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Biomedical subjects

A Claudy

Publications and source records attributed to A Claudy.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Acyclovir-resistant varicella infection with atypical lesions in a non-HIV leukemic infant.

UNLABELLED: An HIV-negative infant presented with VZV primary infection during the maintenance therapy for megakaryoblastic leukaemia. The lesions were initially vesicular and necrotic but became verrucous and hyperkeratotic. A clinical resistance to acyclovir was suspected and confirmed by histologic and virologic studies. The patient was successfully treated by foscarnet. CONCLUSION: resistance of VZV to acyclovir may occur after a short treatment in a non-AIDS patient.

Acyclovir↗
PubMed2000

Mummified ossified melanocytic naevus.

Ossification rarely occurs within melanocytic naevi. As far as we know, mummification (presence of shadow cells) has never been described within these lesions. We report herein the case of a benign naevus associating ossification and mummification; this case suggests that, similarly to pilomatricomas, osteoma formation within melanocytic naevi may develop as a result of mummification.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Cutaneous complications after organ transplant].

FREQUENT DIVERSE COMPLICATIONS: Skin problems in organ recipients mainly result from the induced immunosuppression but also from specific adverse effects of immunosuppressive drugs. The degree of extension and gravity of the clinical manifestations are often proportional to the intensity and/or duration of the immunosuppressive therapy. Immunodepression mainly leads to infectious and neoplastic complications. INFECTIONS: Viral and fungal infections are the most frequently encountered. Herpes simplex and zoster infections require treatment to prevent visceral involvement. Human papillomavirus infections occur in 80% of patients 5 years after transplantation and can lead to malignant transformation. Fungal infections include pityriasis versicolor and often extensive dermatophytosis. CANCER: Increased rate of cancer occurs especially in patients with viral disease. Skin cancers involving papillomavirus are the most frequent cancers observed in transplant recipients, occurring in half of the long-term survivors. Squamous cell carcinoma of exposed areas are the most common; they are often more aggressive than in non-immunodepressed patients (multiple sites, recurrence). Exposure to sun is a proven inducer. There is a 500-fold higher risk of Kaposi disease linked to HHV8 virus. This disease can regress simply after reducing the immunosuppressive treatment. Other more uncommon tumors such as lymphomas, melanomas, sarcomas and Merkel cell tumors also appear to occur at an increased rate in transplant recipients. PREVENTION: Most malignant skin tumors are the expression of marked immunodepression and their prognosis is improved with reduction in immunosuppressive therapy. Prevention requires regular dermatology work-ups and counseling about strict protection from sun exposure.

Graft Rejection↗
PubMed1999

Primary cutaneous marginal zone B-cell lymphoma: a report of 9 cases.

BACKGROUND: Primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma is a heterogeneous group among which marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (MZL) appears to be the most common subtype. OBJECTIVE: We analyze clinical presentation, histologic aspects, and outcome of patients with primary cutaneous MZL. METHODS: All samples classified as primary cutaneous lymphoma over the past 10 years were reviewed, and cases of primary MZL were identified. RESULTS: Nine cases of MZL were analyzed, all from the upper body region, with a predominance in elderly women. Histologic aspects included a dense, nodular, deep-seated infiltrate containing various proportions of small cells displaying a centrocyte-like, plasmacytoid or monocytoid appearance. Surface expression of CD5, CD10, and CD23 was negative. Long survival was noted but relapses in the skin, nodes, orbit, salivary glands, and breast were observed. CONCLUSION: MZL is the predominant primary cutaneous lymphoma of our study. It has distinctive histologic and clinical features as well as outcome.

Female↗
PubMed1999

Presence of circulating abnormal CD34+ progenitors in adult Langerhans cell histiocytosis.

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is related to the proliferation of cells, which are similar to Langerhans cells (LC) but possess many abnormal characteristics. Lesions are widespread and this fact suggests that LCH cells or their precursors are present in the blood of patients. In five adult patients, we have isolated and cultured CD34+ blood progenitors of dendritic cells. We studied their phenotype by flow cytometry and their functional properties in mixed culture with heterologous lymphocytes and with autologous lymphocytes in the presence of tri-nitro-phenyl antigen (TNP). The amount of CD34+ precursors was dramatically higher than controls but a high mortality occurred during the in vitro differentiation. The phenotype of surviving cells was similar to LC phenotype (CD1a+, CD83+, Lag+) but some of them expressed CD2. These cells were able to induce T cell proliferation in mixed culture. They could not initiate primary response to TNP, except in a patient treated with thalidomide. In our hands, these CD34+ cells may be precursors of LCH cells.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Expression of substance P receptors in normal and psoriatic skin.

Recently, substance P receptors (SPR) have been detected in neonatal foreskin. Our purpose was to determine the expression of SPR in other localizations than neonatal foreskin. As SP has been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory cutaneous lesions, we wondered whether SPR localization was modified in psoriatic lesions. In normal skin, SP binding sites were detected using biotinylated SP and abrogated by a specific NK1 antagonist (spantide) on blood vessels, sweat glands and hair follicles. In the normal epidermis, SPR were usually observed on granular layers but may also be observed on other cell layers. The SP binding processed on cultured keratinocytes demonstrated that SPR were expressed in the epidermis, except basal cell layers, confirming that keratinocytes constitutively express SPR. In skin lesions of psoriatic patients, SP binding sites were expressed on the uppermost keratinocytes which are not granular cells, and seem to be overexpressed. Our results raise the question of the role of SPR on psoriatic keratinocytes.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Prospective study of treatment of bullous pemphigoid by a class I topical corticosteroid].

INTRODUCTION: The high mortality at 1 year of patients with bullous pemphigoid is considered to be due mainly to systemic corticosteroids. We report 20 cases of bullous pemphigoid treated solely with class I topical corticosteroid. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty patients with bullous pemphigoid grade 1 and grade 2 were treated with clobetasol propionate 0.05 p. 100 cream at the initial dose of 12 mg/m2/day, progressively tapered over months. Severe forms of bullous pemphigoid covering more than 60 p. 100 of total body area were excluded. RESULTS: 35 p. 100 of the patients obtained a remission and 35 p. 100 healed (62.5 p. 100 of the mild forms, 16.7 p. 100 of the moderate forms). The average follow up was 11 months after the end of treatment. Side-effects were mild (cutaneous infections, dermal atrophy). Transitory biological anomalies were observed, mainly related to systemic absorption of clobetasol propionate. Some systemic adverse reactions were noted not necessarily attributed to treatment. DISCUSSION: Topical steroid treatment was efficient in patients with mild bullous pemphigoid. Our results were comparable to those reported in the literature except for some cutaneous side effects.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1999

Human normal dermal fibroblasts express somatostatin receptors.

The hormone/neuropeptide somatostatin (SOM) exerts multiple functions in the central nervous system, the immune system, the hypothalamo-pituitary axis, the gastrointestinal tract, and the pancreas. Endogenous SOM occurs in 2 biologically active forms, with 14 or 28 amino acids. Five subtypes of SOM receptors have been cloned. SOM is present in human skin. We have investigated the expression of SOM receptors on human dermal normal fibroblasts. Biotinyl-SOM allowed the visualization of SOM receptors on human dermal fibroblasts. Radioligand binding studies with (3-[125I]iodotyrosyl11)-SOM-14 were performed on these cells and the effect of SOM-14 on the DNA synthesis by fibroblasts was evaluated by measuring [3H]-methyl thymidine incorporation. Saturation curve, and Scatchard plot showed a homogeneous class of receptors with a Bmax of 0.055 +/- 0.023 nM and KD of 2.0 +/- 0.4 nM (values: mean +/- SEM). Fibroblasts expressed 3,317 +/- 1,385 binding sites per cell. Competitive displacement experiments showed that SOM-14 IC50 was 69.3 +/- 4.5 nM (mean +/- SEM), for SOM-28 33.2 +/- 6.0 nM and for octreotide 36.5 +/- 3.3 nM. The KI values calculated from these IC50 were, respectively: 62.4 +/- 4.1 nM; 29.9 +/- 5.4 nM; 32.9 +/- 2.9 nM. We conclude that subtype 2 or 3 SOM receptors is present on human normal dermal fibroblasts. A weak effect of SOM-14 on DNA synthesis was observed with SOM concentrations of 10(-7) and 10(-6) M.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

[Proliferative characteristics of nevus in children with organ transplants].

INTRODUCTION: Organ-graft recipients are at increased risk for developing cutaneous tumors, mostly carcinomas; however, melanocytic nevi (MN) also develop in excess numbers in these patients. The aim of this study was to assess whether MN developing in pediatric organ graft recipients (OGR-MN) have a higher proliferative profile than similar lesions developing in non-immunosuppressed subjects (C-MN), a fact that could confer to them potential for malignant transformation into melanoma. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The immunohistochemical expression of two proliferation-associated markers (MIB1/Ki67 and PCNA) and of p53 oncoprotein was comparatively studied in a group of 10 and OGR-MN and 12 C-MN. RESULTS: MIB1/Ki67 and p53 were very weakly, if at all, expressed in all tumors, whereas PCNA was expressed in the majority of tumor cells in both groups of lesions. Overall, no significant differences were found between the two groups studied. DISCUSSION: Melanocytic nevi developing in organ transplant children do not have a higher proliferative potential, and therefore do not seem to be intrinsically more prone to malignant transformation than similar lesions appearing in non-immunosuppressed children; however the possibility exists that the decreased immune defense mechanisms indirectly favors the growth of these lesions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

[Motivations of requests for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection screening at the Centers of Information and Anonymous and Free-of-Charge Screening. Study of 891 cases].

In France, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing is usually performed in centers for information and anonymous cost-free detection (Centres d'Information et de Dépistage Anonyme et Gratuit, CIDAG). In this work, we studied the reasons people ask for HIV testing at the CIDAG in Lyons. Eight hundred and ninety one people were asked to give their reasons. The response ratio was 85% and the sex-ratio 1:1. Seventy-five percent of the people were single. The main motivation was the desire to begin a relationship with another person without using condoms. Nonetheless, we were impressed by the high level of high-risk behaviors. To our knowledge, this is the first study about motivations of outpatients at the CIDAG.

AIDS Serodiagnosis↗
PubMed1998

Circulating vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is not a prognostic indicator in malignant melanoma.

Among angiogenic peptides, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is associated with growth and metastasis of solid tumours. In order to determine whether VEGF could be involved in the clinical course of malignant melanoma, we studied 96 patients with primary or metastatic melanoma and we reported the follow-up of nine cases who initially presented with a primary melanoma and further developed metastasis over a period of 12-25 months. Circulating VEGF levels quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were found to be elevated in patients with primary or metastatic melanoma compared to a control group (P < 0.001), but no significant difference occurred between primary and metastatic melanoma. The follow-up of patients who developed metastasis showed high initial VEGF levels (in five out nine cases) which remained increased with the course of the disease. It is conceivable that increased VEGF levels reflect an intense activation of the host immune system but the variations in the concentration of circulating VEGF were not considered as an indicator of disease evolution in malignant melanoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

IgE antibodies in sera from patients with bullous pemphigoid are autoantibodies preferentially directed against the 230-kDa epidermal antigen (BP230)

Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is unique among autoimmune skin diseases in which a high serum IgE level has been detected. We sought to determine the antigenic specificity of these IgE antibodies in 39 BP sera by immunofluorescence microscopy, immunoblot, and ELISA. The patient's sera contained IgG antibodies to 230-kDa (BP230) (n = 20), 180-kDa (BP180) (n = 9), and both BP230 and BP180 (n = 10) antigens. Serum IgE levels varied from 29 to 5000 kIU/L (mean +/- SD, 856 +/- 1426 kIU/L), among which sera containing IgG antibodies to BP230 had an IgE level on average 4.3 times higher than anti-BP180 sera. IgE antibodies in 18 sera were found to be autoantibodies reactive either with an epidermal component of basement membrane zone by immunofluorescence microscopy on 1 M NaCl-split skin or with a 230-kDa antigen by immunoblots of cultured human keratinocytes. The 230-kDa epidermal antigen recognized by IgE antibodies comigrated with the BP230 as labeled by a specific human monoclonal antibody. IgE anti-BP230 antibodies in patients' sera were always associated with IgG autoantibodies. No sera contained IgE antibodies to BP180 or to any other epidermal or dermal antigens as verified by immunoblot and ELISA. A good correlation was found between the presence of IgE circulating autoantibodies and the level of serum IgE (P < 0.004). IgE antibodies to BP230, like IgG autoantibodies, were mapped primarily to the C-terminal end of the protein, as they labeled rBP55, a BP230 recombinant protein encoded by a cDNA for the C-terminal end of BP230.

Autoantibodies↗