Biomedical subjects
A Chapman
Publications and source records attributed to A Chapman.
Alpha-chain disease without qualitative serum IgA abnormality. Report of two cases, including a "nonsecretory" form.
Two cases of alpha-chain disease (alpha-CD) without detectable amounts of alpha-CD protein in serum are reported. Both patients presented with the usual epidemiologic, clinical and pathologic features of alpha-CD, including a predominantly plasmacytic infiltration of the whole small intestine, alpha-CD Protein was found in the jejunal fluid in one case but not in the other, the latter presenting as a "nonsecretory" form of alpha-CD. In both cases, immunofluorescence study of the small bowel mucosa showed that most of the infiltrating cells were positive for alpha chains and negative for other isotypes, and kappa and lambda light chains. These findings warrant a reevaluation of the prevalence of alpha-CD protein synthesis in immunoproliferative small intestinal disease (IPSID) (including lymphomas previously described as Mediterranean lymphoma) by performing an adequate search for alpha-CD protein in the jejunal juice, and at the cellular level in patients without detectable amounts of this protein in serum.
[Fatal herpetic hepatitis in an apparently healthy adult].
The authors report the case of a 46-year old patient who died from fulminant herpetic hepatitis. No cause of immuno-depression was documented in this patient. No skin or mucosal herpetic lesion was found except a questionable urethritis. Herpes virus was demonstrated in the hepatocytes by electron microscopy and isolated from the serum. It was identified as herpes virus hominis type II. The low titer of circulating antibodies did not permit the distinction between herpetic primo-infection and reactivation. The features of the hepatic injury are discussed and compared with previous reports. An active diagnostic approach of herpetic hepatitis is considered.
Using videotapes to develop managerial assertiveness.
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[First human case of Drechslera longirostrata mycosis. Spondylodiscitis complicating prosthesis endocarditis. Treatment with combined ketoconazole and amphotericin B].
In a patient with spondylodiscitis secondary to cardiac valve prosthesis infection with endocarditis the fungus Drechslera longirostrata, which had not yet been known to cause mycoses, was isolated from cultures of prosthetic material and an intervertebral disc. The cardiac prosthesis had to be replaced and the vertebral lesion, which extended along 3 lumbar segments and was destructive enough to produce neurological disorders, required surgical immobilization of the spine. The disc infection was cured after combined administration of amphotericin B and ketoconazole, both drugs having proved unsuccessful when given alone. Infections caused by rare opportunistic fungi are becoming increasingly common and are difficult to diagnose since immunological methods are inapplicable. In some resistant or extremely severe fungal infections antifungal agents can be used in combinations for their synergistic effects, with subsequent reduction of dosage and potential side-effects. Combinations must be based on in vitro sensitivity tests.
[Acute perihepatitis of genital origin (Fitz Hugh-Curtis syndrome): 4 case reports].
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Repetitive skill deterioration with fast and exercise-lowered blood glucose.
Using a computerized system for measurement of the variability of force exerted at 26 points in each pedal revolution during the repetitive habituated task of cycling, healthy adult males 6 times performed for 20 minutes, either (a) 3 hours after a meal (fasting) or when so fasted and then fed glucose (b) immediately before, or (c) 30 minutes before performance. Both light and moderate workloads were used. As expected, blood glucose concentrations fell modestly below basal with exercise under (a) or (c) but not under (b). ANOVA of force mean and variability statistics significantly contrasted the 3 treatments, and 2 linear functions from multivariate analysis showed (a) and (c) to be significantly different from (b). These two treatments depressing blood glucose were more variable in force applied, with altered pattern of average forces, especially for points in the task where changes occurred in the force/time relationship. These points may use more immediate feedback correction. Such deterioration of movement control has significant applied implications and invites study of its neural aetiology.
Between-minute stability in habituated human skill with modestly lowered blood glucose.
Modestly lowered blood glucose (G) occurs with fasting and exercise, increasing variability in forces applied during repetitions of an habituated cycling task. Its effect was studied on stability of the movement cycle pattern of forces from minute to minute. Forces applied at 26 positions in the movement cycle were correlated with each other over 20 one minute samples. Six young men worked (a) 3 hr post-prandial, or as (a) but terminated by feeding 100 g (G) slurry (b) immediately before or (c) 30 minutes before exercise. For each sample, data were averaged over subjects, feet, exercise loads (100 W; 150 W) and 40 movement cycles. Over all conditions together, the movement cycle forces were strongly patterned, implying control by pre-set neural programs. Evoked depressions of blood G below fasting coincided with significant reduction in this patterning. It is suggested that in neural control circuits with modestly depressed blood G, there may be increased sensitivity to feedback over movement cycles.
Mechanism of anticonvulsant action of valproate.
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Sporulation competence in Physarum polycephalum CL and the requirement for DNA replication and mitosis.
The optimum conditions for sporulation and the requirements for mitosis and DNA replication during the onset of the process have been investigated in plasmodia of the CL strain of Physarum polycephalum. A 72 h period of starvation was necessary before a plasmodium became competent to sporulate on exposure to light. The plasmodium became irreversibly committed to sporulation 4 to 5 h after illumination. The commitment point was related to the time of illumination rather than the duration of starvation. Three periods of DNA synthesis were detected during the initial 24 h of starvation, but in an asporogenous derivative of the CL strain only the first two periods were detected. Inhibition of mitosis with nocodazole or of DNA synthesis with hydroxyurea prevented sporulation. Escape of plasmodia from hydroxyurea inhibition of sporulation coincided with the last detectable period of DNA synthesis, but escape from nocodazole inhibition of sporulation occurred 25 to 30 h later.
[False cholecystitis: acute perihepatitis (Fitz-Hugh-Curtis' syndrome)].
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Glucose starvation alters lipid-linked oligosaccharide biosynthesis in Chinese hamster ovary cells.
The effect of glucose deprivation on the synthesis of lipid-linked oligosaccharides by Chinese hamster ovary cells has been studied. When these cells are placed in serum-free Dulbecco's minimal essential medium devoid of glucose, there is a rapid cessation of the synthesis of the usual Glc3Man9GlcNAc2 lipid-linked oligosaccharide and the accumulation of a smaller species with the composition Man9GlcNAc2. This latter compound is the glucosylated and transferred to protein where it is subsequently processed. These findings demonstrate that Chinese hamster ovary cells utilize an alternate glycosylation pathway when deprived of glucose.
The primary glycosylation defect in class E Thy-1-negative mutant mouse lymphoma cells is an inability to synthesize dolichol-P-mannose.
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[Tricholeukocytic leukemia with monoclonal IgG K].
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Ultrastructure and function of cysts from human adult polycystic kidneys.
Twenty cysts from five patients with adult polycystic kidney disease were evaluated morphologically by electron microscopy and functionally by cyst fluid chemical analysis in order to correlate the structure with the function of the cyst wall. Thirteen proximal cysts, as defined by cyst fluid/serum sodium ratios of 0.8 to 1.2, were lined by epithelial cells with open or short closed apical junctions that appeared permeable to lanthanum. In contrast, seven distal cysts, as defined by cyst fluid/serum sodium ratios of less than 0.4, were lined by epithelial cells with long closed apical junctions that appeared impermeable to lanthanum. Cell organelles showed no distinction between proximal and distal cysts. Cyst basement membranes appeared abnormal, but there was no consistent pattern. The fluid of proximal cysts contained lower creatinine, potassium, and hydrogen ion, and higher chloride concentrations than did the distal cysts. These studies provide morphologic and chemical evidence consistent with te view that cysts originate from nephrons. Moreover, the maintenance of the epithelial lining and transmembrane solute gradients over many years extending up to and beyond the development of renal insufficiency suggests that the cysts function as nephronsthrughout the life of the patient.
Free fatty acids in the brain in bicuculline-induced status epilepticus.
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On the onset of acute tubular necrosis with a view towards prevention.
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Class E Thy-1 negative mouse lymphoma cells utilize an alternate pathway of oligosaccharide processing to synthesize complex-type oligosaccharides.
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