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Biomedical subjects

A Christiansen

Publications and source records attributed to A Christiansen.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Effects of dexamethasone on proliferation, chemotaxis, collagen I, and fibronectin-metabolism of human fetal lung fibroblasts.

Premature infants at risk for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) are often treated with dexamethasone (Dex), which has been shown to suppress inflammatory processes in the lung. To elucidate a possible direct influence on the fibroproliferative component of the disease, we studied the effects of Dex in therapeutic and supratherapeutic dosages (5-50 nmol/L) on proliferation, chemotaxis, procollagen I, and fibronectin metabolism of human fetal lung fibroblasts in vitro. Proliferation was inhibited by Dex in a dose-dependent manner. Chemotactic activity in response to conditioned medium of human fetal fibroblasts also showed a dose-dependent inhibition after pretreatment with Dex. The amount of procollagen I C-terminal propeptide and fibronectin per cell in the cell culture supernatant was increased in the presence of Dex. Our results show that Dex does not uniformly suppress the fibroproliferative activity of human fetal lung fibroblasts, which may explain in part the unsatisfactory long-term effects of Dex treatment in BPD.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents↗
PubMed2001

Determination of bentazone, dichlorprop, and MCPA in different soils by sodium hydroxide extraction in combination with solid-phase preconcentration.

A method for the extraction of bentazone, dichlorprop, and MCPA in three selected Norwegian soils of different textures is described. Initially three different extraction methods were tested on one soil type. All methods gave recoveries >80% for the pesticide mixture, but extraction with sodium hydroxide in combination with solid-phase preconcentration was used for further recovery tests with soils of different properties spiked at four herbicide concentration levels (0.001-10 microg/g of wet soil). The method was rapid and easy and required a minimum of organic solvents. The recoveries were in the range of 82-109, 80-123, and 45-91% for the soils containing 1.4 (Hole), 2.5 (Kroer), and 37.8% (Froland) organic carbon, respectively. Limits of quantification using GC-MS were 0.0003 microg/g of wet soil for bentazone and 0.0001 microg/g of wet soil for both dichlorprop and MCPA.

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid↗
PubMed2000

Investigation on fungicide residues in greenhouse-grown strawberries.

Maximum residue limits (MRL's) for different agricultural food products in Norway are harmonized with EU standards. In field-grown strawberries in Norway, tolylfluanid has a 7 day quarantine from last application to harvest, while other approved fungicides have 14 days quarantine. Greenhouse production of strawberries is newly introduced to the country. Residue levels in strawberries of the cultivar Korona grown in a commercial greenhouse were investigated 4, 7, and 14 days after application of eight different fungicides at rates recommended by the manufacturers and at half rates. Iprodione, tolylfluanid, and vinclozolin were tested in two experiments, while chinomethionat, chlorothalonil, imazalil, penconazole, and triadimefon were tested once. For chinomethionat, imazalil, iprodione, penconazole, and vinclozolin, the residue levels were below MRL 2 weeks after application. Application of triadimefon in normal rate gave residues below MRL 14 days after application. However, its metabolite, triadimenol, was above MRL at the same time. Tolylfluanid gave very high residue levels, and except from half concentration in the second experiment, all other residue levels were above MRL. Seven days after application, residues in both experiments were approximately 3 times higher than MRL when normal rate of tolylfluanid was applied. For chlorothalonil at the recommended rate, the residue level was above MRL at any sampling time, while half rate gave residues below MRL 14 days after treatment. In view of the present results, tolylfluanid, chlorothalonil, and triadimefon will need longer time from last application to harvest and/or reduced application rates in greenhouse-grown compared to field-grown strawberries. In addition or as an alternative, recommended rates could be lowered.

Chromatography, Gas↗
PubMed1999

Effects of ipsilateral anterior thigh soft tissue stretching on passive unilateral straight-leg raise.

STUDY DESIGN: Randomized 3-group pretest-posttest with blind assessment of outcome. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of sagittal plane hold-relax exercise applied to the ipsilateral anterior thigh, and prone positioning on passive unilateral straight-leg raise measurements. BACKGROUND: Straight-leg raising has been viewed as a measurement for hamstring muscle length, but literature suggests that other structures may affect this measurement. METHODS AND MEASURES: Sixty subjects (45 men, 15 women) qualified for inclusion into the study based on a straight-leg raise measurement of < or = 65 degrees. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of three groups: control, static stretch, or sagittal plane hold-relax exercise. Pretest and posttest straight-leg raise measurements of the right lower extremity were performed for each subject. RESULTS: A 1-way ANOVA of the change scores showed a significant difference between groups. A Tukey post hoc analysis of the change scores showed that both treatment groups' means differed significantly from the control group and from each other, with the sagittal plane hold-relax group exhibiting the largest change (mean of 7.8 degrees +/- 2.8 degrees). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study show that sagittal plane hold-relax exercise and passive prone results of this study show that sagittal plane hold-relax and passive prone positioning can significantly increase straight-leg raise range of motion, however the sagittal plane hold-relax stretching of the anterior thigh is more effective than passive prone positioning.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Localisation of aryl sulfotransferase expression in human tissues using hybridisation histochemistry and immunohistochemistry.

To date, the laboratory has cloned seven unique human sulfotransferases; five aryl sulfotransferases (HAST1, HAST2, HAST3, HAST4 and HAST4v), an estrogen sulfotransferase and a dehydroepiandrosterone sulfotransferase. The cellular distribution of human aryl sulfotransferases in human hepatic and extrahepatic tissues has been determined using the techniques of hybridization histochemistry and immunohistochemistry. Human aryl sulfotransferase expression was detected in liver, epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal mucosal layer, epithelial cells lining bronchioles and in mammary duct epithelial cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[Diclofenac in the short-term prevention of recurrent colic from ureteral calculi. A placebo controlled double-blind study].

We have conducted a double-blind randomised placebo controlled trial with oral diclofenac to study the prophylactic effect on recurrence of renal colic and rate of spontaneous stone expulsion. 41 patients were given 50 mg oral diclofenac three times a day for seven days after being discharged for a colic episode from Oslo Emergency Hospital and 39 patients were given matching placebo tablets. The number of new ureteral colic episodes per accumulated patient treatment days was 64/287 in the diclofenac group and 119/273 in the placebo group (p < 0.01). The difference was greatest during the first four days of treatment. A similar trend was found for pain intensity, with the greatest difference on day one. There was no difference in reported type or frequency of side effects in the two treatment groups. Stone expulsion rate was almost identical. The effect of the treatment was not affected by fluid intake. Re-admission rates to Oslo Emergency Hospital or other hospitals were 10 and 67% (p < 0.001).

Adult↗
PubMed1996

HIV-1 gp41 binding to human T- and B-lymphocytes and monocytes is modulated by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA).

HIV-1 gp41 independently of CD4 binds to human T cells, B cells and monocytic cells. Since PMA downmodulates CD4 (HIV receptor) expression and inhibits HIV-1 dependent syncytia formation, we wanted to examine whether PMA could affect gp41 binding protein expression on human cells. The strong binding of HIV-1 recombinant soluble gp41 (rsgp41; Env aa539-684) to monocytes (CD14+) and B-lymphocytes (CD19+) and B lymphoblastoid cells (Raji) could be clearly decreased by treating the cells with PMA for 48 h, while the weak binding to T lymphocytes was slightly increased by this treatment. The PMA inhibitory- and enhancing-effects could be avoided by pretreatment with staurosporine (protein kinase C inhibitor). The PMA treatment of Raji and U937 (monocytic) cells resulted in a 50-60% decrease of gp41 binding proteins (gp41bps) detectable in cell lysates of these cells in comparison with lysates of buffer-treated cells, while in the case of H9-cells PMA treatment resulted in an increase of available gp41bps by about 35% in comparison with buffer-treated H9. Staurosporine pre-treatment could prevent these effects of PMA. Further studies of rsgp41-eluates from these buffer-treated or PMA-treated cells demonstrated that PMA modulated mainly expression of rsgp41bps of 37, 45, 50 and 62 kDa. These results indicate that PMA exerts different effects on human T, B and monocytic cells. Production by and expression on cells of HIV-1 gp41bps appear to depend on protein kinase C, supporting that the four proteins on human cells may act as receptor proteins for HIV-1 gp41.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Intramuscular diclofenac versus intravenous indomethacin in the treatment of acute renal colic.

OBJECTIVE: We have conducted a clinical trial to compare the pain-relieving effect and safety of diclofenac administered intramuscularly to indomethacin given intravenously. METHODS: The study was designed as a randomized single-blind trial. It was carried out at Oslo Emergency Hospital (outpatient setting or stay < 24 h). 41 patients with a mean age of 41.6 years received 75 mg diclofenac and 42 patients with a mean age of 45.2 years were given 50 mg indomethacin. The two groups were similar in regard to baseline characteristics except gender distribution. RESULTS: Statistically significant reduction in pain intensity was achieved after 5 min in the diclofenac group (p < 0.01), and after 10 min in the indomethacin group (p < 0.01). The probability of having pain after 1 h was 52% in the indomethacin group and 37% in the diclofenac group (p = 0.11). Rescue medication with pethidine after 2 h was given in 9 and 5 patients, respectively. Four patients in the diclofenac group reported one occurrence of adverse effect each, while 9 patients on indomethacin experienced 14 occurrences, mainly dizziness and nausea. CONCLUSION: These findings together with a simpler mode of administration indicate that diclofenac may be preferred in the analgesic treatment of renal colic.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1996

Comparison of a rapid hepatitis B immunization schedule to the standard schedule for adults.

We report a prospective, randomized, single-blinded trial comparing immunogenicity of rapid (0, 1, and 2 months) versus standard schedule (0, 1, 6 months) hepatitis B vaccinations of healthy adults with recombinant hepatitis B vaccine (Engerix-B, 20 micrograms i.m.) (230 of 234) negative to hepatitis B were randomized and completed the study. Groups were similar in age, weight, race, and obesity rate, but the rapid schedule group had more women. Both groups reached > or = 100 mIU/mL at a similar rate, but a higher seroprotection rate at > or = 500 mIU/mL was reached by the standard schedule. No demographic variables influenced the effect of dose schedule on anti-hepatitis B titer. We conclude that rapid schedule vaccination gives a rate that is quicker than, and identical to, the rate of seroprotection of the standard schedule vaccination.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

HIV-1 gp41 selectively inhibits spontaneous cell proliferation of human cell lines and mitogen- and recall antigen-induced lymphocyte proliferation.

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transmembrane glycoprotein 41 (gp41) contains an immunosuppressive domain (Env amino acids 583-599). Previous studies by us and others using recombinant soluble gp41 (rsgp41; amino acids 539-684) and immunosuppressive peptide (1SP; a gp41 peptide, amino acids 583-599) have shown that HIV-1 gp41 by the immunosuppressive domain could bind to several proteins on human T, B and monocyte cell lines, and also to normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In this study we demonstrated that HIV-1 rsgp41 could inhibit spontaneous cell proliferation of human T cell lines H9 and Jurkat, B cell lines Raji and Daudi, monocyte cell line U937, but could not inhibit cell proliferation of human fibroblast cell line HEF and green monkey kidney cell line Cos-1. HIV-1 rsgp41 could inhibit also concanavalin A (Con A)-, phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)- and tetanus toxoid (TT)-induced cell proliferation of normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes, with 50% inhibition at a concentration of 8 microM, but could not inhibit pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-induced lymphocyte proliferation. Furthermore, recombinant soluble gp36 of HIV-2 like HIV-1 rsgp41 could inhibit Con A-, but not PWM-induced lymphocyte proliferation. These results indicate that HIV-1 gp41-induced inhibition of proliferation is selective in so far as the effect of PWM is not altered while the effects of several other stimuli are.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1995

Oral diclofenac in the prophylactic treatment of recurrent renal colic. A double-blind comparison with placebo.

We have conducted a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial with oral diclofenac to study the prophylactic effect on renal colic recurrence and spontaneous stone expulsion rate. Forty-one patients were given 50 mg oral diclofenac 3 times a day for 7 days after being discharged for a colic episode from Oslo Emergency Hospital (< 24 h stay) and 39 patients were given matching placebo tablets. The number of new renal colic episodes per accumulated patient treatment days was 64/287 in the diclofenac group and 119/273 in the placebo group (p < 0.01). This difference was greatest during the first 4 treatment days. A similar trend was found for pain intensity (0-10 cm VAS) with the greatest difference on day 1 (4.3 vs. 2.8, p = 0.05). Side effects, mainly gastrointestinal, were reported for 14% of the treatment days in both treatment groups. Stone expulsion rate was almost identical (28 vs. 29 days), regardless of stone size. Readmission rate to Oslo Emergency Hospital/other hospitals were 10 and 67% (p < 0.001). In conclusion, oral treatment with diclofenac was effective as short-term prophylaxis of new colic episodes, especially during the first 4 days, and reduces the number of hospital readmissions significantly. The stone passage rate appears not to be affected.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1971

[4-shift duty].

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Denmark↗