[Pigmentation in the oral cavity].
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Addison Disease↗
Biomedical subjects
A Chiesa
Publications and source records attributed to A Chiesa.
[Round lung opacities in magnesium production workers (author's transl)].
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Adult↗
[Magnetic resonance myelography. Preliminary experience].
Three-dimensional (3D) MR Myelography is a new technique using constructive interference steady-state (CISS) sequences, which are characterized by a symmetric flow compensation enhancing CSF signal intensity compared with neural and extradural structures. 3D myelographic projections with different rotation angles are obtained from the 3D dataset with a mathematical algorithm called maximum intensity projection (MIP). Myelographic projections yield a global view of subarachnoid spaces and of root sleeves with no intrathecal contrast agent injection. This study was aimed at assessing the feasibility, the clinical value and the diagnostic accuracy of 3D MR Myelography in comparison with conventional myelography. From September 1992 to January 1994, thirty-five myelograms were performed. The study population consisted of 10 volunteers, 8 patients with traumatic brachial plexus lesions, 7 with herniated disks (4 lumbar and 3 cervical disks), 4 with sacral radicular cysts, 2 with spinal vascular malformations, 3 with extramedullary intradural neoplasms (2 cervical neuromas and 1 cervical meningioma) and 1 with an intramedullary tumor (a conus medullaris ependymoma). All patients underwent SE MRI and conventional myelography (22 lumbar injections, 3 cervical injections of nonionic iodinated contrast agent) followed by CT (CT myelography). This trial demonstrates the feasibility of 3D MR myelography in the study of the cervical and lumbar spine: its results are comparable to those obtained with conventional myelography also in some specific indications like traumatic brachial plexus injuries, where invasive conventional myelography is usually thought to be essential.
Algorithms↗
[The anatomy of the temporal region viewed by magnetic resonance].
The study of the temporal region has been improved by technologic progress from conventional radiography to linear tomography, then to pluridirectional tomography, CT and, finally, MRI. Twenty-five patients were examined with MRI--50 temporal regions in all. MRI was performed with a brain coil, SE T1-weighted sequences (TR 500 ms, TE 25 ms, FOV 180 mm, matrix 256 x 512, 2 acquisitions, slice thickness: 3 mm, acquisition time: 5.30 minutes) before and after Gd-DTPA administration. SE T2-weighted sequences (TR 2000 ms, TE 20-80 ms, FOV 180 mm, matrix 256 x 256, 1 acquisition, slice thickness: 4 mm, acquisition time: 8.30 minutes), 3D CISS sequences (TR 20 ms, TE 8 ms, FOV 180 mm, matrix 256 x 256, acquisition time: 2.46 minutes) and MRA 3D TOF TONE sequences (TR 33 ms, TE 8 ms, FOV 180 mm, matrix 256 x 256, acquisition time: 9.30 minutes) were performed. Neither the temporal bone, made of compact tissue, nor the air spaces (mastoid, antrum, middle ear cavity) exhibit any MR signal. On the contrary, the fluid filling the membranous labyrinth (endolymph and perilymph) and the cerebrospinal fluid filling the internal acoustic canal and the cerebello-pontine angle have high signal. This pattern allows a detailed study, unfeasible with CT, of the inner ear structures (cochlea, vestibule and semicircular canal) and of the internal acoustic canal. Moreover, MRI allows the whole VII and VIII cranial nerves to be studied from their origin at the brain stem to the internal acoustic porus and into the internal acoustic canal. Finally, MRI permits the noninvasive study of temporal region vessels. To conclude, MRI yields new anatomical details of the temporal region useful to address major diagnostic issues--e.g., labyrinth, internal acoustic canal and cerebello-pontine angle lesions.
Cerebellopontine Angle↗
Asbestos bodies in sputum of asbestos exposed workers.
The prevalence of asbestos bodies (AB) in sputum was studied in a group of 220 former or current asbestos workers, who came under observation because of a claim for compensation and who had, in most cases, high levels of exposure. Only one sputum specimen was obtained from each subject. The overall AB prevalence was 34%; it was 24.5% among workers exposed to chrysotile only, and 42% among workers also exposed to amphiboles, thus showing a statistically significant difference. No significant differences were found in AB prevalence either between current asbestos workers and former workers or between asbestosis cases and those without asbestosis. AB prevalence among current smokers was significantly lower than that observed among non-smokers and ex-smokers pooled together. The highest AB prevalence was found among currently exposed textile workers (65.7%), especially in male subjects (66.7%). As the exposure of these groups was heavy and included amphiboles, it may be concluded that although AB counts are highly specific they have low sensitivity.
Asbestos↗
Asbestos bodies in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and sputum.
The aim of the study was to determine the concordance of asbestos body (AB) detection in sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). AB were detected in the BALF of 110 former or current asbestos workers with medium weak exposure level and, for 65 subjects, in sputum. Several spontaneous sputum samples were taken from each subject. AB prevalence in BALF was rather low (48.2%) especially in subjects with former chrysotile exposure (32.5%). AB prevalence was lower in smokers (40.9%) and ex-smokers (40.7%) than in non-smokers (68.7%). In the sub-group, who underwent both sputum and BALF examination, the concordance of AB detection was observed only in 56.8% of the cases. Neither of the two methods had significant prevalence over the other but were complementary, as both are useful in increasing the probability of AB detection.
Asbestos↗