Focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver and hypercholesterolemia in a child with VACTERL syndrome.
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Abnormalities, Multiple↗
Biomedical subjects
A Chawla
Publications and source records attributed to A Chawla.
Homelessness and chronic mental illness in Mississippi.
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Chronic Disease↗
Erosion through the posterior gastric wall by a pancreatic pseudocyst secondary to gastric duplication.
Gastric duplications are the rarest form of enteric duplication. They account for about 20% of all gastrointestinal duplications. Delayed and missed diagnosis leads to prolonged morbidity and mortality. We report a case of a child with a gastric duplication cyst in the body of the pancreas, associated with a pancreatic pseudocyst that ultimately eroded into the posterior wall of the stomach.
Humans↗
Cloning, characterization, and expression in Escherichia coli of the genes encoding the cytochrome d oxidase complex from Azotobacter vinelandii.
Azotobacter vinelandii is a free-living nitrogen-fixing bacterium that has one of the highest respiratory rates of all aerobic organisms. Based on various physiological studies, a d-type cytochrome has been postulated to be the terminal oxidase of a vigorously respiring but apparently uncoupled branch of the electron transport system in the membranes of this organism. We cloned and characterized the structural genes of the two subunits of this oxidase. The deduced amino acid sequences of both subunits of the A. vinelandii oxidase have extensive regions of homology with those of the two subunits of the Escherichia coli cytochrome d complex. Most notably, the histidine residues proposed to be the axial ligands for the b hemes of the E. coli oxidase and an 11-amino-acid stretch proposed to be part of the ubiquinone binding site are all conserved in subunit I of the A. vinelandii oxidase. The A. vinelandii cytochrome d was expressed in a spectrally and functionally active form in the membranes of E. coli, under the control of the lac or tac promoter. The spectral features of the A. vinelandii cytochrome d expressed in E. coli are very similar to those of the E. coli cytochrome d. The expressed oxidase was active as a quinol oxidase and could reconstitute an NADH to oxygen electron transport chain.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Fungal diarrhoea: association of different fungi and seasonal variation in their incidence.
A total of 854 patients (640 children and 214 adults) admitted with acute or chronic diarrhoea suspected of non-invasive overgrowth of fungi in intestine were screened during a period of 3 years. Fungal proliferation was noted in 54.8% of these patients (53.6% in children, 58.4% in adults). The predominant fungal species isolated were Candida albicans (64.5%), followed by C. tropicalis (23.3%) C. krusei (6.9%). Torulopsis glabrata (1.6%). Trichosporon sp. and Geotrichum sp. were found to be responsible in 2.3% of adults. As seen in bacterial diarrhoea, higher incidence was noted in children from April to August. No such seasonal variation was noted in adults.
Acute Disease↗
Patient costs in the prevention and treatment of post-cesarean section infection.
The total cost to the patient is an important consideration in the selection of antimicrobials for prevention and treatment of post-cesarean section endomyometritis. We compared the cost to the patient of commonly used therapeutic and prophylactic agents in a theoretical model population of 450 women who were delivered by cesarean section. Cost of the drug alone on a per gram, per dose, or per day of therapy basis is not an accurate way of estimating the cost eventually paid by the patient. The therapeutic efficacy, frequency of administration, and need for ancillary services for each treatment regimen affect significantly the patient's costs.
Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
Magnetic resonance arthrography in recurrent anterior shoulder instability as compared to arthroscopy: a prospective comparative study.
AIM: To evaluate the accuracy of magnetic resonance (MR) arthrographic imaging in the diagnosis of glenoid labral and ligament tears in recurrent shoulder instability. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Prospective, comparative study at a tertiary care centre. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients with three or more episodes of anterior shoulder dislocation were enrolled in the study. They were subjected to magnetic resonance arthrography (MRA) for delineation of abnormalities. The findings obtained at MRA were compared with those found at arthroscopy and surgical exploration. RESULTS: MRA detected glenoid tears in all 22 patients with 20 (90%) patients having antero-inferior tears, 3 (14%) patients had superior labral involvement and 2 (10%) patients had posterior labral abnormality. On arthroscopy, antero-inferior, superior and posterior labral tear were found in 21 (95%), 5 (22%) and 7 (32%) patients respectively. MRA showed a sensitivity of 95%, and a specificity of 100% for the detection of the antero-inferior labral tears. The sensitivity of MRA for the detection of superior, middle and inferior glenohumeral ligament tear was 83%, 80% and 86% with a specificity of 100%, 71% and 93% respectively. MRA was 100% sensitive for the detection of rotator cuff injuries and detection of bony lesions like Hill-Sach's and bony Bankart's lesion. CONCLUSIONS: MRA is a sensitive and specific modality for evaluation of anterior shoulder instability.
Adolescent↗
Sleep patterns in pregnancy: a longitudinal study of polysomnography recordings during pregnancy.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the differences in sleep of women throughout pregnancy compared with those of nonpregnant control subjects. STUDY DESIGN: Four pregnant women were studied longitudinally during their pregnancy using inpatient polysomnography. Measurements included electroencephalography, electrocardiography, and continuous-pulse oximetry. Four healthy nonpregnant women matched for age and weight were used as control subjects. The total sleep time was recorded, and percentages of each sleep stage were generated. RESULTS: Qualitative differences in sleep between pregnancy patients and control subjects were evident. Control subjects displayed a normal appearance of slow-wave sleep in stages 3 and 4 (delta sleep). When pregnant patients did display delta sleep, it appeared abnormal secondary to extensive alpha-wave intrusion. Even when including this abnormal delta sleep in a quantitative comparison, the pregnant patients had a significantly shorter percentage of total sleep time in delta sleep (4.9+/-1.9% vs 21.9+/-6.0%, p=0.03). CONCLUSION: Sleep in pregnancy is characterized by loss of normal slow-wave sleep. Thus, sleep stages 3 and 4 are shortened during pregnancy. This sleep alteration is persistent when followed longitudinally during pregnancy.
Adult↗