline viral load, slope of virologic decay, viral nadir, and duration of suppression. Patients were stratified into quartiles on the basis of viral AUC, and CD4 T-cell responses were evaluated between PI-containing and RTI-only treatment groups within each quartile. RESULTS: In both trials, patients receiving nelfinavir had greater CD4 T-cell increases than patients receiving RTI alone. Analysis of variance modeling revealed increased CD4 T-cell responses in PI-treated groups at all time points after the second week. These differences were significant (p <.05) at weeks 12, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, and 48 in one study, and weeks 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, and 44 in the other. Within quartiles matched for viral AUC, absolute CD4 T-cell change from baseline was greater in the PI-treated patients at 84% (101/120) of time points analyzed. CONCLUSION: Nelfinavir-containing therapy is associated with enhanced increases in CD4 T-cell number compared to RTI therapy alone with equivalent antiviral effect. These data suggest that PIs influence CD4 T-cell number through a nonvirologic effect.
Anti-HIV Agents↗