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Biomedical subjects

A Clarke

Publications and source records attributed to A Clarke.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Cell recognition in plants: Determinants of the stigma surface and their pollen interactions.

The interaction between compatible pollen grains and the female stigma of Gladiolus gandavensis has been used as a model system for investigation of cell recognition in plants. The molecular architecture of the receptive stigma surface has been investigated, and determinants binding to both concanavalin A and beta-glucosyl artificial carbohydrate antigen, as well as esterase activity, have been characterized, and conditions for their isolation have been established. The stigma surface, before and after modification, was found to bind (125)I-labeled proteins nonspecifically. Pollen tube penetration of the papillar cuticle is prevented when the receptor sites for concanavalin A are occupied. The concanavalin-A-binding determinants of the stigma surface have been fractionated to reveal several glycoproteins in the molecular weight range 43,000-93,000 and a group of glycolipids of molecular weight approximately 22,000. These results are interpreted in terms of two major recognition events regulating pollination.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1975

Haematemesis: a new syndrome?

Three patients presented with symptoms suggesting a Mallory-Weiss tear. Endoscopy showed a localized, clearly demarcated area of bright red mucosa near the gastro-oesophageal junction; this was thought to have arisen by retrograde intussusception of the stomach during vomiting or retching and may have caused the haemorrhage.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Immunity following intranasal administration of an inactivated, freeze-dried A/England/42/72 vaccine.

A group of 23 student volunteers were each inoculated intranasally with 400 IU of inactivated, freeze-dried A/England/42/72 vaccine. Only one volunteer showed a four-fold rise in serum HI antibody following immunization, and the mean increase in serum HI antibody (gmt) for all volunteers did not increase two-fold. Thirteen of the volunteers developed detectable levels of nasal wash neutralizing antibody after immunization; local antibody was most commonly found in volunteers who produced a detectable but less than four-fold fise in serum antibody titre, and who produced nasal washings with relatively high concentrations of protein and secretory IgA. Four weeks after immunization, the vaccinees and a matched group of control subjects were inoculated with attenuated A/England/42/72 (MRC-7) virus. Evidence of infection was found in 14 of 23 (61 per cent) of control subjects and in seven of 23 (30 per cent) of immunized volunteers. This result showed a significant protection (P = 0.04) against challenge virus infection for volunteers given intranasal vaccine.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1975

Herpes zoster in general practice.

Eighty-seven patients with the clinical diagnosis of herpes zoster were seen during a one-year period in eight general practices in Glasgow, the rate per 1,000 practice population being approximately 2.4. Of these, 78 (90 per cent) had serological evidence of active infection with herpes zoster. The anatomical location of the skin eruption was most common in the areas of the fifth cranial nerve, middle and lower trunk and thigh. A possible reactivating agent (trauma four, steroids two, irradiation one) was found in only seven patients. The illness as assessed by systemic upset and dissemination of lesions was generally not severe. Post-herpetic neuralgia was the most troublesome complication, found in 44 per cent of 64 patients revisisted 3-18 months after the acute illness.

Adult↗
PubMed1969

Surveillance of acute respiratory virus infections in general practice.

The ordinary postal system provides a simple method for the transportation of specimens for virus isolation to the laboratory. This was used to carry out an epidemiological survey, in general practice, of respiratory viruses in patients with acute respiratory disease. Three distinct outbreaks of myxovirus infections were recognized and most other types of respiratory viruses were isolated sporadically. After the initial "pilot" phase of the study an isolation rate of 24% was obtained over the months from October 1968 to June 1969 (20% isolations from adults' specimens and 29% from those of children).

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fragile X mental retardation and the iduronate sulphatase locus: testing Laird's model of fra(X) inheritance.

Fragile X [fra(X)] mental retardation syndrome is the most frequent familial cause of mental handicap. The clinical phenotype is associated with a rare fragile site at Xq27.3. The mutation underlying the disorder, an insertion into the FMR-1 gene, has been characterized, but the pathogenesis of the condition is obscure and the pattern of inheritance is still not fully understood. One model of fra(X) pathogenesis was proposed by Laird in 1987, suggesting that the fra(X) mutation acts as a cis-acting, local block to the pre-oogenesis reactivation of the inactivated X chromosome. To test this model, we examined the activity of the F8, F9 and iduronate sulphatase (IDS) loci. The level of IDS in the serum of fra(X) males was found to be very significantly reduced in the fra(X) group when compared to that of control males: this lends support to Laird's model of fra(X) pathogenesis. However, we detected no methylation differences between fra(X) and control samples at the IDS locus, although such changes are known in fra(X) males at sites closer to the fragile site. Thus the mechanism of the reduction in IDS activity has not been identified.

DNA↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ceftriaxone versus cefazolin with probenecid for severe skin and soft tissue infections.

To evaluate the hypothesis that a single daily administration of cefazolin and probenecid and a single daily administration of ceftriaxone and probenecid would be equally effective, in combination with oral antibiotics, for the outpatient treatment of skin and soft tissue infections, a randomized, double-blind study was completed. Patients presenting to the Emergency Department with the primary diagnosis of cellulitis or soft tissue infection, excluding patients requiring immediate hospital admission, received either 2 g of ceftriaxone or 2 g of cefazolin, each with 1 g of probenecid, on a daily basis as outpatients from the Emergency Department. The patients were given a prescription for oral penicillin and cloxacillin for independent procurement. Outcome was assessed based on reduction in the size of the infected area, and the need for additional treatment (other antibiotics or hospital admission). A total of 194 patients were randomized to receive ceftriaxone (96) or cefazolin (98). There was no statistical difference in cause of infection, site of infection, duration of treatment, noncompliance or need for incision or drainage of the wound. The outcome, as determined by the ratio of the involved infected area on initial and last treatment day, and the frequency of failure were similar. The single daily administration of 2 g of either cefazolin, in combination with probenecid, or ceftriaxone are equivalent in efficacy in the outpatient treatment of skin and soft tissue infections. There is the potential for significant cost savings in utilizing outpatient cefazolin therapy over ceftriaxone for treatment of these infections.

Ambulatory Care↗