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Biomedical subjects

A Chopdar

Publications and source records attributed to A Chopdar.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Retinal artery macroaneurysms: clinical and fluorescein angiographic features in 34 patients.

AIM: To describe the clinical and fluorescein angiographic features of patients with macroaneurysms (MAs) attending an ophthalmology department over 8 years. METHODS: All the patients between 1997 and 2004 with a diagnosis of retinal artery MA were identified from hospital records. Photographs and fluorescein angiograms were examined, and the MAs classified according to their clinical (haemorrhagic or exudative) features, and angiographic (saccular or fusiform) features. Baseline data of the patients were taken including visual acuity and associated ocular and medical conditions. RESULTS: A total of 38 MAs were identified in 34 patients. The age at presentation ranged from 36 to 93 years, with a mean of 73.7 years. Of them, 24/34 (70%) were female patients, and 10/34 (30%) were male patients. There was a history of hypertension in 9/14 patients (64.3%). Of 38 MAs, 32 were identifiable as either saccular or fusiform. Of these, 22/32 (68.75%) were saccular, the rest fusiform. In all, 72.7% of the saccular MAs showed haemorrhage as the predominant feature. Of the 10 fusiform MAs, 90% showed haemorrhage as the predominant feature. CONCLUSION: Retinal artery macroaneurysm is a rare condition that may mimic a variety of other conditions. Most MAs do not require treatment. We suggest guidelines for diagnosis and propose a treatment algorithm for this condition.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Five to 15 year follow-up of resolved idiopathic central serous chorioretinopathy.

PURPOSE: To recognize the long-term sequelae of resolved idiopathic central serous chorioretinopathy (ICSC) in relation to visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and lesion size between time elapsed since disease onset. METHODS: Patients were recruited from fluorescein angiogram records between January 1985 and December 1995 with confirmed ICSC. Visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and digital fundus photographs were recorded on follow-up. Comparison with the initial red-free photographs were made. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant deterioration of visual acuity over time compared to eyes with ICSC after initial resolution and the normal eyes. The change of lesion size over time was also statistically insignificant. Contrast sensitivity compared to visual acuity showed positive correlation in both ICSC and normal eyes, but the results were statistically insignificant. Lesion size correlates negatively with visual acuity and contrast sensitivity although this was statistically insignificant. CONCLUSION: This study shows little, if any, correlation between time and progression of retinal pigment epitheliopathy following resolution of ICSC. Visual acuity did not seem to worsen over time. Our data were not statistically significant, but it does give insight into the natural history of what is still a relatively poorly understood disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Ophthalmic care for the twenty-first century: a perspective based on a recent white paper, 'The New NHS'.

A recent white paper entitled The New NHS describes the changes that the government aims to adopt in order to deliver a new truly national health service (NHS). Priority would be given to developing community services in partnership with hospital NHS trusts. This paper describes a model that could be adopted for delivering such a service in the field of ophthalmology.

Community Health Services↗
PubMed1998

Lessons to be learned: a case study approach--a case of temporal arteritis.

A 71-year-old male presented with a history of sudden partial visual loss in the right eye with an inferior visual field defect over the past 3-4 days. He had no history of headache or of facial pain. Clinical examination confirmed that vision on the right side was reduced to 6/18 and on the left to 6/12. The right eye showed a relative afferent pupillary defect. There was no other abnormality of the anterior segment of either eye. The right retina showed a pale swollen optic disc and a provisional diagnosis of anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy (AION) was made. An urgent erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was ordered and the patient was asked to return to the eye clinic in one month. However, 16 days later--when it was first recognised that his ESR was elevated to 75 mm in the first hour--the patient was recalled immediately in order to commence systemic steroid treatment; but regrettably, by this time, his right eye had become totally blind. In this case, although the attending doctor made a correct clinical diagnosis on presentation, he failed to act upon the result of the blood test.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

A pre-operative mydriatic regime using a single application of tropicamide Novel Ophthalmic Delivery System and guttae phenylephrine 10%.

Tropicamide Novel Ophthalmic Delivery System (NODS) and guttae (g.) phenylephrine 10% was applied once, 2 hours before cataract surgery, as an alternative to our standard pre-operative regime of g. cyclopentolate 1% and g. phenylephrine 10% used four times before surgery. The two treatment groups were compared using a randomised, prospective, observer-masked study design. The horizontal pupil diameter was significantly smaller using the new regime but the per-operative decrease in diameter was not significantly different, suggesting that surgical miosis was not influenced by reducing the number of mydriatic applications. There was no difference in the subjective grading of the pupil, suggesting that adequate mydriasis suitable for cataract surgery was obtained using the alternative regime. No major complications were documented in relation to the use of NODS. We discuss why less intensive mydriasis is likely to be as efficacious and describe its potential advantages.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

A variant of central areolar choroidal dystrophy.

This article describes the variable ophthalmoscopic features of a macular disorder in five generations of one family. This disease shares similarities with central areolar choroidal dystrophy and other progressive dominant macular dystrophies but demonstrates significant differences that required further consideration. The milder affected individuals had confluent hyperfluorescence around the macular area while the more severe lesions consisted of marked chorioretinal atrophy of the macula. The visual fields revealed a central scotoma. The disorder was transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Carbon-dioxide laser treatment of eye lid lesions.

A commercially available carbon-dioxide laser has been used in the treatment of basal cell carcinoma, capillary haemangioma, papilloma and various other neoplastic lesions involving the lids and paraocular skin. Altogether 20 patients have been treated in the past two years. The results have been very encouraging. All lesions have healed without scarring, and to date there have been no recurrences. The advantage of CO2 laser irradiation is coagulation of blood and lymphatic channels in the treatment area, which prevents bleeding and limits dissemination of tumour cells. Also discussed is the mechanism of CO2 laser and the possibilities for the future.

Carbon Dioxide↗
PubMed1984

Dual trunk central retinal vein incidence in clinical practice.

In a study carried out on 123 eyes to establish the incidence of dual trunk central retinal vein, 25 (20.5%) eyes showed such an arrangement. The presence of such anomalies has also been substantiated through the results of anatomical, histological, and microdissectional studies by various workers. The zone of the retina drained by the individual central retinal vein varied from 30% to 70%. The arrangement was not only superior or inferior, but could also be medial, lateral, diagonal, or crossed. The clinical relevance of this finding is a newly described fundus condition called hemi-central retinal vein occlusion.

Fluorescein Angiography↗
PubMed1982

Occlusion of the posterior ciliary artery. V. Protective influence of simultaneous vortex vein occlusion.

In 28 eyes of rhesus monkeys, occlusion of all the posterior ciliary arteries (PCAs) was either performed alone (in seven eyes) or accompanied simultaneously by occlusion of one vortex vein (VV) (in 11 eyes) or two VVs (in ten eyes). In addition, in four eyes lateral PCA occlusion was combined with occlusion of two VVs. All the eyes were investigated for acute ischemic lesions in the fundus, ie, outer retinal infarcts and anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION). The findings indicate that occlusion of one or two VVs exercised a distinct protective influence against the acute ischemic lesions. The study also demonstrated that notable interstudy and intrastudy variations in the incidence and extent of retinal infarcts and AION among the various previously reported experimental PCA occlusion studies were caused by unintentional and unnoticed cutting of some of the VVs in the orbit.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Hemi-central retinal vein occlusion. Pathogenesis, clinical features, natural history and incidence of dual trunk central retinal vein.

It has been shown that dual trunk central retinal vein (CRV) occurs in 20.3 per cent of a normal population. Confirmatory evidence has been produced by the results of anatomical, histological and micro-dissection studies. Occlusion of the single trunk of such a vein in its retrolaminar, or intraneural part, would result in a venous occlusion affecting one-half of the retina similar to that of branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). Yet this should be regarded as a variation of CRVO. Visual prognosis seems to be better in hemi-central retinal venous occlusion than in total CRVO. The site of development of collateral gives a clue to the site of the occlusion. Therefore, it is suggested that hemi-CRVO is a distinct entity and should not be confused with so-called hemi-spherical vein occlusion which is a variation of BRVO.

Aged↗