Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to A Csiba.
The binding constants and per cent binding of twelve cephalosporins to human serum albumin were determined using a fluorescence probe method. Binding is enhanced by hydrophilic substitutions on the basic molecules.
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A trial was conducted with long-term intermittent netilmicin therapy in six patients suffering from chronic pyelonephritis. Netilmicin was given in full dose for a period of 3-10 days (2-6 mg/kg/day), followed by 2 mg/kg doses once or twice weekly for 3-6 months. Individual doses were determined by computer based on the age, sex, lean body weight and serum creatinine concentrations of the patients. During the full-dose period of treatment netilmicin concentrations in serum were between 2 and 16 mg/l in serum and between 50 and 200 mg/l in urine. During intermittent treatment serum levels remained below 2 mg/l (except for 8-12 hours after dosing); in the urine concentrations were permanently in therapeutic ranges (150-4 mg/l). Renal tissue levels were simulated. Six to 12 months after long-term netilmicin treatment all patients are abacteriuric and free from symptoms. No auditory or renal toxic effects occurred.
Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography together with fluorescence detection is suitable for the determination of urinary porphyrin carboxylic acid isomers, and Copro I and III, as well as Uro I and III porphyrin isomers are separated simultaneously.
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Monoclonal antibodies (McAbs) directed against the framework determinants of Class I and Class II products of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and against leucocyte differentiation antigens were used in an indirect immunoperoxidase technique to study their expression in normal, benign (adenomatous polyps) and malignant disease of the colon. Class I products (detected by the McAb 2A1) were strongly expressed on all cell types in normal and benign tissues but some carcinomas exhibited a heterogenous pattern of epithelial cell staining and 4/15 were completely negative. Class II products (detected by TDR31.1) were strongly expressed on cells (mainly B lymphocytes) within the lamina propria. In carcinomas TDR31.1 staining was mainly interstitial, but in 2/15, DR + epithelial cells were also detected. In normal and benign tissues, leucocytes (reactive with 2D1) found predominantly in the lamina propria, comprised T cells mainly of the helper/inducer (OKT4) subset, DR + cells in approx. equivalent proportion and a few OKM1+ cells mostly of macrophage morphology. Occasional intraepithelial lymphocytes were of cytotoxic/suppressor (OKT8) phenotype. In malignant neoplasms, there was wide inter and intra-tumour variation in the proportion of leucocytes which were heterogeneous with respect to cell type and confined mainly to the stroma. T cells were consistently predominant, but B cells and macrophages were also present. Two neoplasms showed unequivocal evidence of a shift (relative to peripheral blood) in favour of the OKT8+ subset, but in the majority of tumours OKT4+; and OKT8+ cells were present in roughly similar proportions. Natural killer cells (monitored with Leu7, HNK1) were virtually undetectable in both normal and malignant tissues. There were no apparent correlations between the extent and type of leucocyte infiltration, tumour differentiation or expression of MHC products. Some implications for the extrapolation of in vitro data on leucocyte function to the in vivo situation are discussed.
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Serum concentration and urinary excretion of metronidazole were determined after p.o. administration of 500 mg to 15 young (20-25 years old) and 20 elderly (over 70) subjects. Serum levels were consistently higher and the AUCs were almost doubled in the aged group. One of the effects underlying the decrease in total clearance is the diminished renal excretion; however, the role of the reduction of distribution volume seems to be more important. Red cell binding of metronidazole significantly decreased in the aged group; this may also contribute to the reduction of distribution volume. Reduction of the standard dose of metronidazole by 30-40% is recommended in elderly patients.
The authors believe the normal formaldehyde equilibrium in the organism to be governed by a biological control mechanism, which is thought to be closely connected to L - arginine and - indirectly - to the arginase enzyme. Arginine reacts with formaldehyde in a spontaneous equilibrium reaction yielding methylol - derivatives thus mobilizing formaldehyde. The methylol - derivatives of L - arginine were found in serum and urine. The authors assume the methylol - derivatives of L - arginine to have an inhibiting effect on cell - proliferation.
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