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Biomedical subjects

A Cherian

Publications and source records attributed to A Cherian.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

Beta1- and beta3-adrenoceptors mediate relaxation in ovine trachealis smooth muscle.

Isoprenaline (non-selective) and noradrenaline (beta1-selective) concentration-dependently relaxed ovine tracheal strips precontracted with carbachol. The pD2 values were 7.07 +/- 0.08 and 6.13 +/- 0.10 for isoprenaline and noradrenaline, respectively. In the same preparation, salbutamol either produced weak relaxation or in some cases, contractile responses indicating the presence of very little or no beta2-adrenoceptors in this preparation. Isoprenaline-and noradrenaline-induced relaxations were antagonized by propranolol and atenolol with pA2 values in the range reported in the literature for an action on beta1-adrenoceptors. ICI 118551 also antagonized isoprenaline- and noradrenaline-induced relaxation but at concentrations much higher than are required to block beta2-adrenoceptors, confirming that beta2-adrenoceptors do not contribute significantly to these responses. The selective beta3-adrenoceptor agonist, BRL 37344A produced concentration-dependent relaxation of tracheal strips. BRL 37344A was a full agonist producing 100% relaxation of carbachol-induced tone. BRL 37344A-induced relaxation was weakly antagonized by propranolol confirming an action, mainly, on beta3-adrenoceptors. Cyanopindolol antagonized isoprenaline-induced relaxation (in the presence of propranolol, 10(-7) M) with a pA2 value of 8.06 +/- 0.24. It was therefore concluded that beta1- and beta3-adrenoceptors mediated agonist-induced relaxation in sheep tracheal strips.

Adrenergic beta-Agonists↗
PubMed1995

Primary malignancies of the corpus uteri retrospective five year analysis.

Primary malignant tumours of the body of the uterus are less common in India compared to carcinoma of the cervix. This study analyzed 86 primary malignant tumours of the body of the uterus over a 5 year period with regard to incidence of the various tumours, age group, gravidity, any predisposing factor, and the incidence of carcinoma of the cervix in the same period. Adeno-carcinomas were found to be the most common type of tumour. Tropho-blastic malignancies and mixed mullerian tumours also formed a significant number of cases. Compared to Western studies our patients with adenocarcinoma, adenosquamous carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and mixed mullerian tumour, were younger. Patients with adeno-carcinomas had a higher parity and patients with choriocarcinoma had a lower parity. Diabetes, hypertension and obesity were not as common as in the West. Carcinoma of the cervix was found to be commoner than primary malignant tumours of the body of the uterus.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Tuberculosis in the elderly.

A study of 120 cases of tuberculosis in patients aged 65 years and above revealed that there were more males than females with the disease compared with the younger age group of 15 to 45 years old. The elderly group also had significantly more severe and more had bacteriologically positive disease. The majority of them were born outside Singapore and immigrated more than 30 years ago. Risk factors such as diabetes mellitus, past history of tuberculosis, malignancy and gastrectomy were more common in the elderly group. Standard 6-month regimens were well tolerated and adverse side effects to the drugs were negligible.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Detergent induced lysis of erythrocytes in kwashiorkor.

The effect of the non-ionic detergent Nonidet P40 on lysis of erythrocytes in children suffering from kwashiorkor was studied. The concentration of the detergent causing 50% haemolysis was significantly reduced in these patients. Detergent haemolysis was more sensitive than osmotic fragility (which was reduced). The abnormality was only slight in marasmic children.

Anemia↗
PubMed1985

Recovery of potential pathogens from feeding bottle contents and teats in Zaria, Nigeria.

Pathogens were recovered from the contents of 41 out of 50 feeding bottles and from 32 teats in a survey in Zaria, Nigeria. 39 bottle contents and 30 teats yielded enteric pathogens. Traditional weaning gruels were more contaminated than were commercial feeds. Koko bottles yielded more pathogens than Akamu bottles. Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli was the most common pathogen recovered, seen more in bottle contents than teats. Bottle hygiene was poor and cleaning methods and feeding practices were not satisfactory. Lack of facilities in the home prevented better hygiene. Prolonged pre-cooking preparation, storage of gruels in bulk for the whole day in thermos flasks or enamel bowls, and inadequate hygiene in the preparation of commercial feeds resulted in the large recovery of pathogens. Alternate feeding methods were suggested and the need for the practice of good hygiene by all who are involved in the preparation of infant feeds was emphasized.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Serum aminotransferases and gamma-glutamyl transferase in protein energy malnutrition.

Forty six children suffering from Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM) were classified according to the Wellcome classification. Their aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyl transferase were measured. Aspartate aminotransferase was raised in 20 patients (43.5%) and alanine aminotransferase was raised in 12 patients (26%). Y-glutamyl transferase was raised in only one patient suffering from marasmic kwashiorkor, who, in contrast to the rest of the patients had a marked rise in aminotransferases. The aminotransferase elevation correlated positively with a Severity Index calculated from height and weight retardation and serum albumin levels. It is suggested that the moderate rise in aminotransferases found in PEM is not due to damage to the liver. However, marked enzyme elevations can occur in a small minority of patients, suggestive of liver injury, probably caused by hepatotoxins.

Child↗
PubMed1984

Surgical treatment of prosthetic endocarditis. Aortic root replacement using a homograft.

This article reports the successful surgical treatment of six patients who presented with prosthetic endocarditis and uncontrolled bacteremia. They were treated by replacement of the aortic root with a preserved homograft aortic valve. With this technique, ventricular-aortic continuity was established with a centrally flowing valve together with its attached aorta. The weakened aortic and the associated root abscess were thereby excluded from the high-anulus pressure systemic circulation. There were no operative deaths, and the longest postoperative survival time is 10 years. Two patients have conduction disturbance and symptoms relating to their malfunctioning aortic valves. The remaining four patients are all well at 5 years, 2 years, 9 months, and 6 months with no further evidence of infection. Homograft aortic root replacement is a suitable treatment for this potentially lethal condition.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Anthropometric measurement of malnutrition in children in Zaria, Nigeria.

In a combined hospital and community study anthropometric measurements were made on 2134 children under three years of age, of whom 1445 were underweight children attending a hospital nutrition clinic, 484 were unselected village children and 205 were well nourished controls. Weight and length data were analysed to determine the prevalence of different degrees of nutritional deficit in the three groups at different ages. The U.S.A. Academy of Sciences (1976) median weight/age, length/age and weight/length were used as reference standards (1). Prevalence of nutritional deficit in the groups was estimated differently by the three anthropometric indicators, weight/age giving the highest estimate and identifying not only 89% of the "malnourished" but also 48% of "village" children as significantly underweight for age. Analysis of length measurements identified an increased prevalence of stunting with advancing age in all groups and a significant peak prevalence of wasting in village children during the second year of life. The possible reasons for this nutritional crisis during the second year of life are discussed. The operational significance of the different estimates of prevalence of nutritional deficit given by the three anthropometric indicators is also discussed. It is suggested that a combined hospital and community study of malnutrition is of value in planning nutritional intervention.

Body Height↗
PubMed1968

An address.

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India↗