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Biomedical subjects

A Carosso

Publications and source records attributed to A Carosso.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1993

[The impact of immigration from high incidence countries on the epidemiology of tuberculosis].

Immigration in Italy from developing countries is a recent problem and the possible consequences on public health must be taken into account. The present study reports the results of Tuberculosis control activities performed by the Dispensario di Igiene Sociale of Turin, related to this population. Up to now the available data suggest that the immigrant population (mainly from North Africa and Senegal), in spite of representing a small part of residents (approximately 33,000/1,000,000) contributes to one third of Tuberculosis cases. The consequences on Tuberculosis epidemiology in Italy and our operational experience on Tuberculosis control and prevention are discussed.

Emigration and Immigration↗
PubMed1992

The differential diagnosis of primary lung cancer: inter-observer agreement and contribution of specific diagnostic procedures.

In order to investigate inter-observer variability in the differential diagnosis of primary lung cancer among women and the contribution of specific diagnostic procedures to this diagnosis, a group of 449 suspect cases of this disease was studied. Based on a standard dossier (including clinical data and the reports, if present, of radiology, bronchoscopy and histology) six different physicians independently judged, for each woman, at each diagnostic step, the presence of a primary lung cancer. A final consensus was organized in order to define the true cases. Radiology and especially histology seem to give the most important contribution to the diagnosis. On the other hand bronchoscopy seems to be useful mainly as a guide for biopsy. A predictive value of 90% was found when both radiology and bronchoscopy were positive; in the other cases histology seems to be needed to reach an adequate discrimination. Inter-rater agreement increases with an increasing amount of information but is not very high even when histology is available.

Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid↗
PubMed1992

Results of routine patch testing of 834 patients in Turin.

834 consecutive patients (630 female), aged between 26 and 46 years, who were suspected of having allergic contact dermatitis were patch tested with the GIRDCA standard series during 1989-1990. The most frequent sensitizers observed included nickel sulphate, cobalt, Kathon CG, perfumes, potassium dichromate and balsam of Peru. We have evaluated the influence of individual factors such as sex, age and occupation on the patch test results, and the coexistence of 2 or more unrelated but statistically significant sensitivities.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Respiratory diseases in wood workers.

A survey was carried out on wood workers and on a group of unexposed, healthy controls. One group of wood workers (group A) were asymptomatic and another (group B) had symptoms either of chronic cough and dyspnoea on exertion (B1) or dyspnoea at work and bronchial hyperreactivity (B2). The control group (group C) was randomly selected from among a population of laboratory workers. No significant differences were found among the groups with respect to the frequency of atopy but the prevalence of a positive skin reaction to wood extracts was significantly higher in the asthmatic subjects. The adjusted FVC and FEV1/FVC% were significantly higher in B1 than in the other groups; the FEV1 was lower in B1 than in B2 and in B2 than in the other groups; TLCO and KCO differed significantly in all four groups. A significant negative correlation was observed between FEV1, MEF50, TLCO and KCO and duration of exposure to wood dusts. The alveolar volumes were not significantly different between the groups and were not correlated with duration of exposure. These results confirm the observation that exposure to wood dust or to some bronchoreactive substances linked with wood working can induce chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD). Some cases of wood dust asthma seem to be related to an immediate allergic reaction, but precipitating antibodies appear to be an index of exposure rather than of disease. The decrease in diffusion capacity can be ascribed to a thickening of the alveolar capillary membranes secondary to an alveolitis like, non-symptomatic, allergic reaction.

Forced Expiratory Volume↗
PubMed1986

The effect of birth season on pollenosis.

The purpose of this paper is to examine whether exposure to antigens in the early months of life can increase or decrease subsequent sensitization. With this aim in mind, 304 subjects undergoing hyposensitization were randomly selected in an out-patient study: 207 of them had pollenosis (seasonal asthma, rhinitis, and positive skin tests to grass pollen) and 97, house dust respiratory allergy (perennial asthma and rhinitis with positive skin tests to house dust mites). The results of the study show a statistically significant association (P less than .005) between birth in grass pollen season and pollenosis. The region of birth (north or south Italy) appeared to be a "deterministic" effect modificator; the odds ratio due to the birth season was 5.099 in the northern and 0.997 in the southern Italian regions. The main effect of the region of birth was not significant, neither was sex, age, and the region of birth of the parents (main, polinomial and interaction effects). It is likely that there is a real relationship between the month of birth of atopic subjects and the prevalence of the pollenosis. The precise reason(s) of the different degrees of association between month of birth and pollenosis in subjects born in northern and southern Italy is not clear.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[Radiologic determination of total lung capacity].

The authors studied in 50 healthy subjects the cilindroid and the planimetric method for the radiological measurement of TLC. Both methods proved to be accurate, but the first showed a better relation with the pletismographic measurements; in both methods the individual variability was very limited (5 divided by 6%). In a screening protocol comprising double-projection chest X-ray, the radiological measurement of TLC seems to be very useful to evaluate with simplicity and realiability its values and its variations in time.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Using reference values in pulmonary ventilation studies.

The aim of this study was to examine the discriminating power of six widely used, or recently introduced, reference values in the interpretation of pulmonary ventilation (FVC and FEV1) in occupational health surveys. These six reference values were applied to a sample of 400 Italian males; 200 of the sample were foundry workers and the other 200 were workers who were not occupationally exposed to dusts; 50% of each group were smokers. The relationship between the reference values and their capacity to discriminate between the workers occupationally exposed to dusts and the workers who smoked in each group was evaluated. The results showed very significant differences among the various reference values. Generally speaking these differences may be determined by the different selection criteria of the subjects under study, or may be a result of the different characteristics of the population included in the various studies. Our conclusions show the need for a critical approach to the use of reference values, particularly during screening tests.

Adult↗