Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

A Carroll

Publications and source records attributed to A Carroll.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Phenylethylamine metabolism in Tourette's syndrome.

Beta-phenylethylamine, phenylalanine, and phenylacetic acid were examined in 24-hour urine samples and/or plasma samples obtained from 28 medication-free patients with Tourette's syndrome and 20 control subjects matched for age and education. Statistical analyses revealed that Tourette patients had lower plasma phenylalanine and urinary free beta-phenylethylamine compared with the controls, but did not differ on urinary total levels of phenylacetic acid. Fifty percent of the Tourette patients had a urinary beta-phenylethylamine level that was lower than the lowest control subject. In addition, urinary beta-phenylethylamine levels were inversely related to several scores from the Tourette Syndrome Global Scale. These data suggest that abnormalities in synthesis or metabolism of beta-phenylethylamine may be involved in the etiology of some patients with Tourette's syndrome.

Child↗
PubMed1989

Localization of preferential sites of rearrangement within the BCR gene in Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

The Philadelphia chromosome associated with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has been linked to a hybrid BCR/ABL protein product that differs from that found in chronic myelogenous leukemia. This implies that the molecular structures of the two chromosomal translocations also differ. Localization of translocation breakpoints in Philadelphia chromosome-positive ALL has been impeded due to the only partial characterization of the BCR locus. We have isolated the entire 130-kilobase BCR genomic locus from a human cosmid library. A series of five single-copy genomic probes from the 70-kilobase first intron of BCR were used to localize rearrangements in 8 of 10 Philadelphia chromosome-positive ALLs. We have demonstrated that these breakpoints are all located at the 3' end of the intron around an unusual restriction fragment length polymorphism caused by deletion of a 1-kilobase fragment containing Alu family reiterated sequences. This clustering is unexpected in light of previous theories of rearrangement in Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia that would have predicted a random dispersion of breakpoints in the first intron in Philadelphia chromosome-positive ALL. The proximity of the translocation breakpoints to this constitutive deletion may indicate shared mechanisms of rearrangement or that such polymorphisms mark areas of the genome prone to recombination.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1988

Evidence of functional lymphocytes in some (leaky) scid mice.

Although the majority of severe combined immune deficiency (scid) mice lack functional lymphocytes, some (2-23%) appear to develop a limited number of B and T cells between 3 and 9 mo old. Most of these leaky scid mice were shown to contain very few clones (less than or equal to 3) of Ig-producing plasmacytes. Clonal progeny were distributed unevenly in the lymphatic tissues and appeared as discrete plasmacytic foci. In many cases, individual clones persisted for several months and produced abnormally high concentrations of Ig that included multiple isotypes. Functional T cells were inferred from the ability of leaky mice to reject allogeneic skin grafts, a T cell-dependent reaction. Interestingly, approximately 40% of leaky mice developed thymic lymphomas. In other respects, leaky mice resembled regular scid mice; e.g., their splenic cells failed to express common lymphocyte antigens (Ly-5[B220], Ly-1) and to proliferate in response to lymphocyte mitogens. Histologically, their lymphoid tissues retained the same general pattern of severe lymphocytic deficiency as scid mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Granulocytic sarcoma with an indolent course and destructive skeletal disease. Tumor characterization with immunologic markers, electron microscopy, cytochemistry, and cytogenetic studies.

A 6-year-old girl with a granulocytic sarcoma (GS) of the left maxillary sinus that followed a uniquely indolent clinical course (3.5 years) and was associated with highly destructive skeletal disease is described. The tumor cells demonstrated an unusual hematogenous "homing" preference for bone and soft tissue sites. Tumor cell characterization with immunologic markers, electron microscopy, cytochemistry, and cytogenetic studies revealed that the tumor cells expressed OKM1 and MMA (Leu-M1), but not HLA-DR, B-, or T-cell markers. The cells were nonspecific esterase- and myeloperoxidase-positive, had ultrastructural features of promyelocytes, and were clonal. The laboratory characterization of the tumor cells in this clinically unusual case of GS illustrates the utility of monoclonal antibodies, applied in conjunction with cytochemistry and ultrastructural analysis, in establishing the specific diagnosis, cell lineage, and maturational stage of this tumor.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1985

A controlled trial of fixed versus tailored calorie intake in patients receiving intravenous feeding after abdominal surgery.

Excessive intravenous calorie intakes have been shown to increase fat deposition and CO2 production with deleterious results. A controlled trial has therefore been performed to determine whether there is clinical benefit from tailoring calorie intake of intravenously fed patients to the patient's metabolic expenditure. Twenty patients requiring intravenous feeding after abdominal surgery were randomly allocated to receive either (i) a constant regimen containing 2 600 calories and 15.55 g nitrogen or (ii) a varied regimen with a fixed calorie: N2 ratio of 167:1 but with the calorie intake adjusted according to the previous day's metabolic expenditure. Only one patient had a requirement of greater than 2 600 calories; there was no difference in mean RQ during intravenous feeding between the constant regimen (0.90 +/- 0.10 s.d.) and the varied regimen (0.90 +/- 0.09 s.d.) and no significant difference in peak CO2 production. Excess calorie intake over expenditure did not correlate with increased positive nitrogen balance but on the varied regimen patients receiving a higher nitrogen intake tended to be in more positive nitrogen balance. This study suggests that a fixed calorie intake of 2 600 calories per day is suitable for adult patients requiring intravenous feeding after abdominal surgery but currently prescribed nitrogen intakes may be suboptimal.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1985

Relationship of age to neuropsychological deficit in Tourette's syndrome.

A previous study suggested that neuropsychological deficit in patients with Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome (TS) may increase with age. This question was studied by examining the relationship between age and neuropsychological deficit in 21 TS patients. It was found that increased age was related to greater neuropsychological deficit on a pattern of measures consistent with previous reports. The use of age corrected t-scores ruled out the general relationship of age with test performance as an explanation of these results. In addition, when the subjects were grouped on the basis of age, older patients were significantly worse than younger patients on several measures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

A large kindred with X-linked mental retardation, marker X and macroorchidism.

Thirty-eight members of a black kindred with mental retardation and the Marker X were studied. Ten of 14 affected males, 6 of 6 affected females, 18 carriers or possible carriers, and 7 normal males were examined. Eight of 9 affected males who could be measured had macroorchidism, but their ears and mandibles were not prominent. No distinct facies were evident, although minor anomalies, such as a slight pectus, were present in some. Clinical diagnosis in the absence of a strongly positive family history may be even more difficult among prepubertal black children than in whites. The risk of retardation among children of carriers was estimated at 20-40%.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1983

Neuropsychological abnormalities in Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome.

Seven patients with Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome underwent an extensive psychological and neuropsychological examination. On psychological examination, it was found that consistent with previous reports these patients had a high incidence of Verbal IQ-Performance IQ discrepancies on the Revised Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, and had average mental arithmetic but poor written arithmetic. On neuropsychological examination, no single measure was performed poorly by all subjects, but there was a high incidence of poor performance on several measures from the Halstead-Reitan Battery. High frequency of abnormal performance for age was observed on the Category, Trail Making and Tactual Performance Tests. In addition, the patients had an interesting pattern of average auditory attention span but poor visual attention span. The pattern of visuomotor and visuospatial deficits was discussed with respect to possible underlying mechanisms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

The spatial structure of Latin American cities.

"Using published census data, metropolitan area population and employment statistics are constructed for several large Latin American cities in 1950, 1960, and 1970, and compared to similar statistics from selected North American cities. The Latin cities are experiencing decentralization of population and some decentralization of employment. Overall population density patterns of large Latin cities resemble those in older North American cities; newer North American cities have lower densities and are much more decentralized than Latin cities. High-status groups are somewhat concentrated in the central cities of Latin American metropolitan areas, but their concentrations there are declining."

Americas↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Immune reconstitution after autologous purged bone marrow transplantation in children.

PURPOSE: Immune reconstitution was studied in 30 children who had received purged autologous bone marrow transplantation for neuroblastoma or acute myeloid leukemia (AML). METHODS: Patients with neuroblastoma received high-dose chemotherapy and total body irradiation, and patients with AML received chemotherapy alone. Marrows were purged ex vivo with either antineuroblastoma monoclonal antibodies (neuroblastoma) or 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide (AML). Lymphocyte subsets, mitogen stimulation studies, and immunoglobulin levels were studied every 4 months. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the two groups of patients in lymphocyte number or subsets over time. In both groups, CD2+ and CD4+ cells were below normal in 33% of patients at 12 months. CD4+/CD8+ ratios were below normal for up to 8 months after transplantation and natural killer cells were elevated for up to 2 years in most patients. Median IgG and IgA levels were below the age mean even at 2 years after transplantation, although patients with AML had significantly higher IgG levels at 12 months compared with those with neuroblastoma. Lymphocyte proliferative responses to mitogens were markedly reduced at 4 months but returned to normal at 8 months. Despite the delay in immune reconstitution, there were no life-threatening infections. CONCLUSIONS: There appeared to be little difference in the overall kinetics of immune reconstitution between the children with neuroblastoma, who received total body irradiation and high-dose chemotherapy, and those with AML, who received high-dose chemotherapy alone as their pretransplant preparative regimen.

Acute Disease↗