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Biomedical subjects

A Castellani

Publications and source records attributed to A Castellani.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

[Antiglobulin test using an immunoenzyme method].

An enzyme-linked antiglobulin test (ELAT) is described. All reagents are commercially available. The antiglobulin reagent is a monoclonal anti-IgG conjugated with alkaline phosphatase. The substrate (p-nitrophenylphosphate) is stable and innocuous. The procedure requires long incubations, particularly between red cells and the enzyme-conjugated antibody. However most of the time actively spent by the technician is consumed by washing procedures (LAV). These may be avoided by using density gradient centrifugation (CSG). ELAT is significantly more sensitive than agglutination, using either washing or gradient centrifugation (P = 0.002 and P = 0.0005, respectively). Moreover ELAT-CSG is significantly more sensitive than ELAT-LAV (P = 0.03). CSG yields better reproducibility and probably avoids some of the spontaneous elution of the primary and/or secondary antibody which may occur during washing.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1984

Renal tubular acidosis associated with vitamin D-resistant rickets. Role of phosphate depletion.

3 children with vitamin D-resistant rickets (VDRR), and severe phosphate depletion had moderate metabolitic acidosis and evidence of impaired distal tubular acidifying mechanisms. Therapy with 1-alpha-OH-vitamin D3 and phosphate supplementation improved the clinical and radiological rachitic manifestations, and resulted in the normalization of systemic acid-base parameters as well as of tubular acidification. Profound phosphate depletion is another cause of acquired, reversible distal renal tubular acidosis (RTA).

Acidosis, Renal Tubular↗
PubMed1983

No relationship between acetate and hypotension in a standard dialysis schedule.

Plasma acetate (PA) kinetics was analysed in two groups of patients on regular dialysis treatment (RDT). The first group presented frequent symptomatic hypotension (SHY), the second did not experience SHY during RDT. The parameters examined showed no difference between the two groups. Seven patients of the first group were then switched to bicarbonate dialysis. SHY rate and blood pressure changes did not significantly differ between the two methods of treatment.

Acetates↗
PubMed1978

A safe blood transfusion procedure for immunization against major histocompatibility complex determinants in man.

A standardized procedure is proposed for deliberate immunizations against human major histocompatibility complex determinants. The data presented demonstrate its effectiveness and, by using a number of necessary precautions, this procedure has proven to be very safe. The following points are especially important: (1) exclusive utilization of regular blood donors as immunizers; (3) use of whole blood as an immunizing agent; and (3) use of small immunizing stimuli rather than large transfusions. This procedure can be recommended for the production of monospecific anti-HLA antisera and it may be useful if and when a deliberate transfusion policy for prospective kidney recipients is adopted.

Blood Transfusion↗
PubMed1978

"Silent" alleles at the HLA-C locus.

Defined specificities of the HLA-C locus possess a significantly lower immunogenicity as compared with the HLA-A and HLA-B specificities. HLA-C "blanks" are not immunogenic at all. Among the possible explanations, the most likely one appears to be a low phenotypic expression of these alleles. C locus antigens as a whole are thus likely to be of minor relevance in donor/recipient matching for transplantation.

Alleles↗
PubMed1977

Blood pressure control in end-stage renal disease in man: indirect evidence of a complex pathogenic mechanism besides renin or blood volume.

1. In twenty-three uraemic patients on regular dialysis, plasma renin activity and blood volume were measured before and after a single dialysis. Three groups were identified; the first had a low or normal plasma renin activity and a high or normal blood volume, the second had a high plasma renin activity and a low blood volume and the third had both variables above normal. 2. In spite of these differences, diastolic blood pressure before and after dialysis was the same in the three groups and multiple regression analyses failed to demonstrate any dependence of blood pressure on plasma renin activity, blood volume or body weight taken separately or together. 3. We conclude that other factors besides plasma renin activity and blood volume are important in maintaining arterial hypertension in terminal renal failure.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[Morphological aspects and electrophysiological evaluation of the vectorcardiogram in inferior myocardial infarction (author's transl)].

The purpose of the paper is to evaluate the vectorcardiographic characteristics of the QRS in inferior myocardial infarction, now extended and modified in the light of recent advances in electrophysiology. The VCGs (Frank system) of 70 patients with old inferior myocardial infarction were analyzed. The most important parameters previously considered by others and the behaviour of the different vectorial groups were considered. The results of the analysis of these parameters were concordant with those obtained by others. The morphologic evaluation of the QRS on different planes allowed our cases to be divided into five vectorcardiographic groups. The evaluation of the morphological aspects of the QRS for a more sure diagnosis of myocardial infarction, specially considering false positive cases, was considered from the semeiological point of view. Moreover, it was shown that some alterations of VCG cannot be apparent electrocardiographically. The electrogenetic meaning of vectorcardiographic alterations, probably related with depth and width of necrosis and with conduction disturbances in the subdivisions of left bundle branch, were evaluated.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

A double-blind cross-over evaluation of the activity of d-oxazepam hemisuccinate sodium salt (D-7-chloro-1,3-dihydro-3-hemisuccinyloxy-5-phenyl-2H-1,4-benzodiazepine-2-one) compared to its racemic form.

After carrying out a pilot study on D-7-chloro-1,3-dihydro-3-hemisuccinyloxy-5-phenyl-2H-1,4-benzodiaze-pine-2-one (D-oxazepam hemisuccinate sodium salt) (+), the authors examined in the present study the anxiolytic effects of this drug in comparison to its racemic form (+/-). The modifications of the symptoms were measured by the rating scale for anxiety (R.S.A.S.) of Hamilton and the experiment was carried out according to a cross-over, double-blind design. 34 patients hospitalized in the Psychiatric Hospital of Marzana (Verona) were studied. These patients complained of different syndromes but each of them had anxiety as the main symptom. The results obtained, evaluated clinically and statistically, confirm what was previously reported on the activity of D-oxazepam hemisuccinate sodium salt. In synthesis the drug given at a daily dose of 100 mg i.m. acts favourably upon: sleep disturbances, anxiety states and tension, somatic symptoms associated with anxiety. Given in equal doses both substances, dextrorotatory and racemic forms, act upon the same parameters of anxiety (as reported above). It has a superior activity over the racemic form, as it can be seen by the comparison of the variations of the general symptomatology and the single items particularly in the 2nd cycle of treatment.

Adult↗