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Biomedical subjects

A Carter

Publications and source records attributed to A Carter.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Multiple myeloma in Northern Israel, 1970-1979.

From 1970 to 1979, multiple myeloma was diagnosed in 184 residents of Northern Israel. The data were analyzed for variations by demographic factors, ethnicity, country of origin, and urban/rural residence areas. The average annual age-adjusted incidence rate per 100,000 residents was 1.78. The rates for males and females were 2.1 and 1.46/10(5) person-years, respectively. The male to female incidence ratio was 1.44:1.0. The average incidence rate was significantly higher for Jews than for Arabs and was higher for European Jews than for Afro-Asians or native Israelis. Urban areas had significantly higher rates than rural areas. A statistically significant increase in the incidence rates was demonstrated for the years 1975 to 1979 compared to the period 1970 to 1974. The increase was evident in all population categories, but was particularly prominent in females, the Jewish population, urban areas, and in the oldest age group. The results of the current study suggest that both culturally derived factors and industrial environment may play a role in the etiology of multiple myeloma.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Impaired immunoglobulin synthesis in multiple myeloma: a B-cell dysfunction.

Peripheral blood samples collected from normal individuals and patients with benign monoclonal gammopathy and multiple myeloma were separated and assayed for their T- and B-cell subpopulations as well as immunoglobulin (IgG, IgM) synthesis in vitro. To rule out any functional or quantitative alterations related to therapy, only newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients and subjects with benign monoclonal gammopathy were included in our study. Multiple myeloma patients were further subdivided into two groups. Group A consisted of patients with low and intermediate tumor burdens, while group B included patients with high tumor mass. B- and T-cell subset analysis revealed an abnormal ratio between B/T and OKT4+/OKT8+ lymphocytes compared to healthy controls. These alterations were especially prominent in group B multiple myeloma. Immunoglobulin synthesis was studied in pokeweed-mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte cultures. The results indicate that the failure to synthesize and secrete immunoglobulin resides within the B-cell lineage and is probably due to a functional B-cell defect. T-cell immunoregulatory functions seem to be unaffected in both multiple myleoma and benign monoclonal gammopathy patients.

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1986

The comparative pathology of open chest vs. mechanical closed chest cardiopulmonary resuscitation in dogs.

We compared the pathologic changes following open-chest cardiopulmonary resuscitation (OCCPR) vs. closed chest cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CCCPR) in 28 healthy mongrel dogs subjected to experimentally induced ventricular fibrillation (VF). VF was induced in 29 dogs. No treatment was given for 3 min, then mechanical CCCPR was given for the next 12 min. External defibrillation (80 joules) was then attempted twice. One dog was resuscitated. The remaining 28 dogs were divided into 2 groups of 14 each. Group A received continued CCCPR and group B received OCCPR. All dogs received advanced cardiac life support and were followed until resuscitated or dead. All dogs were autopsied and gross pathology scores and histopathology scores were determined for each animal, and for each of 19 separate tissues within each animal. The mean gross pathology scores for the following tissues were significantly greater for dogs that received OCCPR vs. those that received CCCPR: skin (3.4 vs. 1.2; P less than 0.001), subcutaneous tissue (3.7 vs. 0.6; P less than 0.001), chest wall muscle (3.7 vs. 0.5; P less than 0.001), and pleura (1.9 vs. 0.1; P less than 0.001). The mean total gross pathology score was also greater in dogs that received OCCPR vs. those that received CCCPR (17.2 vs. 7.7; P less than 0.001). The mean histopathology scores for the following tissues were significantly greater for dogs that received OCCPR vs. those that received CCCPR: skin (2.5 vs. 0.0; P less than 0.001), subcutaneous tissue (2.2 vs. 0.1; P less than 0.001), muscle (2.3 vs. 0.1; P less than 0.001), pleura (1.6 vs. 0.0; P less than 0.001), pericardium (1.4 vs. 0.2; P less than 0.01), epicardium (2.5 vs. 0.2; P less than 0.001), myocardium (2.5 vs. 0.3; P less than 0.001), and endocardium (1.9 vs. 0.5; P less than 0.01). The mean total histopathology score was also greater in dogs that received OCCPR vs. those that received CCCPR (20.1 vs. 7.4; P less than 0.001). The histopathology score for brain tissue was greater for the CCCPR group than for the OCCPR group (1.9 vs. 0.4; P less than 0.05). This study showed that OCCPR in dogs following VF caused more severe pathologic changes than CCCPR. These changes were attributed to thoracotomy-induced chest wall injury and to internal defibrillation induced myocardial injury. However, OCCPR caused less severe microscopic brain lesions than CCCPR.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Human cDNA clones for four species of G alpha s signal transduction protein.

lambda gt11 cDNA libraries derived from human brain were screened with oligonucleotide probes for recombinants that code for alpha subunits of G signal transduction proteins. Eleven alpha s clones were detected with both probes and characterized. Four types of alpha s cDNA were cloned that differ in nucleotide sequence in the region that corresponds to amino acid residues 71-88. The clones differ in the codon for alpha s amino acid residue 71 (glutamic acid or aspartic acid), the presence or absence of codons for the next 15 amino acid residues, and the presence or absence of an adjacent serine residue. S1 nuclease protection experiments revealed at least two forms of alpha s mRNA. A mechanism for generating four species of alpha s mRNA by alternative splicing of precursor RNA is proposed.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1986

Increased low-density lipoprotein levels after splenectomy: a role for the spleen in cholesterol metabolism in myeloproliferative disorders.

Patients with myeloproliferative disorders demonstrate decreased plasma cholesterol and apolipoprotein B concentrations, and this has been related to the presence of a large spleen. Patients that underwent splenectomy in the past demonstrated normal plasma cholesterol levels. Plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I were also reduced in these patients, but were normal after splenectomy. To study the immediate effect of splenectomy on the plasma lipid pattern, three patients with myeloproliferative disease and a large spleen who were undergoing splenectomy were compared with two control groups, one undergoing orthopedic operations and the second, cholecystectomy. In the control groups, plasma lipids tended to decrease for the first 2 days after surgery and then returned to preoperative levels. After splenectomy, however, plasma cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and apolipoprotein B significantly increased, reaching maximum levels after 4 days. Plasma HDL as well as apolipoprotein A-I decreased 1 day after splenectomy, but then increased over and above their preoperative concentrations. These results suggest an important role for the spleen in cholesterol metabolism in these patients. The spleen appears to be an important site for LDL catabolism in these patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Partial response of meningeal myeloma to craniospinal radiotherapy.

Concomitant occurrence of meningeal involvement and thoracic plasmacytoma was observed in a patient with IgA lambda myeloma. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed IgA-lambda paraprotein and pathological plasma cells. CT scan of the chest and lumbar myelogram excluded spinal cord compression. The patient partially responded to craniospinal irradiation but succumbed to rapidly progressive myeloma 20 weeks following diagnosis of meningeal involvement.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Short burst oxygen treatment for breathlessness in chronic obstructive airways disease.

Most patients with chronic obstructive lung disease prescribed oxygen at home by their family doctor use it for short periods when they feel breathless. Many patients are normoxic. Nineteen patients with advanced disease and variable hypoxaemia undertook exercise until they indicated severe breathlessness on a 100 mm visual analogue scale. Air, 67% oxygen, and air delivered from a cylinder in an identical manner to the oxygen were randomly administered during the recovery periods. Respiratory rate, heart rate and oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions, estimated by transcutaneous electrodes (tcPo2, tcPco2), were measured throughout the exercise and recovery periods. The mean recovery time for breathlessness as judged by visual analogue score was significantly shorter when oxygen was used than during placebo or air recovery (p less than 0.05). The rates of return to baseline levels of respiratory and heart rates were not significantly affected by the gas inhaled. No placebo effect was detectable. It was not possible to select good responders from the results of prior physiological tests. In seven patients the study was repeated after an interval of between one week and a year. The consistency of observed response to oxygen was poor. Although recovery judged by visual analogue scores showed some consistency within individual patients and greater overall consistency than heart rate or respiratory rate, the direction of change in recovery judged by visual analogue score after the breathing of oxygen was variable. The change during the breathing of oxygen was towards improvement in both studies in three patients and towards deterioration in both studies in one patient, and it showed no consistent direction of change in the remaining three patients. It is difficult to determine which patients will derive substantial and reproducible benefit from short burst oxygen but their numbers are probably small. The results cast doubt on the justification for the current widespread prescription of oxygen cylinders for occasional use.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Delta receptors in the rat vas deferens.

The effects of the delta-selective antagonist ICI 174864 and naltrexone on the dose-response curves to the mu-selective agonist RX 783006 and D-ala-D-leucine enkephalin (DADL) have been investigated in the rat isolated vas deferens preparation (RVD) set up in Krebs solution containing half the normal Ca++ concentration. The results obtained provide very strong evidence for the existence of both mu- and delta-receptors in this preparation. The Ke values of a number of opioid antagonists v. DADL in the RVD have been determined and compared to the Ke values obtained in the mouse vas deferens assay (MVD). The very good correlation (slope = 1.01, r = 0.98) obtained between the Ke values from the 2 preparations confirms the presence of a delta-receptor in the RVD.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Gait characteristics in multiple sclerosis: progressive changes and effects of exercise on parameters.

This study determines the characteristics of the multiple sclerosis gait, identifies the progressive gait changes associated with this degenerative disease, and determines the effects of an aquatic exercise program on gait parameters. Eleven patients with multiple sclerosis volunteered to participate and were filmed three times during a 10 week period with a Locam camera at 100 frames/s. During the testing period, subjects participated in an aquatic exercise program. In addition, they were rated according to the Kurtzke Scale for Evaluating Disability in Multiple Sclerosis. Results indicated that these patients with MS have shorter stride lengths, slower free speed walking rates, and higher cadence than do persons without MS. Knee and ankle joint rotation were characterized by lower than normal excursion with less vertical lift of the center of gravity and greater trunk lean than normal. Significant correlations between the Kurtzke Scale and gait parameters were indicated for step length and hip and ankle joint excursion. The aquatic exercise program appeared to have had no effect on the studied gait parameters.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Endotracheal versus intravenous epinephrine during electromechanical dissociation with CPR in dogs.

The dose-response curves of epinephrine given either IV or endotracheally (ET) were compared during resuscitation from electromechanical dissociation (EMD). Ten anesthetized dogs were subjected to a two-minute period of electrically induced ventricular fibrillation (VF) followed by defibrillation without CPR to produce EMD. Mechanical CPR was followed by injection of either ET or IV epinephrine. Successful response was defined as a return of pulsatile blood pressure within two minutes of drug administration. Using log-dose increments of epinephrine, experimental trials were repeated in each animal. The IV and ET median effective doses were 14 and 130 micrograms/kg, respectively. When the trials were successful, the time between drug administration and either arterial blood pressure increases or return of spontaneous circulation did not differ significantly for the ET and IV groups. These results show that the dosage for epinephrine delivered ET must be higher than the IV dosage to achieve the same response during CPR.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Coexistence of Kaposi's sarcoma and angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy.

A 66-year-old woman who developed simultaneously angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy (AILD) and Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is reported. A parallel course of the two diseases was evident. After a relatively short course of corticosteroid therapy, the clinical and laboratory signs of AILD regressed, and the patient is in remission 39 months after the beginning of the disease. At the same time a regression of KS lesions was also observed. The frequent association of KS and lymphoproliferative disorders in the same patient is discussed. As AILD is a lymphoma-like syndrome, it is suggested that we might expect a more frequent association of this disease with KS in the same patient than the two cases reported to date.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Chylomicronaemia in multiple myeloma.

A patient with multiple myeloma presented with an accumulation of chylomicron-like particles. This rare finding resembled that of the type V hyperlipoproteinaemia phenotype. The lipid and lipoprotein concentration and composition were compared with values obtained from other patients with multiple myeloma, patients with the type V hyperlipoproteinaemia phenotype (accumulation of chylomicrons and very low density lipoproteins), and normal subjects. An immunoglobulin-lipid complex was demonstrated in our patient. This complex was found not to be associated with the chylomicrons and was detected only in the lipoprotein-deficient plasma. Lipid and lipoprotein concentration and composition differed from the other groups. Very low density lipoprotein concentration was reduced, and there was thus a marked difference from the type V phenotype. The chylomicrons derived from this patient were also richer in apolipoprotein C compared to chylomicrons derived from the patients with type V hypolipoproteinaemia. It appears that the abnormal composition of the triglyceride-rich lipoproteins observed in this patient renders her refractory to the normal pathways of metabolism.

Cholesterol↗
PubMed1985

Microstructure and biochemistry of avian muscle and its relevance to meat processing industries.

This review is an attempt to summarize information concerning the gross and microscopic anatomy of avian muscle. In addition, specific proteins found in muscle tissue such as the troponins, tropomyosin, alpha- and beta-actinin, desmin, vimentin, myomesin, and creatine kinase are described. The role of protein synthesis and degradation, leading to net protein accumulation in growing animals, is addressed. It is thought that learning to decrease the rate of protein degradation would have immense economic significance. Satellite cells are mentioned as some of these cells fuse with muscle cells to become true muscle nuclei. Understanding the mechanism by which the nuclei of satellite cells differentiate into muscle nuclei could lead to a practical means of increasing protein synthesis within muscle tissue. Finally, postmortem biochemistry is discussed to show how the pH of muscle tissue interacts with environmental temperature to affect the final tenderness of the product.

Actin Cytoskeleton↗
PubMed1985

Increased platelet aggregation following splenectomy in patients with myeloproliferative disease.

In 30 patients with myeloproliferative disorders, decreased platelet aggregation in response to both ADP and collagen was demonstrated. The hypoaggregability was more drastic in patients with large spleens. Patients who had had splenectomy in the past showed normal platelet aggregation. In order to understand the role of the spleen in platelet function, platelet aggregation was studied in three patients with myeloproliferative disorders during the week following splenectomy and was compared to platelet aggregation in three control patients undergoing orthopedic operations. After splenectomy, platelet aggregation significantly increased, reaching a maximum after 3 to 4 days, but returned to presplenectomy values after 1 week. This is in contrast to the control patients, in whom no significant changes in platelet aggregation were observed. Our results suggest that the spleen retains or catabolizes the most hemostatically effective platelets.

Adult↗