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Biomedical subjects

A Chetty

Publications and source records attributed to A Chetty.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Operational competency development in E and F grade nursing staff: preparation for management.

There is limited literature for operational management competency development in E and F grade nursing staff. These grades of nursing staff have to take over from G grade nurses ward managers on a regular basis. With human resources doing less of the operational management and taking more of an advisory role, nursing staff are now required to deal with disciplinary procedures and other management issues in a more consistent manner. Therefore, this development programme in a Scottish primary care NHS psychiatric service was designed to enable E and F grade nurses to take over from ward managers and to enable ward managers to 'succession plan' for times when they will be absent. The literature is reviewed, the background to the development programme described and the design of the development programme is explained. The results from both the pilot study (n=13) and first group (n=8) through the course are presented, evaluated discussed.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1999

Epithelial-mesenchymal interaction and insulin-like growth factors in hyperoxic lung injury.

To investigate the role of epithelial-mesenchymal interaction on oxygen-induced lung injury, we used a coculture model with lung fibroblasts (FB) embedded between 2 layers of collagen gel with and without human tracheobronchial epithelial cells (HTBE), and studied the effect of hyperoxia on the directed migration of FB towards epithelial cells and proliferation of fetal lung FB. The expression of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, -II, and -IIR mRNAs and proteins was studied in FB and HTBE cells cultured separately in 95% oxygen and 5% CO2 for 48 hours. There was a significant increase in directional migration of FB in coculture with epithelial cells when exposed to 95% oxygen and 5% CO2 (P = .04 compared to cocultures without oxygen exposure). Hyperoxia stimulated the proliferation of fibroblasts cocultured with HTBE cells (0.75 +/- 0.05 x 10(6) cells per well) as compared to control (0.47 +/- 0.03 x 10(6) cells per well; P = .01). This was inhibited by anti-IGF-I antibody (69 +/- 2% of hyperoxia alone; P = .002). Western blot showed a significant increase in IGF-I protein in epithelial cells (P = .02). IGF-I mRNA was increased in HTBE cells after hyperoxia (P = .003). In conclusion, HTBE cells modulate lung FB migration and proliferation in response to hyperoxia exposure. This is mediated in part by IGF-I produced by epithelial cells.

Cell Communication↗
PubMed1993

Hyperoxic exposure of developing rat lung decreases tropoelastin mRNA levels that rebound postexposure.

These studies were undertaken to determine whether tropoelastin message expression in lung parenchymal tissue is altered in rats reared in an hyperoxic environment during the period of time that alveolar septation normally occurs. Rat pups were exposed to > 95% oxygen from days 4 to 14 and killed during the exposure and recovery periods. Results of in situ hybridizations indicated a delay in peak tropoelastin (TE) message levels in oxygen-exposed rats vs. controls, day 16 vs. day 11, respectively. In addition, lung parenchymal TE mRNA levels in the oxygen-exposed pups remained elevated through day 23, 1 wk after TE mRNA levels had decreased in controls. These observations suggest that the regulatory control of elastin synthesis during lung alveolar septation is altered by hyperoxic exposure. In a separate experiment, rat pups were exposed to > 95% oxygen during the period of alveolarization and followed for 4 wk postexposure. Pulmonary function measurements were conducted to determine whether lung function was altered postexposure and, if so, whether recovery occurred. We also used stereological techniques to quantitate the total length of lung parenchymal elastic fibers to determine whether elastic fiber content in the oxygen-exposed pups was restored to normal levels during the month postexposure. Although the total length of elastic fibers in lung parenchyma was found to be greater in oxygen-exposed than control pups from postnatal days 22 to 41, pressure-volume curves indicated that lungs of the oxygen-exposed pups tended to be more compliant than controls, suggesting that abnormal elastic fiber assembly might have been a contributing factor.

Aging↗
PubMed1990

Identification and partial characterization of diagnostically relevant antigens of Aspergillus fumigatus.

Metabolic antigens of Aspergillus fumigatus, soil strain 2605 and sputum isolate, were evaluated for their diagnostic applicability using hyperimmune sera and sera of adults and pediatric patients of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. An indirect ELISA was standardised by using 2-10 micrograms/ml of coating antigen for detection of specific IgG and IgE antibodies in the sera of patients. The ratios of absorbance for specific IgE and IgG antibodies by ELISA (normal to patients) were observed to be in the range of 1:2 to 1:3 to 1:8 respectively. These antigenic preparations were further analyzed to identify and characterize the individual components by immunoblotting. This analysis indicated the presence of allergenic and antigenic determinants in the antigens of molecular weights 70, 34, and 28 Kd. The utility of the antigens of soil strain for diagnostic purpose is suggested.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis in children.

Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis (CFA) in children is supposedly a rare diffuse lung disease characterized clinically by tachypnoea, cough, poor weight gain, and cyanosis. Histologically, it is characterized by thickening of alveolar walls and infiltration of the alveolar septae with mononuclear cells and fibrous tissue. The condition is more acute in children, with fulminant course. Ten children were diagnosed as having CFA out of three hundred children seen over a period of 3 years. Diagnosis was established by characteristic clinical findings and laboratory evaluation. All the children had tachypnoea at rest and bilateral crepitations in the absence of fever. Diffuse bilateral persistent irregular shadows were noted on the chest X-ray of these children. Pulmonary function studies revealed a restrictive type of abnormality with low transfer factor for carbon monoxide in six children. Open lung biopsy was done in eight children. The biopsy material was graded according to nine morphologic variables. Administration of steroids early in the course of illness resulted in amelioration of symptoms in 60% of the patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in Indian children with bronchial asthma.

Out of 243 children with bronchial asthma, 107 children (44%) were found to have perennial asthma. These children were studied to determine the incidence of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) in Indian children. Clinical and radiologic evaluations, skin testing, and precipitin studies with Aspergillus fumigatus antigen, and total IgE level estimations were done. Fifteen percent of children had four or more of the criteria, and were considered to have ABPA.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Radionuclide detection of gastroesophageal reflux in children suffering from recurrent lower respiratory tract infection.

Radionuclide gastro-esophageal scintigraphy was performed on 25 control and 183 children suffering from recurrent lower respiratory tract infection. Gastro-esophageal reflux (GER) of varying grades was observed in 135 patients. The severity of clinical symptoms in the patients was found to be directly related to the severity of reflux observed in the radionuclide study. In some patients an attempt was also made to quantitate GER by calculating the Gastro-esophageal reflux index. The results of the scintigraphic study were correlated with the results of the other commonly used and more conventional Barium swallow and fluoroscopy study. Gastro-esophageal scintigraphy was found to be much superior in terms of sensitivity, specificity and accuracy in detecting GER. It was also possible to objectively evaluate and monitor response to treatment following conservative or corrective surgical therapy using the radionuclide technique. The results of the study demonstrated a remarkably high incidence of GER in the patients. Whether GER is the cause of recurrent lower respiratory tract infection or not is difficult to establish firmly. But within the preview of the study the association seems to be very strong and cannot be easily ignored.

Child↗