[Receptors for natriuretic peptides].
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
A Czarnecki
Publications and source records attributed to A Czarnecki.
[Multi-component preparations in present-day drug therapy].
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Analgesics↗
Down-regulation of the GABA-ergic system in selected brain areas of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).
The relevance of GABA-ergic system in hypertensive state has been studied. GABA content, GAD activity and GABA-A receptor binding in various brain areas in age-matched spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) was compared. Out of 9 brain areas studied the GABA content was significantly lower in the substantia nigra, hypothalamus, hypothalamus posterior and hippocampus of SHR rats. GAD activity was lowered in the hypothalamus and hippocampus of young SHR and adult SHR rats (4, 8, 14 weeks old). Scatchard analysis of the binding isotherms indicated a lower Bmax of the binding sites in the hypothalamus and hippocampus of 8 and 14 weeks old SHR rats. These results suggest that activity of GABA-ergic system differs substantially in SHR and WKY rats brain. Furthermore, these differences appear already in young prehypertensive SHR rats as well as in the early stages of hypertension.
Aging↗
[Endoscopy of the upper segment of the digestive tract in patients over 70 years of age (preliminary retrospective analysis of indications and results)].
Sixty three individuals aged over 70 years were included into the preliminary analysis of both indications to and the results of endoscopic examinations of the GI upper portion. Most frequently, the indications included abdominal pain and dyspeptic symptoms. The first endoscopic examination revealed normal macroscopic picture in only 14% of the examined patients. Peptic ulcers were most frequent pathology. Indications and the results of endoscopic examinations do not differ from those in the younger age groups.
Age Factors↗
Protective effect of inosine against adrenaline toxicity in rats.
The effect of inosine (200 mg/kg ip) injected 30 and 10 min before adrenaline (AD) administration to rats was studied. AD in the single dose (2 mg/kg sc) evoked heart necrosis evidenced by plasma activities of CPK-MB, CPK, blood lactates concentrations and histopathological examination. Inosine pretreatment caused less pronounced enhancement of enzyme activities and lactate concentrations in both experimental groups. Histopathological examination confirmed the protective effect of inosine on adrenaline-induced myocardial necrosis.
Animals↗
Adriamycin-induced cardiomyopathy. A rat model.
A rat model of adriamycin-induced cardiomyopathy was elaborated. Adriamycin (ADR) in three total doses 21, 25 and 30 mg/kg ip injected in 15 equal partial doses caused the loss in body weight and hematocrite values, marked leucopenia and moderate elevation of SGOT activities as well as ECG changes. In histopathological examination cardiomyopathic changes were found in heart samples from rats treated with two higher ADR doses. The dose 25 mg/kg is suggested for further investigations concerning the limitation of ADR toxicity.
Animals↗
Postnatal changes in 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) content of calf erythrocytes.
In 82 calves, 22 adult cows and 10 fetuses the 2,3-DPG level was determined in the erythrocytes. The lowest level was found in cows (1.13 microM/g haemoglobin, on the average), and in calves aged 35 days or more. In the foetuses the mean 2,3-DPG concentration in the erythrocytes was 4.98 microM/g Hb and it was higher that that in the erythrocytes of cows, the oldest foetuses and calves during the first two days of postnatal life. During 5 weeks of postnatal life the changes taking place in 2,3-DPG concentration could be divided into two periods: period I or the period of increase covering the first 6 days of life, with a characteristic rise in the concentration of this component from 1.37 to 15.80 microM/g Hb, and period II or the period of decrease lasting from the 6th to the 35th day of life. In period II two phases could be discerned, the first phase lasting from the 6th to the 10th day with a steep fall of 2,3-DPG level from 15.80 to 4.58 microM/g Hb, and the second phase from the 10th to the 35th day of life in which the level of 2,3-DPG reached slowly the value found in adult cows. A comparison of oxygen affinity of haemoglobin in calves aged 6 days, which was composed of about 80% of fetal haemoglobin and about 20% of adult haemoglobin, and in adult cows, which contained exclusively adult haemoglobin, showed that the oxygen-binding capacity of haemoglobin was lower in calves.
Aging↗
Preference for individual digits in a railway time-table.
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Choice Behavior↗
Thyroxine effect on 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) level in sheep erythrocytes.
The reported investigations were carried out on 18 adult sheep weighing about 35 kg. One intramuscular dose of D,L-thyroxine 100 mg was given to 13 animals, and the remaining 5 control sheep received normal saline in the same way. In blood samples obtained from the jugular vein the concentration of 2,3-DPG and the level of haemoglobin were determined in the erythrocytes at 4-hour intervals during 44 hours. Before blood sampling the rectal temperature was measured and electrophysiological activity of the heart was recorded. The initial concentration of 2,3-DPG in the erythrocytes of the animals receiving thyroxine was 0.57 mumol/g of Hb while in the control animals it was 0.43 mumol/g of Hb (average values). The changes in 2,3-DPG concentration after thyroxine administration were biphasic. The first increase in the animals reacting earlier to the hormone occurred 4 hours after thyroxine injection and reached the highest mean value of 1.93 +/- 0.25 mumol/g of Hb in the 8th hour. The highest mean value of the second peak was 1.63 +/- 0.18 mumol/g of Hb in the 24th hour after thyroxine injection. The first peak of 2,3-DPG concentration in the erythrocytes in 8 slower-reacting sheep was 1.39 +/- 0.23 mumol/g Hb, on the average, in the 16th hour, and the second peak appeared in these animals 32 hours after thyroxine and it was much lower than the first one. Thyroxine failed to cause any significant changes in the bioelectric cardiac activity but increased the heart rate from a mean initial value and control value 90-99/min to a highest mean value of 117/min.
2,3-Diphosphoglycerate↗
Effect of acute posthaemorrhagic anaemia on the level of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) in the erythrocytes of sheep.
In 11 sheep anaemia was produced by one-time removal of from 17% to 20% total volume of blood. Blood samples for 2,3-DPG determinations in the erythrocytes were taken at 4-hour intervals during 72 hours. Posthaemorrhagic anaemic hypoxia caused in sheep a rise in the concentration of 2,3-DPG in the erythrocytes from a mean control value of about 0.13 microM/g Hb to 2.45 microM/g Hb during 20 hours after blood loss (primary rise). The return of this concentration to its control value occurred between 32 and 64 hours after blood loss. Between 36 and 56 hours after the blood loss a second (secondary) rise of 2,3-DPG concentration in the erythrocytes appeared reaching a peak level of about 0.6 microM/g Hb. Determinations of sodium and potassium in the erythrocytes of 5 low-potassium sheep demonstrated a fall in potassium concentration whose lowest values were observed 24 hours after blood loss. After 24 hours from blood removal potassium rose again to the initial value. The concentration of sodium in the erythrocytes showed changes opposite to those observed in the concentration of potassium.
Acute Disease↗
[Natriuretic peptide receptors in brain structures responsible for blood circulation and homeostasis of body fluids].
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Animals↗
The influence of electrolytes on fat emulsions stability in total parenteral nutrition mixtures.
Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) provides i.v. daily nutrients requirements of the patient, in the form of simple compounds that normally are absorbed from digestive tract. As patients receiving TPN are seriously ill the quality and stability of TPN mixtures is of great importance. Fat emulsions are the most sensitive components of TPN mixtures. They can be modified by other components of a mixture as well as influenced by external agents like temperature and light, and oxygenation reactions. Stability of TPN mixtures, with the focus on influence of electrolytes on decomposition of fat emulsions was studied. Also the stability of newly invented compositions of TPN mixtures was examined. The study involved:visual observation, microscopic examination, pH and osmolarity measurement. The influence of phosphate, potassium, calcium, magnesium and zinc ions, in normally used concentrations in TPN on fat emulsions stability was defined and the influence of temperature, light and volume on the time in which visual and organoleptic changes appeared was estimated. Moreover, it was found that twelve TPN mixtures with suggested new compositions were stable for 7 days of storage at +4C.
Drug Stability↗
Quality of drugs and adverse drug reactions.
Since 1986 National Pharmaceutical Inspection was involved in monitoring of drug safety. The number of reports received from Inspection was 842. They covered also reactions reported as concerns on the quality of drugs. Only 5.9% reported drugs did not conform with the quality tests. All others were assessed as suspected or confirmed adverse drug reactions.
Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems↗
Changes in monitoring of adverse drug reactions in Poland.
UNLABELLED: Political changes in Poland in 1989 initiated a transition period for country's economy into a free market. This new situation prompted the pharmaceutical sector to apply for marketing authorization of a huge number of drugs. Subsequently, the availability, supply and variety of drugs was changing to resemble the one existing on the European Union market. We have analyzed the pattern of adverse drug reactions reported in Poland during the past 10 years. Subsequently we compared our data for years 1991-1995 with the reports received by the Belgian National Center for Monitoring of Adverse Drug Reactions over period 1990-1994. It was found that the number of reports increased in parallel with the number of drugs available. Also the variety of reported reactions was greater. Spontaneous reporting by individual physicians increased and the number of reports from the pharmaceutical inspection diminished. Comparison with the patterns of reporting in Belgium showed the range of drugs included in the reports to be similar in both countries during the studied period. IN CONCLUSION: we found that the increase in range and availability of drugs changed substantially the patterns of reporting of adverse drug reactions in Poland. It became similar to that observed in EU countries.
Humans↗
Comparison of drug utilization of most commonly used drugs in Poland and Czech Republic.
Utilization of drugs from the following groups: antibacterial, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and respiratory tract diseases in Poland and Czech Republic was analyzed. The most commonly sold drugs were among antibacterial drugs, viz., doxycycline (4.5DDD/1000 inh./day in Poland; 3.3 in Czech Republic), co-trimoxazole (Poland-2.9; Czech Republic 2.5), ampicilline and amoxicilline; among gastrointestinal drugs, ascorbic acid (Poland 42.2; Czech Republic 59.3), among respiratory drugs, sodium cromoglicate in Poland and bromhexine in Czech Republic, and among cardiovascular drugs, enalapril in Poland and diuretics with potasium sparing drug in Czech Republic. In general, the leading drugs in Poland and Czech Republic, were the same. All drugs with highest utilization were on the Essential Drug List. Some differences in drug utilization between these two countries could result from the prevalence of particular diseases in each population and physician's prescribing patterns.
Czech Republic↗