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Biomedical subjects

A Castellano

Publications and source records attributed to A Castellano.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Pigmented skin lesions in black newborn infants.

Three findings from a study of one hundred black newborn infants examined for pigmented lesions are presented herein: significantly higher incidence than in prior neonatal examinations, a frequent clinical pattern of grouped macules, and an unusual histologic distribution of nevus cell theques. Fifty-one percent of the infants had congenital pigmented lesions. Biopsy specimens of thirty-two lesions were obtained, twenty-six showing histologic changes of lentigo, four melanocytic nevi (nevus-cell nevi), and two ephelides. Three of the four nevi were less than 1.5 cm in diameter and all were of the predominantly junctional type. Clinical appearance was not a consistent guide for classification in the newborn.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1978

Papular acrodermatitis of childhood and hepatitis B infection.

A case of papular acrodermatitis (PAC) associated with acute anicteric type B hepatitis occurred in a 2-year-old child. Immunocytochemical studies failed to detect the presence of viral antigens in the involved skin lesion. Current knowledge of the hepatitis B viral antigens and of their possible role in PAC is discussed.

Acrodermatitis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Transient muteness followed by dysarthria in patients with pontomesencephalic stroke. Report of two cases.

Dysarthria is the principal motor abnormality following vascular damage to pontine paramedian structures, owing to the involvement of corticobulbar fibres. Here we describe 2 cases of adults affected by dysarthria following transient muteness as the result of a stroke in pontomesencephalic structures. Their clinical outcome was very similar to that of young patients who have undergone surgery of the 4th ventricle. Recently the importance of pons involvement has also been underlined in these cases. This case report suggests the existence of a functional network for speech, in which the pontomesencephalon is an important station for the triggering and the efficacy of verbal production.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Scleroderma-like changes in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: clinical and biochemical studies.

Children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) were examined for scleroderma-like changes of digital sclerosis and joint contractures. Of the 104 patients, 19 (18%) demonstrated these features; five patients had both multiple joint involvement and skin changes; three were studied in detail. All three had restrictive pulmonary disease. Histopathology of skin in these three patients demonstrated increased accumulation of collagen in the lower dermis. In two of the patients, the extractability of collagen in 0.5 N acetic acid was decreased by about 50% as compared with normal controls, which suggests increased cross-linkage of collagen. In addition, the mean nonenzymatic glycosylation of collagen in these three patients was 13 times that of controls. The results indicate that distinct histopathologic and biochemical changes can be detected in the skin of these patients. The results further support the hypothesis that nonenzymatic glycosylation may alter the turnover of collagen, thus contributing to the development of a scleroderma-like syndrome with skin, joint, and pulmonary findings in patients with IDDM.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The laparoscopic surgical therapy of gastroesophageal reflux disease].

Between January 1995 and February 1997 we performed 30 laparoscopic Nissen-Rossetti fundoplications and 3 laparotomic Nissen fundoplications. All patients were suffering from gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) resistant to medical therapy, 19 patients were suffering also from hiatal hernia and 2 pz. were suffering from a para esophageal hernia. 1 patient had been previously treated with laparotomic Nissen fundoplication for GERD and hiatal hernia. Preoperative assessment included: oesophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGDS) with biopsies: 24-h pH-monitoring; 24-h manometry; barium swallow and DeMeester symptoms scoring. Mean operation time was 110 min. 1 pz. required conversion to laparotomy. 35% of pz. experienced mild grade dysphagia that resolved spontaneously in 4-8 weeks. Postoperative evaluation was performed in all patients 6 months after surgery. Overall results were characterised by a significant reduction of the symptoms score: mean score was reduced from 5.6/9 to 0/9. No signs of oesophagitis were seen at control EGDS. 24-h pH monitoring demonstrated a significant reduction of the total time at ph < 4 from a mean value of 28.2% preoperatively to 1.9% postoperatively. 24 h oesophageal manometry revealed a rise in lower oesophageal sphincter pressure from a mean of 11 mmHg preoperatively to a mean of 27 mmHg postoperatively. Our preliminary results demonstrate that laparoscopic Nissen-Rossetti fundoplication is a safe and effective procedure for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease but, sometimes, laparotomic technique can be considered in selected cases.

Follow-Up Studies↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Morbidity of childhood bronchial asthma in the emergency room].

BACKGROUND: An allergic etiology could be found in more than the 80% of the patients with bronchial asthma. Specific immunotherapy is the only known etiologic treatment, reducing clinical symptoms and requirement of medication. However only a few patients are controlled by an allergist. The aim of the present study was to verify the influence of control and treatment carried out by patients in childhood asthma recruitment that came to the emergency room of our hospital (Hospital Clínico San Carlos) between December 95 and June 96. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Children to 15 years old were included in the study. We analysed: age, sex, clinical record, previous treatment (pharmacological and etiological), basal symptoms, necessity to be admitted to hospital, medical previous control. RESULTS: 163 patients came to emergency room because of asthma exacerbation. They were divided in two groups: less than 3 years (average 17.45 months) and more than 3 years (average 8 years) (Sd: 3.4). Sex: 65% male sex and 35% female sex. 44.17% came during the greater pollinization period in our field, with a statistical significance compared with other periods (p: 0.0023). 81 patients (49.7%) had been previously diagnosed of bronchial asthma. 15% of the patients were controlled by an allergist, with a stable situation in 92% of them. 68.4% of patients who were controlled by a paediatrician and 40% who were controlled in a officially approved centre (p: 0.015) were stable. 55 patients had continuous treatment and 21.8% of them were been treated with immunotherapy. 17.7% of patients without immunotherapy were admitted to hospital. None of the patients on immunotherapy were hospitalised. CONCLUSIONS: It is essential to do an early diagnosis and a combined follow-up by an allergist and a paediatrician to succeed in a good control of the disease from its beginning. In our experience, the children who were controlled by an allergist had a more stable situation and were also more easily controlled. The specific treatment should be initiated in the early stage of the disease being the only factor that modify the immune response and prevents against the development of asthma in children with rhinitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Oligodendroglial cell damage and demyelination in infant hydrocephalus. An electron microscopic study.

The hydropic changes of oligodendroglial cells have been examined by means of transmission electron microscopy in seventeen cases of human, mostly infant hydrocephalus and associated pathology. Hydropic oligodendrocytes exhibited dilated endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear envelope, edematous mitochondria, enlarged and fragmented Golgi complexes, dense bodies and nuclear chromatin homogenization. A process of nuclear pore disassembly, extrusion of nuclear heterochromatin and an apoptotic-like process were observed in some swollen oligodendrocytes. Some resting or quiescent oligodendrocytes were also observed in the edematous neuropil. Oligodendrocyte cell processes appeared atrophic, degenerated and isolated in the enlarged extracellular spaces. They did not show any association with neighbouring axons, and myelinated axons were not observed in the neuropil. These observations suggest demyelination in infant hydrocephalus.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Obstetric care in cardiopathic pregnant women].

Heart diseases in pregnancy represent the main not-obstetrical cause of death and the fourth in absolute way. Cardiopathies should be diagnosed before pregnancy also to try a possible correct contraception. After discussing the modifications of the cardiovascular apparatus in a healthy pregnant subject, the authors dwell upon the modifications affecting heart patients in pregnancy. Particular attention is given to the therapeutical interruption in pregnant cardiopathic patients.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Renal physiopathology in pregnancy].

The authors examined the main anatomo-functional modifications of kidneys during pregnancy, through the analysis of "flux" and glomerular and tubular "functions". Among the modifications occurring in pathological conditions they included pregnant patients with only one kidney, patients affected by kidney calculosis, anomalies of urinary tract and patients who underwent kidney transplant.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Epidemiology and clinical presentation of vulvar cancer].

Recently, we observed a lowering in the average age of women affected by vulvar cancer. Five years after the diagnosis, survival is little more than 50%. Such a severe prognosis is caused both by a late diagnosis and organization lacks of prevention. Etiology and symptomatology of vulvar cancer are widely treated; particular prominence is given to the differential diagnosis.

Female↗