[Rotational atherectomy: to be or not to be in interventional cardiology].
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Atherectomy, Coronary↗
Biomedical subjects
A Cequier
Publications and source records attributed to A Cequier.
Stenting the stent: initial results and long-term clinical and angiographic outcome of coronary stenting for patients with in-stent restenosis.
Stent restenosis constitutes a therapeutic challenge affecting an increasing number of patients. Conventional angioplasty and debulking techniques are currently used in these patients. However, the potential role of a second stent implantation in this setting (stenting the stent) remains unknown. Therefore, 65 consecutive patients (12 women, aged 62 +/- 11 years) undergoing stent implantation (42 elective and 23 unplanned) for the treatment of in-stent restenosis (diffuse [> 10 mm] in 39 [60%]) were studied. Angiographic success was obtained in all patients. Three patients developed hospital complications: 1 died from refractory heart failure and 2 suffered non-Q-wave myocardial infarctions. During follow-up (mean 17 +/- 11 months) 1 patient died (noncardiac cause) and only 9 (14%) required target vessel revascularization. Kaplan-Meier event-free survival (freedom from death, myocardial infarction, and target vessel revascularization) at 1 year was 84%. Using Cox analysis, patients with unstable symptoms, a short time to stent restenosis, nonelective stenting, and B2-C lesions tended to have poorer prognosis. After adjustment, nonelective stenting was associated (adjusted RR 2.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.82 to 10.3, p = 0.09) with an adverse clinical outcome. On quantitative angiography (core lab) restenosis was found in 13 of 43 patients (30%) (75% of those eligible). Logistic regression analysis identify restenosis length (adjusted RR 1.43, 95% CI 1.04 to 2.14, p = 0.04), and time to restenosis (adjusted RR 0.67, 95% CI 0.47 to 0.94, p = 0.01) as the only independent predictors of recurrent restenosis. Thus, repeat coronary stenting is a safe and efficacious strategy for the treatment of patients with in-stent restenosis. Both elective and nonelective stenting provide excellent initial results. The long-term clinical and angiographic outcome of these patients is also favorable.
Coronary Angiography↗
[Right ventricular outflow obstruction due to a giant pseudoaneurysm of the anterior descending coronary artery in a patient with Behçet's disease].
Giant pseudoaneurysms of coronary arteries in patients with Behçet's disease is a uncommon finding. It has been described exceptionally in the literature. We present a case of giant pseudoaneurysm of the left anterior descending coronary artery with obstruction of the right ventricular outflow in a patient with Behçet's disease. He improved after surgical resection and steroid treatment.
Adult↗
[Spanish Registry of the Section of Hemodynamic and Interventional Cardiology Activity for 1999].
The results of the Spanish Registry of Hemodynamic and Interventional Cardiology in 1999 are presented. The activity of 90 centers representing all the cardiac catheterization laboratories in Spain is reported, with 83 centers performing mainly adult cardiac catheterization and 7 centers exclusively carrying out pediatric cardiac catheterization. In 1999, a total of 82,805 diagnostic catheterization procedures, 79% being coronary angiographies (65,234; 1,637 per million inhabitants), were performed, representing a total increase of 11.4% compared to 1998. Compared to 1998, coronary intervention increased by 14.2%, with a total number of 23,010 procedures. The ratio of coronary interventions per million inhabitants was 590. Success rates for coronary interventions (94%) and complications (2.2%) were similar to those registered in previous years, and in 12.4% of the cases IIb-IIIa glycoprotein inhibitors were used. Ten point two per cent of the procedures were performed to treat acute myocardial infarction. Coronary stenting is the main device for coronary intervention. In 1999, coronary stents were used in 17,783 cases (23% increase compared to 1998), representing 77.3% of all coronary revascularization procedures. A total of 22,946 prostheses were implanted, 87% electively and 21.4% as a primary stenting procedure, with a low rate of complications (0.85% subacute closure, 1.95% myocardial infarction and 0.9% mortality). Compared to 1998, both directional coronary atherectomy (52 procedures) and rotational atherectomy (473 procedures) showed a slight decrease.A slight increase (4% compared to 1998) was reported in adult valvuloplasties (525 vs 505)while pediatric interventional procedures increased by 21% (678 vs 557 procedures) compared to 1998. In conclusion, we would like to underline the high degree of laboratory participation in the Registry, and despite the increase in activity, the current rates remain lower than European figures.
Adult↗
Predictive factors and long-term evolution of early endothelial dysfunction after cardiac transplantation.
BACKGROUND: Abnormal coronary vasomotion appears to be a common finding after heart transplantation (HTx). However, the pathophysiology and outcome of this functional disturbance remains poorly understood. Aims of the study were to determine the prevalence, predictive factors and long-term evolution of endothelial dysfunction after cardiac transplantation. METHODS: The endothelium-dependent coronary vasomotion of 50 patients, who showed angiographically normal coronary arteries, were studied early (at 3 +/- 1 months) and at follow-up (16 +/- 5 months) after HTx. Endothelial function was studied by selective infusion of serial doses of acetylcholine (ACh) (10(-8), 10(-7)and 10(-6) mol/l) in the left anterior descending coronary artery. Changes in mean luminal diameter after the infusion of each dose were evaluated by quantitative coronary angiography (QCA). RESULTS: At early study, 17 patients (34%) showed a vasoconstriction after maximal dose of ACh (-13.3 +/- 13%) indicative of endothelial dysfunction. Logistic regression analysis identified the following variables as independent predictors of early endothelial dysfunction: donor inotropic support (p = 0.004), female donor (p = 0.04) and rejection at the time of the study (p = 0.01). Forty-one patients were re-studied at follow-up. Nine of them (22%) presented endothelial dysfunction. Early endothelial dysfunction was restored in 6 patients (43%) at follow-up. The number of episodes of rejection was the only variable associated to late endothelial dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS: Endothelial dysfunction is a common finding after cardiac transplantation. The pathogenesis of this functional disturbance appears to be donor-related and immune-mediated. The reversibility of this phenomenon observed at follow-up suggests the episodic nature of the immunologic injury.
Acetylcholine↗
Partial improvement in pulmonary function after successful percutaneous balloon mitral valvotomy.
STUDY OBJECTIVES: This study was performed to assess the changes in pulmonary function after a successful percutaneous balloon mitral valvotomy (PBMV) in 23 consecutive patients with symptomatic mitral stenosis. METHODS AND RESULTS: Lung function preprocedure and postprocedure were evaluated by spirometric flow, static pulmonary volumes, and diffusion capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO). At baseline, a reduction in small airways flow (maximal expiratory flow at 50% of vital capacity, 70 +/- 29% of predicted value; maximal expiratory flow at 25% of vital capacity, 55 +/- 26% of predicted value) and an increase in DLCO (118 +/- 29%) and Krough Index (KCO; 123 +/- 29% of predicted value) were observed. PBMV caused an improvement in hemodynamic parameters with an increase in mitral valve area (from 1.0 +/- 0.3 to 1.9 +/- 0.5 cm(2); p < 0.001) and a decrease in left atrial pressure (from 17 +/- 3 to 12 +/- 5 mm Hg; p < 0.001). These changes were associated with a significant increase in FVC (from 2.8 +/- 0.84 to 2.9 +/- 0.80 L; p < 0.05) and in FEV(1) (from 2.2 +/- 0.72 to 2.3 +/- 0.68 L; p < 0.05). A decrease in DLCO was observed after PBMV (from 26.7 +/- 7 to 22.5 +/- 5.4 mL/min/mm Hg; p < 0.001; and KCO, from 6.2 +/- 1.4 to 5.2 +/- 1.2 mL/min/mm Hg/L; p < 0.001). No significant changes in small airways flow were detected, suggesting only a partial improvement in pulmonary congestion. CONCLUSION: We conclude that the initial impairment of lung function in patients with symptomatic mitral stenosis is only partially ameliorated by PBMV.
Adult↗
[Spontaneous multivessel coronary dissection as a cause of acute myocardial infarct--case report]].
The authors describe a case reported in a young female with antecedents of aortic pathology and renovascular hypertension submitted to renal artery surgery admitted to emergency with an extensive acute myocardial infarction, treated with thrombolysis. After coronariography we identify, as etiological factor, a spontaneous coronary dissection involving the descending anterior coronary artery and circumflex coronary artery with no affect on the left main coronary artery. About this case, the authors make a brief review of the literature emphasizing the therapeutic options.
Adult↗
Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from right coronary artery ostium.
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Coronary Vessel Anomalies↗
Preserved endothelium-dependent vasodilation in coronary segments previously treated with balloon angioplasty and intracoronary irradiation.
BACKGROUND: Abnormal endothelium-dependent coronary vasomotion has been reported after balloon angioplasty (BA), as well as after intracoronary radiation. However, the long-term effect on coronary vasomotion is not known. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term vasomotion of coronary segments treated with BA and brachytherapy. METHODS AND RESULTS: Patients with single de novo lesions treated either with BA followed by intracoronary beta-irradiation (according to the Beta Energy Restenosis Trial-1.5) or with BA alone were eligible. Of these groups, those patients in stable condition who returned for 6-month angiographic follow-up formed the study population (n=19, irradiated group and n=11, control group). Endothelium-dependent coronary vasomotion was assessed by selective infusion of serial doses of acetylcholine (ACh) proximally to the treated area. Mean luminal diameter was calculated by quantitative coronary angiography both in the treated area and in distal segments. Endothelial dysfunction was defined as a vasoconstriction after the maximal dose of ACh (10(-6) mol/L). Seventeen irradiated segments (89.5%) demonstrated normal endothelial function. In contrast, 10 distal nonirradiated segments (53%) and 5 control segments (45%) demonstrated endothelium-dependent vasoconstriction (-19+/-17% and -9.0+/-5%, respectively). Mean percentage of change in mean luminal diameter after ACh was significantly higher in irradiated segments (P=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Endothelium-dependent vasomotion of coronary segments treated with BA followed by beta-radiation is restored in the majority of stable patients at 6-month follow-up. This functional response appeared to be better than those documented both in the distal segments and in segments treated with BA alone.
Acetylcholine↗
[The Registry of the Activities of the Hemodynamics and Interventional Cardiology Section in 1998].
The results of the Spanish Registry of Hemodynamic and Interventional Cardiology of the Spanish Society of Cardiology in 1998 are hereby presented. The Registry collects the activity of 82 centers, which constitutes all the cardiac catheterization laboratories in Spain. The main activity was adult cardiac catheterization in 75 centers, and exclusively pediatric cardiac catheterization in 7. A total of 74,364 diagnostic catheterization procedures, 80% coronary angiographies (59,321; 1,498 per million inhabitants), were performed, which represents a 2.8% total increase compared to 1997. Coronary intervention increased by 8.6% compared to 1997, for a total number of 20,146 procedures. The ratio of coronary interventions per million inhabitants was 509. Success rates of coronary interventions (94%) and complications (2.3%) are similar to those registered in previous years, and in 9.7% of the cases, IIb-IIIa glicoprotein inhibitors were used. A 8.6% of the procedures were performed in order to treat an acute myocardial infarction. Coronary stenting is, continues to be the main device for coronary intervention. In 1998, coronary stents were employed in 14,497 cases (a 27% increase compared to 1997) which represents the 72% of all coronary revascularizations procedures. A total of 19,378 prosthesis were implanted, 83% in a elective way and 12.9% primary stenting, with a low rate of complications (1.5% subacute closure, 1.5% myocardial infarction and 0.94% mortality). Compared to 1997, directional coronary atherectomy (83 procedures) showed a slight decrease, whereas rotational atherectomy (549 procedures) has stabilized the number of procedures and centers performing this technique. As in previous years, a slight decrease (9% compared to 1997) in adult valvuloplasties (505 vs 559) were noted. Pediatric interventional procedures increased by 20% (557 vs 465 procedures) compared to the 1997 Registry.
Adult↗
[The treatment of intra-stent restenosis. The current situation and future outlook].
In-stent restenosis is an increasing problem due to the frequent use of coronary stent as a form of percutaneous revascularization. The global incidence is near to 28%, and it is well document that a neointimal hyperplasia is its principal mechanism. The most commonly related factors for its appearance are diabetes mellitus, a longer length of the original lesion, a smaller diameter of the reference vessel, the left anterior descending artery location and a smaller luminal diameter at the end of the procedure. Due to a different long term evolution in-stent restenosis has been classified as focal or diffuse, according to the length of the restenotic lesion (focal < 10 mm and diffuse > or = 10 mm). Some strategies have been proven for its treatment, but no randomized-controlled trials have been published comparing these different treatments. In focal in-stent restenosis the practice of a conventional balloon angioplasty is associated with high initial clinical success with a favourable long term evolution (target lesion revascularization between 11-15%). But on the contrary, in diffuse in-stent restenosis, in spite of a high initial success rate, an elevated target lesion revascularization has been detected at the follow-up (up to 43%). Other proved such as atherectomy or excimer laser are associated with a significant procedural non-Q-wave infarction (near to 9%) and a long term target lesion revascularization during follow-up (23-31%). The implantation of an additional stent has been performed with low procedural complications and with a long term target lesion revascularization near to 27%. Patients treated with intracoronary radiation as a complementary technique seem to have a better long term evolution than those having had the other strategies alone. In conclusion, in-stent-restenosis is a new and progressively more frequent problem, requiring complex treatment and of which as been established. Comparative controlled studies need to be performed in order to determine the best treatment for this new entity.
Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary↗
[Registry of activities of the Section of Hemodynamics and Interventional Cardiology in 1997].
The results of the Spanish Registry of Hemodynamic and Interventional Cardiology in 1997 are presented. The Registry collects the activity of 83 centers which constitute all the cardiac catheterization laboratories in Spain. The main activity was adult cardiac catheterization in 75 centers and exclusively pediatric cardiac catheterization in 8. A total of 72,370 diagnostic catheterization procedures, 80% coronary angiographies (57,960; 1,462 per million inhabitants), were performed which represents a 13% total increase compared to 1996. Coronary intervention increased by 23% compared to 1996, for a total number of 18,545 procedures. The ratio of coronary interventions per million inhabitants was 468. Success rates of coronary interventions (91.3%) and complications (3.7%) were similar to those registered in previous years. In the specific field of revascularization devices, there has been a dramatic increase in the use of stents. In 1997, coronary stents were employed in 11,417 cases (a 61% increase compared to 1996) which represents 61.5% of all coronary revascularizations procedures. A total of 14,170 prosthesis were implanted, 72% in a elective way, with a low rate of complications (0.95% subacute closure; 1.45% myocardial infarction and 0.75% mortality). Compared to 1996, directional coronary atherectomy (92 procedures) showed a slight decrease, whereas rotational atherectomy (554 procedures) increased by 49% with double the number of centers performing this technique. As in previous years, a slight decrease (7% compared to 1996) in adult valvuloplasties (559 vs 599) was noted. Pediatric interventional procedures decreased by 17% (465 vs 558 procedures) compared to the 1996 Registry.
Adult↗
[Angioplasty versus surgery in proximal stenosis of the anterior descending artery].
The points of view of the cardiac surgeon and the interventional cardiologist on their personal approach to the treatment of the significant lesions of the proximal left anterior descending coronary artery are still a matter of controversy. Two randomized studies have compared the efficacy of PTCA vs CABG in the treatment of patients with isolated proximal left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery stenosis. After a mean follow-up of 3 years these studies concluded that the incidence of events was significantly reduced in the CABG group. However, this conclusion requires a cautious interpretation because of methodological limitations of these studies. On the other hand, a recent randomized study has shown a reduction in the restenosis rate when an intracoronary stent is electively implanted after PTCA in proximal LAD stenosis. Similarly, surgical modifications in material and in technical aspects will probably result in a reduction of the morbidity sometimes associated with surgical procedures. Presented with favourable anatomy, PTCA with elective stent implantation may be the initial option in the treatment of proximal LAD stenosis, especially if another revascularization procedure is contemplated in the future. However, CABG is preferred when the LAD lesion suggests a complicated anatomy (chronic obstructions, ostial lesions or proximal bifurcations with a significant diagonal). Depending on the particular results for both procedures in each Institution, an individual evaluation seems to be mandatory in the vast majority of patients.
Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary↗
[Intracoronary stents in the treatment of angioplasty complications].
Acute or subacute occlusion of the dilated artery is the main cause of complication after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. The occlusion incidence ranges between 2 and 10% of the procedures and the mechanisms include dissection, subintimal hemorrhage, thrombosis, vasospasm and elastic recoil. Intracoronary stent is a metallic support which may seal dissection due to angioplasty, resists elastic recoil and geometric remodeling and prevents other occlusion mechanisms. Data from recent studies demonstrate the benefit of stenting acute occlusive coronary dissection in a large artery with extensive myocardium at risk. The election of the type of stent in the treatment of the acute coronary occlusion depends on the clinical status, the coronary anatomy and the stent characteristics. The major limitation of stent is the apparition of subacute thrombosis. The mechanisms of stent thrombosis are not well known. However, some factors related to complicated angioplasty, such as the presence of important dissection, intracoronary thrombus and vessels of small diameter have been involved. For this reason, the major incidence of subacute thrombosis is observed in bail-out situations. New techniques using intravascular ultrasound and high pressure dilatation after stent placement and new approaches in antiplatelet treatment have been recently described in order to reduce the incidence of subacute occlusion and the hemorrhagic events associated to previous anticoagulant therapy.
Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary↗
Antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy after coronary-artery stenting.
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Aortic Dissection↗
Acute rejection, cytomegalovirus infection and endothelial dysfunction early after heart transplantation.
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Acetylcholine↗
[The mechanism producing nausea during ventriculography performed with ioxaglate: the implications of a randomized study].
INTRODUCTION: The mechanism of ioxaglate-induced nausea has not been fully elucidated. Recent studies have demonstrated that serotonin is one of the principal neurotransmitters of emesis in humans. On the other hand, the greater capacity of ioxaglate to stimulate vomiting has been ascribed to its great ability to inhibit cholinesterase. METHODS: To determine if oral metoclopramide (a serotonin receptor-blocker) is effective in the prophylaxis of ioxaglate-induced nausea during left ventriculography, 637 of 711 consecutive eligible patients were included in a prospective study. Patients were randomized to receive, 60-90 minutes before the procedure, either diazepam 10 mg p.o. (control group [n = 315]) or diazepam 10 mg p.o. plus metoclopramide 10 mg p.o. (metoclopramide group [n = 322]). RESULTS: The two randomized groups were similar in relation to baseline clinical and hemodynamic characteristics. Nausea was documented in 103 patients (16.1%) with similar incidence in the two groups (control group: 16.8%, metoclopramide group: 15.5%; p = NS). Nausea duration was also similar (56 +/- 63 s vs 52 +/- 63 s; p = NS). When patients with and without nausea were compared, the following variables showed a significant difference between the two groups: male gender (86% vs 76%; p < 0.05), age (53 +/- 10 yrs vs 56 +/- 9 yrs; p < 0.05) and body surface area (1.84 +/- 0.2 m2 vs 1.78 +/- 0.1 m2; p < 0.01). Stepwise multiple regression analysis identified low age (p = 0.02) and male gender (p = 0.06) as independent predictors of nausea. The incidence of nausea was 24% in males < or = 45 yrs vs 9% in females > 45 yrs (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Prophylaxis with oral metoclopramide did not reduce the incidence of ioxaglate-induced nausea during left ventriculography. This data do not support a role of serotonin in the production of nausea by ioxaglate. Low age an male gender are independent predictors of nausea apparition during left ventriculography. A cholinergic mechanism is probably involved in the capacity of ioxaglate to stimulate vomiting.
Administration, Oral↗
[Electron microscopic comparison of the antithrombotic potential of 2 low osmolality iodine contrast media in percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty].
The antithrombogenic potentials of two low osmolality iodine contrast media, ioxaglate (Iox), an ionic product, and iopamidol (Iop), a non-ionic product, were compared in a multicentre, randomised, double-blind study in 64 patients undergoing percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) by scanning electron microscopy for the presence of thrombotic material on the guiding catheter (GC) and guide wires (GW). The procedure was strictly standardised: stable angina, type A coronary lesions; aspirin administration (at least 300 mg the day before and on the day of angioplasty); heparinisation (10000 IU at the beginning of the procedure); same GCs (Marathon Baxter 8F), same GWs (Veriflex USCI 0.014). The tips of the catheters and guide wires were scanned by an electronic microscope in a double-blind protocol. The scores for the number of erythrocytes (RBCs), platelets (PLs) and constituted thrombi (THi) were; thickness scored from 0 to 3, the % surface covered and an index of volume combining these two parameters. The clinical and angiographic characteristics of the 2 groups were strictly comparable. The time that the GCs and GWs were in the circulation were 30.0 +/- 2.3 vs 32.6 +/- 3.0 minutes for the former, and 18.6 +/- 1.8 vs 17.1 +/- 1.4 minutes for the later in the Iox and Iop groups, respectively (NS). An angiographic filling defect was not observed in any of the patients in the Iox group and in 4 patients (13%) in the Iop group (NS). The number of thrombotic elements observed on the GCs (RBCs, PLs, THi) was negligible in both groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary↗