Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

A Carr

Publications and source records attributed to A Carr.

270 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1970

Blood sample survey.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Blood Specimen Collection↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparative efficacy and tolerability of two long-acting calcium antagonists, mibefradil and amlodipine, in essential hypertension. Mibefradil Hypertension Study Group.

In a previous forced-titration trial, mibefradil 100 mg QD was as effective as amlodipine 10 mg QD in reducing sitting diastolic blood pressure (SDBP), and it produced significantly less leg edema than did amlodipine 10 mg QD. The present multicenter, double-masked, randomized, parallel-design trial was performed to assess the reproducibility of these results using a flexible-titration design. Following a 4-week, single-masked, placebo run-in period, 296 patients with a trough SDBP of between 95 and 114 mm Hg (21 to 27 hours postdose) were randomized to receive once-daily treatment with mibefradil 50 mg (n = 146) or amlodipine 5 mg (n = 150). In patients whose trough SDBP was greater than 90 mm Hg after 4 or 8 weeks of double-masked therapy, the dosage was titrated upward to mibefradil 100 mg or amlodipine 10 mg for the remainder of the 12-week active treatment period. A greater proportion of amlodipine-treated patients (65%) than of mibefradil-treated patients (54%) required titration to the higher dose. Despite this difference, statistically equivalent reductions in trough SDBP were observed after 12 weeks of treatment with 50 to 100 mg of mibefradil QD (-11.7 +/- 6.4 mm Hg) and 5 to 10 mg of amlodipine QD (-11.9 +/- 6.9 mm Hg). SDBP was normalized to < or = 90 mm Hg at week 12 in 66% of patients treated with mibefradil and 65% of those receiving amlodipine. The tolerability profile of mibefradil was superior to that of amlodipine, with significantly fewer patients (P = 0.009) reporting leg edema after mibefradil treatment (7%) than after amlodipine treatment (17%). The results of this study confirm those of the previous trial. Once-daily treatment with mibefradil 50 to 100 mg for 12 weeks was as effective as 12 weeks of once-daily treatment with amlodipine 5 to 10 mg in reducing SDBP and was associated with a significantly lower incidence of leg edema.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Combined analysis of two-year follow-up from two open-label randomized trials comparing efficacy of three nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor backbones for previously untreated HIV-1 infection: OzCombo 1 and 2.

PURPOSE: To compare inhibition of HIV replication, improvements in CD4+ T-cell counts, metabolic parameters, and body shape changes after 2 years of assigned therapy in OzCombo patients. METHOD: Study participants were those who were recruited into the open-label OzCombo 1 (1996/1997) and OzCombo 2 (1997/1998) trials. Patients in OzCombo 1 were randomized to receive indinavir in combination with zidovudine+lamivudine (AZT+3TC; n = 35), stavudine (d4T)+3TC (n = 34), or d4T+didanosine (ddI) (n = 37). OzCombo 2 patients were randomized to the same nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) backbones with nevirapine (n = 20, 22, 23, respectively). The mean time-weighted changes from baseline in CD4 T-cell count/mL, HIV RNA (log copies/mL plasma), and proportions with detectable viral load (<500 copies plasma HIV RNA/mL) between NRTI arms over 2 years were compared by formal meta-analysis. A cross-sectional study of metabolic and body shape complications was also undertaken. RESULTS: For the comparison of d4T+3TC and d4T+ddI to AZT+3TC, mean differences in time-weighted change from baseline in CD4 T-cell count/microL and log copies HIV RNA/mL adjusted for baseline CD4+ T-cell and HIV RNA counts were: -44 (p =.08) and -14 (p =.56) cells/microL and -0.1 (p =.40) and -0.1 (p =.6) copies/mL. Odds ratios for detectable viral load in the last study quarter were 0.6 (p =.44) and 1.0 (p =.95). The mean percent leg fat was lower in the d4T+3TC and d4T+ddI than the AZT+3TC arm (mean difference 5.1% [p =.07] and 7.6% [p =.02], respectively). CONCLUSION: For all regimens, virological control and immunological response were maintained over 2 years. Regimens containing d4T and particularly d4T+ddI were significantly associated with increased peripheral fat loss compared with AZT+3TC.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intellectual and educational attainment in albinism.

We studied the intellectual and educational ability of a group of 18 albino children as compared with that of a group of demographically matched controls. Intellectual ability was measured using Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices, and educational ability was measured by the reading, spelling, and arithmetic tests of the Wide Range Achievement Test. There was no statistically significant difference in intelligence of the two groups. However, there was a significant difference in reading, spelling, and arithmetic skills. No correlation was found between the clinical features of the albino children and their performance on the intelligence or educational tests.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Looking to the future.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

History, 20th Century↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Managing corticosteroid induced osteoporosis in medical outpatients.

As a preliminary step to developing a protocol for the management of corticosteroid induced osteoporosis we examined the case notes of patients attending medical clinics and studied the first 100 consecutive patients estimated to have taken 1 gram or more of prednisolone, or equivalent, in the previous six months. The patients who satisfied the inclusion criteria represented 2% of all medical outpatients. Inflammatory arthritis and obstructive airways disease together accounted for 50% of cases. The average daily dose of corticosteroids was highest in the respiratory patients (12 mg) and lowest in the rheumatology patients (7.5 mg). The question of osteoporosis had been considered in 47% of cases: of these, 27 (57%) were diagnosed as having osteoporosis by bone mineral density measurement or x-ray appearances, and 93% of the latter patients were receiving treatment for osteoporosis. The results indicate that while most physicians were aware of the problem of corticosteroid induced osteoporosis and treated most patients when diagnosed, more than 50% of patients on significant doses of corticosteroids were not investigated. We have therefore devised a management protocol and implemented it within the medical directorate.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗